乳腺癌细胞中Her22 介导p27 Kip1高表达的分子机制

 0 　引言 原癌基因Her22 也称C2erbB22 或Her22/ neu , 是人类表皮生长因子受体( EGFR) 家族的第二个成 员,位于染色体17q21 ,编码1 255个氨基酸的具有 跨膜酪氨酸激酶活性的生长因子,包括能与配体结 合的细胞外功能区和细胞内部的具有酪氨酸激酶活 性部分以及跨膜区,受体分子量约为185 KD ,因此 又被称为p185[ 1 ]     

EZRIN蛋白与妇科肿瘤侵袭转移关系研究进展

Ezrin (埃兹蛋白)是ERM (ezrin∕radixin∕moesin,埃兹蛋白/根蛋白/膜突蛋白)蛋白家族成员之一,是膜细胞骨架连接蛋白,通过介导膜与细胞骨架的连接,Ezrin调节细胞形态形成、运动、黏附以及细胞信号转导等多项细胞活动,而这些细胞活动与肿瘤的发生、发展及浸润转移等密切相关.多项研究表明Ezrin的表达水平与多种肿瘤的侵袭力、转移、临床预后有密切关系.Ezrin可能与妇科肿瘤病程进展密切相关,但相关研究较少.     

恶性肿瘤种植转移研究进展

恶性肿瘤种植转移发生机制目前还不清楚，但能引起种植的原因有很多。医源性和非医源性肿瘤细胞脱落为种植提供了可能；脱落肿瘤细胞数量的增加，瘤细胞本身的侵袭性、转移性、黏附力、分化程度、组织学类型等，手术及CO2气腹对局部造成的炎症、损伤都与种植转移的发生有密切关系。了解种植转移发生的原因有利于预防种植转移的发生，降低种植转移的发生率。     

乳腺癌细胞中Her-2介导p27~(Kip1)高表达的分子机制

0 引言 原癌基因Her-2也称C-erbB-2或Her-2/neu,是人类表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)家族的第二个成员,位于染色体17q21,编码1255个氨基酸的具有跨膜酪氨酸激酶活性的生长因子,包括能与配体结合的细胞外功能区和细胞内部的具有酪氨酸激酶活性部分以及跨膜区,受体分子量约为185KD,因此又被称为p185[1].     

肿瘤转移与肿瘤干细胞研究

转移是恶性肿瘤的基本属性之一,也是临床治疗中一个棘手的问题,因而探索肿瘤转移的细胞学和分子生物学基础并寻找新颖的诊治靶标,是当前普遍关注的一个研究热点.肿瘤干细胞是恶性肿瘤的起始细胞,但最近的研究揭示,此类癌细胞也与肿瘤转移密切相关.本文简要综述了这一领域的最新研究进展.     

转移肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤转移中作用机制的研究进展

随着肿瘤干细胞学说的提出及其在肿瘤发生中所起重要作用的不断研究,更多学者将目光聚焦在肿瘤干细胞与肿瘤转移的关系上,认为肿瘤干细胞可能是引起肿瘤转移的元凶,并进一步提出了转移肿瘤干细胞的概念.肿瘤转移是一个复杂的多因素参与的病理过程,上皮间质转化机制、基质细胞衍生因子-1(stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1)/ 趋化因子受体4 [chemokine(Cys-X-Cys motif) receptor 4,CXCR4]和肿瘤干细胞及其微环境等都在肿瘤转移的过程中起到了不可低估的作用,肿瘤干细胞与它们的相互作用可能贯穿了肿瘤转移过程的始末.阐明转移肿瘤干细胞在肿瘤转移中的作用机制,将为肿瘤转移的靶向治疗提供理论依据.     

肿瘤干细胞特性研究进展

早在1855年,Rudolph Virchow就已经注意到肿瘤形成和组织发育之间的关联性,并根据发育中的胚胎和畸胎瘤形态学上的相似性提出了肿瘤发生的“残留胚胎组织”学说——认为肿瘤来源于成体组织中残留的休眠胚胎组织的激活。随着研究的深入,人们发现干细胞和肿瘤细胞之间存在着很多相似之处：他们都有无限增殖的能力,可以自我更新;都具有特异性分化的能力,可以产生表型和生物学特性不同的子代细胞;     

乳腺癌侵袭及转移相关基因研究现状

从分子生物学、细胞学角度，对近年来乳腺癌细胞粘附分子(CD44)、细胞外基质分解酶(MMP、TIMP)、转移抑制基因(nm23)、凋亡抑制基因(Survivin)、抑癌基因(p53)等在乳腺癌侵袭、转移过程中的作用机制作一综述，并揭示其在预测乳腺癌侵袭与转移过程中的应用价值。     

原发性肺癌根治术后胃转移一例

患者男,65岁.2006年2月于外院行PET-CT检查诊断为左肺癌,经吉西他滨和顺铂化疗2个周期后,复查PET-CT示肿物缩小约50%.5月行左上肺肺癌根治术,病理诊断为中度分化支气管鳞状细胞癌.术后行吉西他滨和西妥昔单抗化疗4周.7月复查PET-CT未见异常,遂给予西妥昔单抗300 mg维持治疗.11月复查PET-CT,显示肝脏和胃局部代谢增高,立即行肝脏穿刺及胃镜检查,活检病理诊断为中度分化支气管鳞状细胞癌,考虑为肺癌肝脏及胃转移.11月行力比泰和卡铂化疗1个周期.     

Tumor markers of bladder cancer: the schistosomal bladder tumors versus non-schistosomal bladder tumors

Recent data have redefined the concept of inflammation as a critical component of tumor progression. However, there has been little development on cases where inflammation on or near a wound and a tumor exist simultaneously. Therefore, this pilot study aims to observe the impact of a wound on a tumor, to build a new mouse tumor model with a manufactured surgical wound representing acute inflammation, and to evaluate the relationship between acute inflammation or wound healing and the process of tumor growth. We focus on the two phases that are present when acute inflammation influences tumor. In the early phase, inhibitory effects are present. The process that produces these effects is the functional reaction of IFN-γ secretions from a wound inflammation. In the latter phase, the inhibited tumor is made resistant to IFN-γ through the release of TGF-β to balance the inflammatory factor effect on the tumor cells. A pair of cytokines IFN-γ/TGF-β established a new balance to protect the tumor from the interference effect of the inflammation. The tumor was made resistant to IFN-γ through the release of TGF-β to balance the inflammatory effect on the tumor cells. This balance mechanism that occurred in the tumor cells increased proliferation and invasion. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed a new view of clinical surgery that will provide more detailed information on the evaluation of tumors after surgery. This study also provides a better understanding of the relationship between tumor and inflammation, as well as tumor cell attacks on inflammatory factors.     

Characteristics of bladder microcirculation in women with overactive bladder

We studied microcirculation and a blood nitric oxide level in 30 females aged 23-63 years with overactive bladder (OAB) before and after administration of oxibutinin. We found that OAB patients have microcirculation disorders accompanied with elevation of nitric oxide in the blood. Oxibutin improved bladder microcirculation, normalized blood nitric oxide with resultant positive changes in clinical symptoms with less frequent voiding and alleviation of imperative disorders.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱手术的临床观察

目的　探讨肌层浸润性膀胱尿路上皮癌保留膀胱手术的有效性及安全性。方法　收集２００３年６月至２００７年６月行保留膀胱手术的４１例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者的临床资料,其中行膀胱部分切除术（ＰＣ）２９例,行根治性经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（ＴＵＲＢＴ）１２例。采用吡柔比星３０ｍｇ／次膀胱灌注化疗,每周１次,共８次,继而每月１次,共持续１年。每３个月行膀胱镜检查１次,持续２年。结果　ＰＣ组术后１、３年无瘤生存率分别为８２８％（２４／２９）和５５.２％（１６／２９）,ＴＵＲＢＴ组分别为７５％（９／１２）和５０％（６／１２）,两组差异均无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０.０５）。ＰＣ组术后肿瘤复发率为３４.５％（１０／２９）,首次肿瘤中位复发时间为９.５个月;ＴＵＲＢＴ组术后肿瘤复发率为４１.７％（５／１２）,首次肿瘤中位复发时间为８.０个月,两组差异均无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０.０５）。结论　对于身体条件不能耐受或不愿接受根治性膀胱全切术的肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者,行保留膀胱手术联合术后化疗是一种可行的治疗方案。     

羟基喜树碱膀胱灌注化疗预防膀胱癌术后复发

目的 探讨羟基喜树碱在膀胱癌术后膀胱灌注化疗预防肿瘤复发的效果。方法 52例膀胱恶性肿瘤患行膀胱部分切除术或羟尿道膀胱肿瘤电气化切除术后，采用羟基喜树碱20mg 生理盐水20mg膀胱灌注20次预防膀胱肿瘤复发。结果 随访1～6年，术后2年无复发，2年后复发6例，复发率11．5％。结论 膀胱癌术后羟基喜树碱膀胱灌注化疗预防肿瘤复发，疗效肯定副作用小。     

Multimodality bladder preservation therapy for muscle-invasive bladder tumors

The standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer in the United States is still radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection. An alternative to cystectomy is multimodality bladder preservation with thorough transurethral resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. This report addresses several key issues to be considered when selecting patients for a multimodality treatment for invasive bladder cancer. Recent protocols incorporating various fractionation schemes for radiation and alternative chemotherapeutic agents are reviewed. Quality of life associated with bladder preservation after a multimodality approach is also discussed.     

肌层浸润性膀胱癌保留膀胱综合治疗的疗效评价研究

目的 评价髂内动脉灌注化疗+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗综合治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床疗效.方法 比较64例采用髂内动脉灌注化疗(吡柔比星40 mg/m2、5-FU 1000 mg/m2、羟喜树碱30 mg/m2)+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗(综合治疗组)和62例采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗(对照组)的肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2N0M0期)患者经治疗后的肿瘤复发/转移率、死亡率及治疗相关不良反应的发生情况.结果 至随访截至日期,综合治疗组的无复发/转移率为93.75%(60/64),明显高于对照组的45.16%(28/62),差异有统计学意义(P=0);转移死亡率为3.13%(2/64),低于对照组的16.13%(10/62),差异有统计学意义(P=0.015);非膀胱癌死亡率为10.94%(7/64),与对照组的12.90%(8/62)相比,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05).结论 髂内动脉灌注化疗+经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术+膀胱内灌注化疗的综合治疗方案,能够降低肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2N0M0)患者肿瘤复发率和死亡率,不增加非癌性死亡风险,值得进一步探讨.     

Management of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is a paradigm of malignancy, representing the spectrum from localized to metastatic disease, and manifesting varied histologic types, including transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that a common stem cell of origin gives rise to the different histologic types and that these patterns are of clonal origin. Localized bladder cancer is managed optimally by transurethral resection, with or without adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy. Invasive cancer or relapsed superficial disease may require more radical surgery or radical radiotherapy. In recent years, the evolution of techniques of continent urinary diversion or of bladder replacement has revolutionized the management of invasive disease. However, the 5-year survival for invasive bladder cancer is still approximately 50%, and innovative strategies have been developed, combining definitive local treatment and systemic chemotherapy, in an attempt to improve survival. For patients with metastatic disease, the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (the MVAC regimen) has achieved response rates as high as 70% but with a median survival of only 12 months. Until cure rates are improved, one of the hallmarks of effective management of metastatic disease will remain the provision of thorough and well-structured palliative treatment programs. Recently, the introduction of new agents (such as paclitaxel, gallium, ifosfamide, and gemcitabine) has led to promising response rates, and further clinical trials of these agents alone and in combination are in progress. In addition, an improved understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to treatment, including the implications of the expression of p-glycoprotein, p53 proteins, and other biochemical predictors of outcome, and of strategies to overcome such resistance, may lead to more effective management of advanced disease. Furthermore, real progress will be made only through the application of well-designed clinical trials to test the efficacy and toxicity of the new strategies of treatment.     

Diagnosis of bladder cancer

Increasing incidence of bladder tumors necessitates development of new techniques of early diagnosis. A total clinical system including application of ultrasonoangiography proved superior to examination under the gray scale mode. The diagnostic and monitoring algorithm makes the system highly effective.