经皮椎体成形术治疗对多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛椎体高度及Cobb角的影响

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗对多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛、椎体高度、Cobb角的影响。方法选取2009年1月至2014年9月间西安交通大学第二附属医院收治的28例多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者,给予经皮椎体成形术治疗,于术前、术后3d、6个月评估和比较患者疼痛程度、生活质量、椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度、Cobb角和术后并发症。结果与术前相比,术后3d、6个月患者视觉模拟疼痛评分及欧洲癌症治疗与研究组织评分均明显降低(均P<0.05);术后3d、6个月患者椎体前缘、中央、后缘高度均明显增高,Cobb角明显减少(P<0.05)。平均随访6个月,患者未出现骨水泥渗漏、血气胸等严重并发症。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗能够明显恢复多节段脊柱转移性肿瘤患者椎体高度及Cobb角,有效缓解疼痛,提高患者生活质量。     

脊柱转移瘤的手术方式选择

目的探讨对脊柱转移瘤手术方式的选择。方法通过对1995年至2005年42例脊柱转移瘤的临床资料及手术方式的回顾并进行随访和总结。结果随访3个月～9年。全脊椎切除术6例存活13个月～9年,平均存活41个月,4例仍存活。脊椎次全切除术13例存活1个月～3年,平均16个月,6例仍存活。前路椎体切除固定8例,存活4个月～34个月,6例仍存活。后路椎板切除减压固定12例,术后均获得疼痛缓解,11例神经功能恢复或改善,存活3个月～16个月,5例仍存活。单纯后路椎板及肿瘤切除减压1例(原发灶不明腺癌)截瘫症状有所恢复。经皮椎体成形2例疼痛大部分缓解。结论全(或次全)脊椎切除术对预计长生存期且有有效的术后肿瘤辅助治疗的患者是有益的。单纯后路减压加脊柱固定对脊柱不稳定和(或)硬膜受压的高龄或一般状况较差的患者近期内可明显改善神经功能和疼痛。前路或后路脊柱固定是必要的,其稳定脊柱的效果没有区别。     

后路减压加内固定棒治疗脊柱转移癌

目的采用后路椎板减压双Ｌｕｑｕｅ氏棒节段固定术治疗转移性胸腰椎肿瘤。方法从１９８７～１９９４年对３２例脊柱不稳所致的严重腰背痛及２４例神经麻痹瘫痪者进行了手术治疗。结果术后３０例脊柱获得稳定,９１％病人疼痛能缓解,２４例麻痹瘫痪病人中５８％得到至少Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ１级以上功能恢复。本组平均存活８．７月。结论手术仅限于神经功能部分改善、缓解疼痛,提高存活期内生活质量和方便护理。术后存活时间仍取决于肿瘤性质。     

大剂量放疗联合经皮注射骨水泥椎体成形术治疗脊柱骨转移癌临床疗效观察

目的:观察大分割放射治疗联合经皮注射骨水泥椎体成形术(PVP)在脊椎骨转移瘤中的治疗效果。方法:骨转移疼痛患者52例,有明显疼痛椎体68个。以大分割放射治疗,分割剂量3Gy/次,或 4Gy/次,1次/d,5次/周。总剂量:DT 30Gy/10次,或 20Gy/5次;3天后应用PVP治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤52例共68个椎体,在CT引导下或X线电视监视下经皮穿刺至病变椎体后注入适量骨水泥(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA),观察放疗及PVP术后止痛效果、并发症及脊椎稳定性情况。结果:52例患者中,48例DT 30Gy/10次,4例20Gy/5次,52例穿刺全部成功。放疗及PVP术后,患者的疼痛均有不同程度缓解:疼痛完全缓解(CR)42例(54个椎体)、疼痛部分缓解(PR)9例(12个椎体)、轻度缓解(MR)1例(2个椎体)、疼痛无缓解(NR)0例。病变脊椎稳定性良好,术后影学检查显示38例49个病椎的肿瘤区域被PMMA完全均匀充填加固,另14例19个椎体大部分充填。放疗中、PVP术中及术后均无严重并发,随访3～６个月效果良好。结论:大分割放射治疗联合经皮注射骨水泥椎体成形术(PVP)治疗脊椎骨转移瘤缓解疼痛疗效好,并可加强病变椎体的稳定性。     

椎弓根钉固定结合病椎成形术治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤

目的探讨椎弓根钉固定结合病椎内骨水泥填充治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤的疗效。方法采用后路减压、短节段椎弓根钉固定结合病椎内骨水泥填充强化治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤19例,观察术后疼痛缓解、神经功能恢复情况及生存时间。结果无围手术期死亡病例。术后疼痛消失11例,缓解7例,无明显缓解1例,神经功能均有不同程度恢复。19例均获得随访,随访时间5-28月,平均14.5月,未发生内固定松动及断裂。15例随访期间死亡。结论短节段椎弓根钉固定结合病椎内骨水泥填充强化治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤,手术相对安全,能有效维持脊柱稳定性,改善晚期患者的生活质量。     

前路小切口手术椎体切除ＭＡＣＳ-ＴＬ治疗胸腰椎脊柱转移性肿瘤

目的　评价前路手术应用组件式胸腰椎前路结构系统（ＭＡＣＳ-ＴＬ）小切口椎体切除治疗胸腰段脊柱转移性肿瘤的临床疗效和可行性。方法　回顾性分析２００４年２月至２００８年３月我院治疗的胸腰椎脊柱转移性肿瘤伴脊髓神经受损、脊柱不稳病例２４例,原发肿瘤包括肺癌７例,乳腺癌５例,前列腺癌３例,胃肠癌１例,甲状腺癌４例,不明４例,行前路减压、骨水泥重建,应用ＭＡＣＳ-ＴＬ内固定。术后８例接受原发部位的手术,另有部分病例术后接受６个月正规化疗或放疗。观察手术时间、术中失血、术后疼痛缓解率、并发症,对术后神经功能恢复情况进行分析,记录术前、术后即刻和末次随访时矢状面Ｃｏｂｂ角度变化,并随访肿瘤复发情况以及重建骨水泥块有无断裂和下沉。结果　手术时间１４０～２７０ｍｉｎ,平均１７５ｍｉｎ。手术出血量７００～２１００ｍｌ,平均１０５０ｍｌ。１７例患者获随访,随访时间最短６个月。脊髓神经功能明显改善,除１例ＡＳＩＡ分级为Ｂ级患者神经功能无改善外,其余患者均有１级以上的恢复;术后腰背痛缓解率１０0％,ＶＡＳ评分术前平均８.３分,术后６个月平均１.０分;６个月后患者的满意率为９４.１％。Ｘ线摄片观察显示脊柱结构稳定,椎间高度恢复良好,患者矢状面Ｃｏｂｂ角均无丢失,且无骨水泥块断裂及下沉。术后出现胸腔积液和肋间神经痛２例（１１.８％）,未出现切口或内植入物感染以及膈疝发生。结论　对于孤立性转移肿瘤伴有脊髓神经压迫和脊柱不稳的患者,手术干预仍是一种可选择的方式。组件式胸腰椎前路结构系统（ＭＡＣＳ-ＴＬ）具有低切迹、固定可靠、操作灵活等特点,是前路手术治疗胸腰椎脊柱转移性肿瘤较理想的内固定方法。     

射频消融术联合经皮椎体后凸成形术对脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛及疗效的影响研究

目的探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)联合射频消融术(RFA)对脊柱转移性肿瘤患者疼痛及疗效的影响。方法回顾性分析227例(共405节椎体)脊柱转移性肿瘤患者的病历资料,其中联合组(采用PKP联合RFA治疗)患者164例,245节椎体,PKP组(单独采用PKP治疗)患者63例,160节椎体。比较两组患者疼痛缓解情况、Oswestry功能障碍指数、视觉模拟评分及影像学改变情况。结果两组患者术前视觉模拟评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);术后1天、术后5个月,联合组患者视觉模拟评分均低于PKP组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后1周、术后2个月,联合组患者疼痛缓解有效率均高于PKP组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);术后5个月,联合组患者疼痛缓解有效率明显高于PKP组,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。两组患者术前Oswes-try功能障碍指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);术后3天、1周、2个月、5个月,联合组患者Oswestry功能障碍指数均明显低于PKP组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术前两组患者椎体前缘、椎体中部高度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);术后,联合组患者椎体前缘、椎体中部高度均明显高于PKP组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。结论 PKP联合RFA治疗脊柱转移性肿瘤可缓解患者疼痛,改善患者日常活动功能,更好地提高病变椎体高度,增强脊柱的稳定性,效果显著。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎溶骨性肿瘤短期疗效分析

 目的：观察经皮椎体球囊后凸成形术（PKP）治疗胸腰椎溶骨性肿瘤疼痛、日常活动的改善情况。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年10月间于西安市红十字会医院脊柱科行经皮椎体成形术（PKP）治疗胸腰椎溶骨性肿瘤35例。术前均有顽固性背痛,无神经症状,CT及MRI提示椎体溶骨性病变。在C型臂透视下行椎弓根穿刺球囊扩张椎体后注射骨水泥,采用VAS评分、WHO疼痛缓解标准及Owestry功能障碍指数（ODI）来评估疼痛缓解,日常功能恢复情况,并对病椎的高度变化进行分析,记录骨水泥外漏情况。随访时间为术后1天、1月、6月,采用t检验进行统计学分析。结果：35例患者手术顺利,术后24h内疼痛缓解,无脊髓或神经根损伤及压迫症状,复查X片见椎体内骨水泥填充良好。手术前后VAS评分、活动能力（ODI）和病椎高度对应比较,差别均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,术后随访6月疼痛缓解、日常活动功能改善趋于稳定。结论：PKP能迅速缓解胸腰椎溶骨性肿瘤引起的疼痛,有效恢复病椎高度,并发症相对较少,提高患者生存质量,具有简单、安全、有效等优点。     

开放性椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎转移瘤的临床观察

目的 探讨开放性后路椎体成形术在胸腰椎转移瘤治疗中的应用价值。方法 2013年1月至2015年3月我科收治的45例胸腰椎转移性肿瘤患者,行后路椎管减压后柱转移瘤切除短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定联合直视下骨水泥椎体重建术。评估手术前后腰背部疼痛VAS评分和神经功能损害程度（Frankel分级）。结果 45例患者均安全度过围手术期。33例术前有不同程度腰背疼痛者,术后疼痛消失11例,缓解22例。26例术前伴神经功能障碍者（79％）获得神经功能改善。术中未出现骨水泥引起的神经功能损伤。患者在治疗前和术后1个月VAS评分分别为（8.02±0.51）分和（2.7±0.34）分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。44例获随访,1例术后失访;随访7～32个月,平均16个月。35例死亡,其中术后6个月内死亡3例,7～12个月死亡18例,1～2年死亡11例,2年以上死亡3例;现存活的9例患者中6～12个月5例,1～2年4例。随访期间复查未发现骨水泥下沉、松动、椎节塌陷及向前成角。结论 后路椎管减压后柱转移瘤切除短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定联合直视下骨水泥椎体重建术,简单安全,既能有效减压缓解疼痛,又可维持脊柱稳定,为提高脊柱转移性肿瘤患者的生存提供了一种有效治疗方法。     

PVP治疗老年胸腰椎转移性肿瘤压缩骨折的临床疗效及安全性分析

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗老年胸腰椎转移性肿瘤压缩骨折的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择86例行PVP治疗的老年胸腰椎转移性肿瘤压缩骨折的患者为研究对象,比较手术前后伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角、视觉模拟评估法(VAS)评分、生活质量,并对并发症发生情况进行分析。结果患者术后1 d、3个月及6个月伤椎前缘高度及Cobb角均显著优于术前(P<0.05)。与术前相比,术后1 d VAS评分开始显著下降(P<0.05);术后3个月完全缓解、部分缓解及治疗无效患者的VAS评分依次升高(P<0.05)。术后6个月患者简明健康状况调查表(SF-36简表)显示躯体功能、机体疼痛、活力及总健康状况维度评分显著优于术前(P<0.05)。术中8例患者发生骨水泥渗漏,未出现脊髓受压、肺栓塞及骨水泥毒副作用。结论 PVP治疗老年胸腰椎转移性肿瘤压缩骨折疗效确切,止痛效果及安全性好,患者生活质量得到提高。     

Pain management in spinal metastases: the role of percutaneous vertebral augmentation

Recent technological advances combined with innovative interventional radiology techniques can now offer an alternative less invasive treatment option for many patients with malignant vertebral body infiltration. Percutaneous vertebral augmentation procedures offer less invasive but effective pain relief to many patients with symptomatic spinal metastatic disease. The procedures are image guided and involve the injection of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement into the effected vertebral body. This technique can also be combined with radiofrequency ablation, which may accelerate vertebral stability. In this review, we examine the recent literature surrounding this topic and provide an overview of these emerging techniques.     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗28例脊柱转移瘤

背景与目的脊柱转移瘤的治疗是临床中较常见的棘手问题,保守治疗难以达到有效止痛及稳定脊柱的效果。开放性手术创伤大,并发症多,常需要一段重要的术后恢复期,从而拖延了对原发疾病的治疗,且不适用于多发性脊柱转移瘤。本研究探讨数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)机引导下经皮穿刺椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)治疗脊柱转移瘤患者的疗效。方法对58例脊柱转移瘤患者,按患者意愿分为治疗组28例,对照组30例,两组资料经统计学分析,各因素均无差异。治疗组采用PVP合并放、化疗,对照组采用常规放、化疗。治疗2个月后观察患者生活质量、骨痛评分、脊柱稳定性的改变,以及不良反应。结果经统计学分析,两组治疗后生活质量及骨痛评分的变化均有显著性差异(P<0.05,t1=2.74,t2=11.74)。治疗组脊柱稳定,且无明显不良反应。对照组有5例发生椎体病理性压缩性骨折。结论PVP具有创伤小,操作较简单,并发症少的特点,可有效缓解脊柱转移瘤患者疼痛,减少椎体病理性压缩性骨折,改善其生活质量。     

Clnical Study of the Treatment of Patients with a Metastatic Spinal Tumor by Percutaneous Vertebroplasty under the Guidance of DSA

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical effect in patients with metastatic spinal tumors treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty （PVP） under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography （DSA）. METHODS A total of 110 cases with a metastatic spinal tumor were di- vided into 55 cases in the treatment group （group A ） and 55 cases in the control group （group B ）. The general clinical data were statistically analyzed before treatment with the parameters showing no differences. Group A was treated by PVP and chemotherapy as well. Group B was treated by the regular chemotherapy and regular radiation therapy. The same chemotherapy program was used for the same type of disease. All cases were provided with a follow-up survey for 12 months. During the follow-up survey, changes in the quality of life, in evaluation of bone pain and in vertebral column stability as well as adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS The statistics showed a significant difference between the 2 groups, specifically changes in the quality of life and evaluation of bone pain （P〈0.05, t1=2.74, t2=9.02）. During the follow-up survey, 5 cases in group A died of other organ complilcations, the death rate being 9.1% （5 out of 55）, but all survived more than 3 months following PVP. The vertebral columns of the survivors were kept stable, with no pathological fractures occurring in the vertebral bodies filled with bone cement, there were no obvious adverse reactions, and no paraplegia occurred. Thirteen cases died in group B with a death rate of 23.6% （13 out of 55）. Pathological compression fractures in the vertebral bodies occurred in 30 cases, and 12 cases of complicated paraplegia were noted. The incident rate of paraplegia was 21.8% （12 out of 55）. CONCLUSION PVP is a simple operation causing only small wounds and few complications. It can effectively alleviate pain of metastatic spinal tumors in patients, improve quality of life and reduce the incidence rate of paraplegia.     

后路椎弓根结合骨水泥固定治疗脊柱骨转移癌的临床观察

目的：探讨脊柱转移癌手术治疗的方法和效果。方法：对1999—2007年本院收治26例脊柱骨转移癌手术患者，采用后路减压椎弓根系统固定结合骨水泥充填椎体强化治疗，观察手术效果和存活时间。结果：全组26例患者中，24例病变脊椎得到稳定，术后88．4％患者的脊柱病痛获缓解，20例麻痹瘫痪患者中60％获得至少Frankel Ⅰ级以上功能恢复。平均存活9．7个月。结论：后路减压椎弓根系统固定结合骨水泥充填手术相对安全并可有效维持中晚期患者的生活质量。     

椎体放射治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨椎体放射治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年9月至2016年2月116例脊柱转移瘤患者的临床病例资料,其中对照组58例,仅接受经皮椎体成形术;观察组58例接受经皮椎体成形术联合放疗（3 Gy／次,1次／天,5次／周,共4周）。观察两组的止痛有效率,术后第1天和术后4周椎体高度恢复率与Cobb角恢复率以及并发症的发生情况。结果 两组患者均顺利完成治疗。观察组的止痛有效率为93.1％,高于对照组的79.3％ （P＜0.05）。观察组术后4周椎体高度恢复率与Cobb角恢复率分别为（45.36±10.33）％和（45.96±10.45）％,高于对照组的（42.89±10.41）％和（41.99±8.22）％ （P＜0.05）,且两组术后4周上述两项指标均显著高于术后第1天（P＜0.05）。两组主要并发症为骨水泥外渗和下肢酸胀不适,观察组放疗不良反应轻微。结论 椎体放疗联合经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤能有效缓解疼痛,促进椎体畸形的纠正,安全性高,是一种值得推荐的治疗方法。     

The Role of a Navigational Radiofrequency Ablation Device and Concurrent Vertebral Augmentation for Treatment of Difficult-to-Reach Spinal Metastases

Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a navigational radiofrequency ablation device with concurrent vertebral augmentation in the treatment of posterior vertebral body metastatic lesions, which are technically difficult to access. Primary outcomes of the study were evaluation of pain palliation and radiologic assessment of local tumor control. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five patients with 41 vertebral spinal metastases involving the posterior vertebral body underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous targeted radiofrequency ablation, with a navigational radiofrequency ablation device, associated with vertebral augmentation. Twenty-one patients (60%) had 1 or 2 metastatic lesions (Group A) and fourteen (40%) patients had multiple (>2) vertebral lesions (Group B). Changes in pain severity were evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS). Metastatic lesions were evaluated in terms of radiological local control. Results: The procedure was technically successful in all the treated vertebrae. Among the symptomatic patients, the mean VAS score dropped from 5.7 (95% CI 4.9–6.5) before tRFA and to 0.9 (95% CI 0.4–1.3) after tRFA (p < 0.001). The mean decrease in VAS score between baseline and one week follow up was 4.8 (95% CI 4.2–5.4). VAS decrease over time between one week and one year following radiofrequency ablation was similar, suggesting that pain relief was immediate and durable. Neither patients with 1–2 vertebral metastases, nor those with multiple lesions, showed radiological signs of local progression or recurrence of the tumor in the index vertebrae during a median follow up of 19 months (4–46 months) and 10 months (4–37 months), respectively. Conclusion: Treatment of spinal metastases with a navigational radiofrequency ablation device and vertebral augmentation can be used to obtain local tumor control with immediate and durable pain relief, providing effective treatment in the multimodality management of difficult-to-reach spinal metastases.     

Percutaneous vertebroplasty for pain management in spinal metastasis with epidural involvement

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) has been widely used for the treatment of painful malignant lesions of the spine. Spinal metastasis with epidural involvement, with or without symptoms of neurologic compression, is regarded by some authors as a contraindication or relative contraindication to the procedure. To evaluate safety and effectiveness of PVP in pain management of spinal metastasis with epidural involvement, we retrospectively analyzed PVP in 32 patients with metastatic disease, who presented with at least one vertebral lesion with destruction of the posterior vertebral body wall or epidural extension of tumor. Among these patients, nine had signs of spinal cord or cauda equina compression. Procedural safety was evaluated by any post-procedure adverse events. The PVP analgesic efficacy was evaluated by follow-up neurological examination. Pain intensity was scored on a visual analog scale scored from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain intensity). The effective pain relief was defined as at least 50% improvement in pain score as compared with pre- procedure baseline. Follow-up assessments were performed at 1 day; 1 week; 1, 3, and 6 months after the procedure. Fifty-three vertebrae in 32 patients were treated in this group. Analgesic efficacy in survival patients was rated at 97% (31/32) at 1day and 1 week, 86.7% (26/30) at 1 month, 82.3% (24/29) at 3 months, and 76.9% (20/26) at 6 months after procedure. Leakage of PMMA was detected in 64% (33/53) treated vertebrae. No systemic complications were observed in all treated patients.     

脊柱肿瘤的手术治疗及稳定性重建

目的探讨手术治疗脊柱肿瘤的方法及术后稳定性重建问题.方法对84例脊柱肿瘤患者分别进行不同入路的刮除、切除、脊髓减压手术,通过植骨、骨水泥充填、人工椎体置换等方法进行脊柱稳定性的重建.47例恶性肿瘤患者经综合治疗后,通过缓解程度判定疗效.结果术后平均随访4年5个月,57例肿瘤切除彻底,植骨愈合良好,骨水泥及人工椎体固定牢靠,无松动移位.47例恶性肿瘤经放化综合治疗后,CR 14例,PR 16例,MR 8例,NC 9例.结论手术治疗脊柱肿瘤对抢救截瘫、缓解症状有很大意义,应根据肿瘤的性质、节段和类型选择手术治疗方式,对椎体肿瘤全切除的病例行人工椎体置换和自体植骨术联合后路固定可保持术后的脊柱稳定性.