Surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma in patients eighty years of age and older

Before 1979, no patient 80 years of age or older had been operated on at our institution for esophageal cancer, while in the middle period (1980–1984), three patients were operated on, and postoperative pulmonary complications and operative death occurred in 66.7 and 33.3%, respectively. However, in the recent period (1985–1990), there was no postoperative morbidity or mortality in the five cases over age 80. On the other hand, there were 12 patients over age 80 who did not undergo operation, of whom all died of cancer. In the eight operated patients over age 80, two cases are still alive 17 and 34 months after operation. According to the above findings, when the patient's general condition is evaluated to be sufficient to tolerate the operation and the cancer is judged to be resectable, esophageal resection is thought to be indicative in all patients over eighty. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

schloffer瘤影像学特征和病理学特征(附16例临床分析)

目的:报告schloffer瘤16例诊疗结果.方法:回溯性研究2000年-2013年本院根据病理学及影像学确诊并治疗的患者.结果:其中发生于阑尾炎术后9例,癌肿切除后4例,妇科节育手术术后1例,剖腹产术后1例,斜疝手术术后1例.B超例行检查可见特征性表现:瘢痕附近的大小不一低回声,其内有液体状回声不均.CT检查:16例中仅5例行此检查,表现为于腹壁脂肪层和/或肌层内可见片状高密度影,不与腹膜相连.结论:所有病例均为术后病理检查确诊.全部16例术后均恢复良好.本病为炎性良性腹部手术术后并发症,如及时手术预后均良好.     

乳腺癌保留乳房手术187例的临床回顾分析

目的:探讨乳腺癌保留乳房治疗的适应证、技术方法及其预后。方法:回顾分析接受保留乳房治疗的187例乳腺癌患者的临床病理资料。结果:0期17例,Ⅰ期42例,Ⅱ期120例,Ⅲ期8例,其中25例行新辅助化疗。肿瘤局部扩大切除并腋窝淋巴结清除术76例,象限切除并腋窝淋巴结清除术87例,单纯肿块局部扩大切除11例,象限切除或肿块局部扩大切除联合前哨淋巴结活检13例。术后常规行辅助放疗、化疗和内分泌治疗。随访3～87个月(中位时间29个月),局部复发率为3%(6/187),远处转移率为2%(4/187)。综合治疗结束后满半年行乳房外形评估,优良率为56%(105/187)。结论:对临床早期乳腺癌及部分经新辅助化疗降期后的局部进展期乳腺癌进行保留乳房综合治疗,可以取得与乳房切除相同的临床疗效。     

Selective use of drains in thyroid surgery

In the past, it was generally advised that every patient undergoing thyroid surgery have a drain placed because of the fear of post-operative hematoma. In the past 9 year, we have performed 400 thyroidectomies. For the first 6 years, we drained the operative site in most of thyroid procedures. However, it was apparent from our experience that drains had very little effect on the prevention of post-operative hematoma or of seroma. As a matter of fact, all four patients who required re-exploration in our initial series had drains in place. As a result of this experience over the past 3 years, during which time we have performed 150 thyroidectomies, we have used drains selectively. The indications for draining for a large substernal goiter, and subtotal thyroidectomy for either large, multinodular goiter or for Graves' disease. Thus, among 150 recent thyroidectomies, we have drained only 35, and avoided drains in 115 patients. Though this is not a prospective study, we found no difference in the overall outcome whether drains were employed or not. Most patients who had no drains were ready for discharge within 24-48 hours of surgery. Since it may be difficult to perform a randomized prospective trial examining the use of drains in thyroid surgery, we propose that drains should be utilized only selectively for thyroid surgery. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

经左胸和胸腹腔镜联合食管癌术后并发膈疝的诊治和预防

目的分析经左胸和胸腹腔镜联合食管癌术后膈疝的发生原因和临床特点,讨论其诊断防治方法。方法回顾性分析10例食管癌术后发生膈疝的临床资料。结果术后早期并发膈疝5例（术后1个月内）,远期5例（术后1-11年）。其中1例结肠穿孔,行结肠造口术,术后死于呼吸衰竭;6例经手术治愈;1例放弃手术治疗;2例无明显症状,未予手术治疗。结论食管癌术后膈疝是一种少见而严重的并发症,经左胸径路和胸腹腔镜联合经右胸径路均可发生,其发生与手术操作不当、微创技术的应用导致腹膜粘连减少、术后腹压增加及患者自身体质等因素有关,重在预防,早期诊断、及时手术是防止肠坏死、减少死亡率的有效方法。     

Two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the esophagus

We have devised a two-stage operation for poor-risk patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. The first-stage operation consists of a right thoracotomy, subtotal esophagectomy, and lymph node dissection. Two to three weeks later, the second-stage operation of esophageal reconstruction with gastric tube is performed under laparotomy. During this 3-week period of no esophagus, the nutritional status can be adequately maintained by intravenous hyperalimentation. We describe herein the technique, postoperative complications, and mortality of our two-stage operation as compared with events during an ordinary one-stage operation for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.     

Risk factors for short- and long-term complications after groin surgery in vulvar cancer

Background:

The cornerstone of treatment in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva is surgery, predominantly consisting of wide local excision with elective uni- or bi-lateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. This strategy is associated with a good prognosis, but also with impressive treatment-related morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors for the short-term (wound breakdown, infection and lymphocele) and long-term (lymphoedema and cellulitis/erysipelas) complications after groin surgery as part of the treatment of vulvar SCC.

Methods:

Between January 1988 and June 2009, 164 consecutive patients underwent an inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy as part of their surgical treatment for vulvar SCC at the Department of Gynaecologic Oncology at the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre. The clinical and histopathological data were retrospectively analysed.

Results:

Multivariate analysis showed that older age, diabetes, ‘en bloc'' surgery and higher drain production on the last day of drain in situ gave a higher risk of developing short-term complications. Younger age and lymphocele gave higher risk of developing long-term complications. Higher number of lymph nodes dissected seems to protect against developing any long-term complications.

Conclusion:

Our analysis shows that patient characteristics, extension of surgery and postoperative management influence short- and/or long-term complications after inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar SCC patients. Further research of postoperative management is necessary to analyse possibilities to decrease the complication rate of inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy; although the sentinel lymph node procedure appears to be a promising technique, in ∼50% of the patients an inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy is still indicated.     

Complications of infection and immunologic status after surgery for patients with esophageal cancer

Correlations between defective cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and infections following surgery for esophageal cancer were evaluated. Peripheral lymphocytes, T cells, B cells, PHA transformation, and PPD skin test were measured in 81 patients with esophageal cancer, 58 with gastric cancer, and 50 healthy controls. The depression of CMI was predominant to a similar extent in patients with esophageal cancer and in those with gastric cancer. The average level of PHA transformation immediately before surgery was significantly lower in the esophageal cancer patients with fatal septic complications than in those without such problems. Although preoperative radiation therapy markedly depressed the levels of the four parameters, this association was also noted in 28 patients not given radiation. It thus appears that PHA transformation may be valuable in the prediction of fatal septic complications after major surgery in patients with esophageal cancer.     

老年胃癌198例临床分析

分析和总结了老年胃癌的临床特点。结果 198例老年胃癌患者 ,14 8例患有高血压、心脏病、糖尿病等老年人常见病。术后并发症 5 1例次 ,死亡 9例。手术前有共存病者 ,术后并发症的发生率为 2 5 63 % ;手术前无共存病者 ,术后并发症的发生率为 12 5 0 % ,两者差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 0 1。初步研究结果提示 ,加强围手术期处理 ,可提高手术的安全性 ,减少并发症的发生。     

食管癌、贲门癌手术后并发症治疗体会（附106例）

目的：探讨食管癌、贲门癌切除术后并发症的防治。方法：1984年5月至2008年5月手术治疗825例食管癌、贲门癌,回顾分析发生各类并发症共106例的临床资料。结果：106例中吻合口瘘24例;急性呼吸衰竭20例;乳糜胸6例;脓胸32例;心血管系统并发症18例;膈疝6例;治愈94例,死亡12例。结论：食管癌、贲门癌切除术创伤大,术后并发症及死亡率较高,其中以吻合口瘘及循环、呼吸系统并发症多而严重。     

247例子宫颈癌根治术的并发症分析

背景与目的:手术是治疗早期宫颈癌的主要手段,术前辅助放疗及化疗能提高手术切除率,改善手术质量.本文回顾性分析宫颈癌根治术后的并发症及其相关因素,探讨其防治措施,以减少并发症,提高患者生活质量.材料与方法:收集2000年1月至2006年12月间经病理证实且资料完整的子宫颈癌患者247例,所有病例均行子宫颈癌根治术(广泛性子官切除术加盆腔淋巴结清扫术),根据病情130例行术前腔内放疗,其中52例患者在术前腔内放疗同时行一个疗程化疗. 结果:247例手术并发症主要为尿潴留,淋巴囊肿,泌尿系感染,发生率分别为24.7%、7.69%、8.50%.术前辅助放疗和(或)化疗者与术前无辅助治疗的上述3种手术并发症发生率分别为23.1%/26.5%、6.93%/8.55%、10.77%/5.99%,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).247例患者术中平均出血量约(470 ±37.45)ml,术前辅助放疗和(或)化疗者与术前无辅助治疗术中平均出血量分别为(490.74±47.67)ral及(438±61.38)ml,差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05). 结论:宫颈癌根治术后并发症主要为尿潴留,淋巴囊肿,泌尿系感染.术前辅助腔内后装放疗及化疗不增加手术出血量以及术后并发症.     

肺功能中度减退的肺癌患者术后并发症分析

Objective： To analyze the tolerance of lung cancer patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction to open-chest operation. Methods： The postoperative complications of 31 patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction （study group） and 62 patients with normal pulmonary function （control group） were reviewed. Statistical t test and χ^2 test were set to examine the data, and logistic regression was performed to find the associated factors. Results： In patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction, hypoxemia （41.9%）, arrhythmia and cardiac dysfunction （25.8%）, and pulmonary inflammation （25.8%） were common postoperative complications, and respiratory failure and cardiac failure （9.2%） severe complications. In-hospital mortality rate was 3.2%. In the control group, the incidence of the above 4 postoperative complications was 16.1%, 8.1%, 9.6% and 3.2% accordingly, and no case died in hospital. Regression analysis showed that age and resection range were associated with the occurrence of the complications. Conclusion： Common postoperative complications （hypoxemia） in patients with moderate pulmonary hypofunction are remarkably higher than those in control group, but severe complications and in-hospital mortality rate are not significantly high. Patients with older age and larger resection range undergo higher complication rate.     

腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域切除与传统手术的比较

目的:比较腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤区域切除术与腮腺浅叶切除术的并发症与疗效,为合理选择术式提供依据。方法:回顾性分析85例腮腺浅叶良性肿瘤患者,分别采用腮腺区域切除术与腮腺浅叶切除术,随访1-3年,比较并发症与肿瘤复发情况。结果:行腮腺区域切除术41例,术后面部凹陷畸形不明显,发生暂时性面瘫4例（9.8%）,局部积液5例（12.2%）。腮腺浅叶切除术44例,术后凹陷畸形较明显,发生暂时性面瘫13例（29.5%）,局部积液14例（31.8%）,2例涎漏。两种手术方式患者在随访期间均未复发。结论:与传统腮腺术式相比,功能性区域切除术不增加复发率,且可减少术后并发症的发生。但肿瘤直径大于3cm建议行腮腺浅叶切除术。     

非小细胞肺癌术后并发症的危险因素分析和预防措施

目的研究非小细胞肺癌术后并发症的危险因素并提出预防措施。方法收集我院2010年2月至2011年10月接受手术治疗的324例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,分析术后并发症及相关危险因素。结果术后30天内死亡6例（1．85％）,术后并发症74例（22．8％）。单因素分析结果显示：年龄〉70岁的患者术后并发症的发生率明显高于年龄〈70岁的患者（P〈0．05）,有并发症患者合并基础疾病的概率大于无并发症患者（P〈0．05）,有并发症患者的FEV。％小于无并发症患者（P〈0．05）,有并发症患者的吸烟指数〉400支／年的比例明显高于无并发症患者（P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果：年龄〉70岁（OR=17．627,P=0．001）、吸烟指数〉400支／年（OR=12．138,P=0．006）、合并基础疾病（OR=8．128,P=0．013）、全肺切除术（OR=11．267,P=0．007）和FEV。％（OR=10．897,P=0．008）等因素是非小细胞肺癌术后并发症的危险因素。结论年龄〉70岁、吸烟≥400支／年、合并基础疾病、全肺切除、FEV．。％是非小细胞肺癌术后并发症发生的危险因素。