EGFR-TKI联合COX-2抑制剂抑制肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖及其机制

目的:研究表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor,EGFR-TKI)吉非替尼联合环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)抑制剂塞来昔布对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法:实验设空白对照组、吉非替尼组、塞来昔布组、吉非替尼+塞来昔布组。倒置相差显微镜下观察A549细胞形态变化,MTT法检测A549细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测A549细胞周期及凋亡,Western blotting检测A549细胞中EGFR、p-EGFR、COX-2的表达。结果:吉非替尼和塞来昔布均可抑制A549细胞的增殖,可见细胞活性下降,G1期细胞阻滞及细胞凋亡增加;联合用药较单药组A549细胞活性下降更明显,G1期阻滞细胞增加,且细胞凋亡增加。吉非替尼或塞来昔布作用前后A549细胞EGFR表达无变化,但联合用药组p-EGFR及COX-2的表达较单药组显著下降。结论:吉非替尼联合塞来昔布可抑制人肺腺癌A549细胞的增殖,其机制可能与抑制EGFR的活化及下调COX-2的表达有关。     

大黄素逆转非小细胞肺癌EGFR-TKI耐药的机制研究

目的 探讨大黄素逆转非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR TKI）耐药的作用机制。方法 应用持续诱导的方法构建NSCLC EGFR-TKI耐药细胞株HCC827／GR;应用MTS法检测大黄素（30μmol／L）、吉非替尼（1μmol／L）及两药联合处理HCC827和HCC827／GR细胞48h后细胞增殖能力的变化;应用Western blotting法检测HCC827和 HCC827／GR细胞中p EGFR、p-AKT、p-ERK1／2及p-MET蛋白表达水平的变化。结果 MTS法检测结果显示,经单药吉非替尼或大黄素处理后,HCC827／GR细胞增殖能力未减弱,而两药联合处理组的细胞增殖能力明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Western blotting检测结果显示,HCC827、HCC827／GR细胞中p-EGFR、p-ERK1/2明显表达,而p-AKT表达微弱;HCC827／GR 中p-MET表达水平较HCC827明显上调。经单药吉非替尼处理后,HCC827细胞株p-EGFR、p-ERK1/2表达水平下调,HCC827／GR细胞株p-EGFR表达明显下调;大黄素可显著下调HCC827／GR细胞株p-MET表达,但对p-EGFR、p-ERK1/2的表达无影响;而大黄素与吉非替尼两药联用可明显抑制HCC827／GR细胞株p-EGFR、p-ERK1/2以及p-MET的表达。结论 大黄素可以逆转NSCLC EGFR-TKI耐药,可能是通过抑制c-Met的活化来实现。     

阻断表皮生长因子受体和环氧合酶-2信号途径对肺腺癌细胞的抗增殖作用

目的:探讨表皮生长因子受体抑制剂吉非替尼(gefitinib)联合新型环氧合酶2（cyclooxygenase2, COX2）抑制剂塞来昔布(celecoxib)对肺腺癌A549细胞株的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法:肺腺癌A549细胞培养于RPMI 1640 培养液中,实验分为正常对照组、吉非替尼5 μmol/L组、塞来昔布25 μmol/L组、吉非替尼5 μmol/L加塞来昔布25 μmol/L组。药物干预细胞48 h后,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态学变化,锥虫蓝拒染法检测药物对细胞生长的影响,Annexin V/PI法和Hoechst33258染色法检测细胞凋亡,流式细胞术检测药物作用周期,免疫荧光和Realtime PCR法检测EGFR、COX2蛋白的表达及EGFR mRNA的表达情况。结果:吉非替尼联合塞来昔布组相比单药组,A549 细胞明显出现大量颗粒和空泡,细胞变圆并开始脱落。吉非替尼与塞来昔布单药对A549细胞抑制作用具有时间和剂量依赖性,加药48 h时吉非替尼（5 μmol/L）联合塞来昔布（25 μmol/L）组抑制率为(58.2±4.6)%,明显高于单药组（P<0.01）。联合用药组A549细胞凋亡率明显高于单独用药组（33.9% vs 6.0%,8.8%）,其S期细胞明显减少、G0/G1期明显增加（P<0.01）;EGFR、COX2蛋白的表达明显减弱（P<005）,EGFR mRNA相对表达量（028±0.05）明显高于单独用药组（P<0.05）。结论:吉非替尼和塞来昔布联合对肺腺癌A549 细胞增殖的抑制具有明显协同作用,其可能机制是诱导凋亡、增强G0/G1期阻滞和进步下调活化的EGFR与COX2的表达。     

MAPK/ERK通路及泛素连接酶c-Cbl调控埃克替尼抑制肺癌HCC827细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的研究

目的:研究MAPK/ERK通路及泛素连接酶c-Cbl调控埃克替尼抑制HCC827细胞增殖和诱导细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法:采用MTT法检测HCC827对埃克替尼的敏感性,AnnexinV-PI流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡,Westernblot检测相关蛋白表达,SPSS18.0进行统计学分析。结果:埃克替尼处理HCC827细胞24h的IC50为155.6μmol/L。埃克替尼诱导HCC827细胞早期凋亡并具有剂量依赖性。Westernblot结果显示埃克替尼可诱导p-EGFR和p-ERK下调并引起c-Cbl下调。结论:埃克替尼能够明显抑制HCC827细胞增殖,诱导细胞早期凋亡。其机制可能与c-Cbl参与的p-EGFR和p-ERK蛋白表达水平下调,从而抑制细胞增殖通路活化有关。     

抗EGFR单抗联合EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对人肺腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制

目的:目前抗表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR)的小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂吉非替尼(gefitinib)和抗EGFR单克隆抗体西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)在肺癌的临床应用中颇为广泛.鉴于这两种药物均针对EGFR分子靶点,因此本研究旨在就上述两种药物联合用药对人肺腺癌细胞凋亡的影响及其分子机制进行探讨.方法:吉非替尼和西妥昔单抗单独或联合用药作用于人肺腺癌细胞株A549和SPC-A-1后,用碘化丙啶标记,采用流式细胞术观察细胞凋亡情况,活细胞计数试剂盒测定各组细胞增殖抑制情况,Western印迹法检测两种药物对EGFR下游信号通路蛋白[磷酸化蛋白激酶B(phosphorylated Akt, p-Akt)、磷酸化EGFR(phosphorylated EGFR,p-EGFR)和磷酸化丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase, p-MAPK)]在蛋白水平表达的影响.结果:吉非替尼或西妥昔单抗单独作用后,A549和SPC-A-1细胞均明显凋亡,同时细胞增殖受到不同程度的抑制.Western印迹法检测p-Akt、p-EGFR和p-MAPK蛋白表达量均较不用药对照组下降.吉非替尼和西妥昔单抗联合作用后,肺腺癌细胞的凋亡、增殖以及在EGFR分子层次表现出较单一用药更为显著的作用.结论:吉非替尼和西妥昔单抗两种药物之间具有良好的协同作用,联合用药可能在临床治疗非小细胞肺癌中具有较大的应用潜力.     

塞来昔布联合IL-24武装的溶瘤腺病毒抗膀胱癌作用的体外研究

 目的：评估塞来昔布联合ZD55-IL-24对尿路上皮细胞癌T24的选择性杀伤效能。 方法：荧光显微镜观察ZD55-EGFP对细胞的转染效率。RT-PCR法测IL-24 mRNA在细胞中的表达。MTT法测塞来昔布联合 ZD55-IL-24对肿瘤细胞选择性抑制作用。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。 结果： ZD55-EGFP感染细胞后,在相同时间下T24中的荧光强度明显高于正常细胞。ZD55-IL-24转然后在相同时间下T24中IL-24mRNA表达量均高于HUVEC（t=-12.54,P<0.01）。ZD55-IL-24与塞来昔布联合用药对T24的抑制率最高（P<0.01）。T24细胞各组的抑制率也明显高于HUVEC组（F＝251.35,P<0.01）。联合用药组的细胞凋亡率也明显高于单用药组;T24细胞组凋亡率明显高于HUVEC组（P<0.001）。 结论：塞来昔布与ZD55-IL-24联合用药能最大程度地抑制T24细胞的增殖而对正常细胞影响轻微。这种抑制作用可能与细胞凋亡有关。     

5-aza-CdR增强吉非替尼对人非小细胞肺癌细胞株H1650敏感性机制的研究

目的:探讨EGFR基因启动子甲基化水平与人非小细胞肺癌细胞株H1650对吉非替尼敏感性之间的关系。方法:5-aza-CdR和吉非替尼单独或联合用药作用于H1650细胞株后,应用甲基化特异性PCR法检测EGFR基因启动子区甲基化状态;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖率;流式细胞仪技术检测细胞凋亡率变化;蛋白质印迹法和实时荧光定量PCR法检测EGFR蛋白和mRNA的表达情况。结果:5-aza-CdR可去除H1650细胞EGFR基因启动子区甲基化;CCK-8法检测结果显示,H1650对吉非替尼的敏感性较差,5-aza-CdR去甲基化后联合运用吉非替尼处理72h,联合用药组IC50为(2.93±0.95)μmol/L,与吉非替尼组(14.53±1.13)μmol/L、5-aza-CdR组(4.91±1.42)μmol/L比较显著降低,P<0.05;流式细胞仪技术结果显示,联合用药组细胞凋亡率为(83.62±4.3)%,与吉非替尼组(20.29±2.9)%、5-aza-CdR组(25.73±7.5)%比较,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05;蛋白质印迹法和实时荧光定量PCR法结果显示,吉非替尼与5-aza-CdR联合用药干预72h后细胞EGFR蛋白和mRNA表达显著下降,与单药组相比,具有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:EGFR基因启动子区甲基化可能是非小细胞肺癌细胞株H1650对吉非替尼获得性耐药的机制之一。     

塞来昔布对人脑微血管内皮细胞放射后凋亡及释放PGI2和TXA2影响

目的 探讨塞来昔布对人脑微血管内皮细胞(HBMECs)放射后释放PGI₂、TXA₂及凋亡影响。方法 细胞按空白、接受X射线、塞来昔布联合X射线分为对照组、单纯照射组、联合组,采用CCK-8、克隆形成实验测定塞来昔布对HBMECs毒性及放射敏感性影响。于照后6、12、24、48 h时间点进行实验。ELISA检测培养液6-keto-PGF_1α、TXB₂含量及计算TXB2/6-keto-PGF_1α比值,AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染法测定细胞凋亡率,蛋白印迹法检测蛋白表达情况。配对t检验差异。结果30 μmol/L塞来昔布浓度下联合组未见明显放射增敏效应(SER=0.96);与对照组相比,两组TXB2/6-keto-PGF_1α比值升高(P<0.05),凋亡率升高(P<0.05),Cox-2、P-JNK、Cleaved caspase-3表达增加;与单纯放射组比较,联合组TXB2/6-keto-PGF_1α比值降低(P<0.05),凋亡率降低(P<0.05),Cox-2及P-JNK、Cleaved caspase-3表达降低。结论 塞来昔布能减少放射后HBMECs释放TXB₂,降低TXB2/6-keto-PGF_1α比值,抑制细胞凋亡,抗凋亡机制与抑制Cox-2及P-JNK、Cleaved caspase-3表达有关。     

肺岩宁方联合吉非替尼抑制肺癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞H1975生长及其作用机制

目的 观察肺岩宁方联合吉非替尼对肺腺癌裸鼠移植瘤细胞H1975生长的影响并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 成功建立H1975细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型后,随机分为模型组、吉非替尼组、肺岩宁方组及联合用药组,每组10只,分别用相应药物干预4周,检测肿瘤体积、瘤重、体重等,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,计算肿瘤抑制率;应用TNUEL法检测移植瘤细胞凋亡;应用Westernblot法检测EGFR-PI3K/AKT信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果 各组的抑瘤率模型组为0,吉非替尼组21.91%,肺岩宁方组25.11%,联合用药组53.28%;各组移植瘤组织中肿瘤细胞的凋亡率分别为模型组（15.11±1.6）%,吉非替尼组（26.64±0.69）%,肺岩宁方组（28.88±1.61）%,联合用药组（55.06±2.39）%。联合用药组与模型组及单用吉非替尼、肺岩宁方相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Western blot结果显示肺岩宁方联合吉非替尼在不影响EGFR、AKT、mTOR总蛋白表达的情况下,可显著下调p-EGFR、p-AKT、p-mTOR水平。结论 肺岩宁方联合吉非替尼可显著抑制H1975肺癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与阻断EGFR-PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

西妥昔单抗联合塞来昔布对肺腺癌细胞KDR和AQP1表达的影响

背景与目的新辅助化疗是肺癌治疗的新进展,西妥昔单和合塞来昔布均是近年来新辅助化疗的常用药物,本研究旨在探讨表皮生长因子受体(epithelial growth factor receptor,EGFR)单克隆抗体西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)联合环氧合酶2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)抑制剂塞来昔布对肺腺癌A549细胞株凋亡和KDR、AQP1表达的影响。方法 A549细胞培养于RPMI-1640培养液中,实验分为正常对照组、西妥昔单抗1 nmol/L组、塞来昔布25μmol/L组、西妥昔单抗1 nmol/L+塞来昔布25μmol/L组。药物干预细胞48 h后,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法测定细胞抑制率;采用流式细胞术测定细胞周期分布的变化;用Transwell小室法检测药物处理前后细胞侵袭力的变化。采用RTPCR、Western blot检测KDR、AQP1基因和蛋白的表达情况。结果西妥昔单抗和塞来昔布对A549细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用,两制剂联合作用时抑制作用更强(P<0.01)。西妥昔单抗和塞来昔布均可诱导细胞凋亡,联合作用后细胞凋亡率更高(P<0.01);联合用药与单独用药相比,可使细胞发生明显的G1期阻滞(P<0.01),进一步下调了KDR、AQP1基因和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),细胞侵袭力明显降低。结论西妥昔单抗和塞来昔布联合应用具有协同作用,可进一步抑制细胞的生长和迁移,下调了KDR、AQP1基因和蛋白的表达提示两药联合使用临床肺癌治疗可能具有很大的潜力。     

Schwannomas of Head and Neck and Review of Literature

Benign nerve cell tumours have been given various names like schwannoma, neurilemmoma, neurinoma, neurofibroma, spindle cell tumours etc. Extra cranial head and neck schwannomas usually present as solitary and well-demarcated lesions. The lesion can cause secondary symptoms, such as nasal obstruction, dysphasia, and hoarseness, depending upon the location of the lesion. Fine needle aspiration cytology, CT scans, and MRI may be of limited help in the diagnosis of schwannomas. The treatment is complete surgical excision of the benign tumour and postoperative histopathological examination establishes the final diagnosis.     

A comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancerA comparative study of knowledge and awareness of colorectal and breast cancer

Aims: To assess and compare knowledge and awareness of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in a sample of the general population. Methods: Eleven hundred visitors to six different outpatient clinics, in a University Hospital, were given a study-specific questionnaire, based on educational material from the British Association of Cancer United Patients (CancerBACUP). The questionnaire consisted of 12 statements on the incidence, presentation, detection, treatment and prognosis of colorectal and breast cancer. Results: One thousand and sixty-eight individuals returned the questionnaire. One thousand and four completed questionnaires were analysed. The mean age (SD) of respondents was 50.1 (17.2) years, and the male to female ratio was 2:3. Respondents had read more about breast than about colorectal cancer (60.3%vs 32.4%,P <0.0001, McNemar's test). The proportion of correct answers for each statement on breast cancer was higher than for answers to corresponding items on colorectal cancer. Mean overall scores (95% CI) for breast and colorectal cancer were 88.1 (86.9, 89.2) and 64.4 (62.5, 66.3) respectively, the mean difference (95% CI) being 23.7 (22.0, 25.5). Scores were higher for breast cancer irrespective of age or gender. Conclusion: There is a low level of understanding of colorectal cancer in the general population when compared to breast cancer. This highlights the importance of public education in this common cancer.     

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftibuten and Cefaclor in the Treatment of Pneumonia and Bronchiectasis

Summary

In a multicentre, international study of 187 adult patients with bacterial pneumonia or bronchiectasis, the safety and efficacy of a regimen of 200 mg ceftibuten administered twice-daily was compared with cefaclor given in a dosage of 500 mg three times a day. Of the 94 evaluable patients, 66 received ceftibuten and 28 received cefaclor. The overall bacteriological response was similar in the two treatment groups with elimination of the original pathogen in 91% and 89% of the patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively. The overall clinical response mirrored the bacteriological results with a successful clinical outcome in 92% of ceftibuten-treated patients compared with 93% in patients receiving cefaclor. Adverse experiences were, in general, few and mild, being reported in 8% and 17% of patients receiving ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively.     

甲状腺手术的技巧及副损伤的预防和处置

鉴于甲状腺手术是普外科的常见手术，为求其日渐完美，以有益于病人，现根据作者的体会，并结合阅读相关文献，就其手术操作、喉返神经处理、甲状旁腺处理进行扼要阐述。     

Cytologic classification of precancer and cancer of the endometrium and esophagus and of malignant lymphomas

The paper discusses cytological classifications of precancer and cancer of the endometrium, esophagus and malignant lymphomas presented by cytologists from five Soviet research institutes of oncology. The classifications were based on the data of 4400 cases in conformity with WHO histologic classifications.     

Quality of life and care in leukemia,myeloma and non-malignant disease. Opinions of patients and relatives,and effects of geography and time

In a questionnaire study 140 subjects answered 4200 questions in 1980 and 1986. They consisted of patients with myeloma, acute leukemia, lung carcinoma, and non-malignant disease and their relatives. In 22 additional cases the questionnaire was not answered. The results show that myeloma patients are less content with the general care than leukemia patients (P < 0.05). Similarly, relatives of deceased myeloma patients are less satisfied with the information given to them than relatives of deceased leukemia patients (P < 0.001). The information has improved with time, however, since the patients were more satisfied in 1986 than in 1980 (P < 0.001) and relatives of myeloma patients still alive were more satisfied than relatives of patients who had died earlier (P < 0.001).     

miRNA与肿瘤侵袭转移

目前,microRNA (miRNA)已成为肿瘤研究中最基本的参与者,主要通过与靶标基因3 'UTR(非翻译区)的完全或不完全配对,降解靶标基因mRNA或抑制其翻译,从而参与调控个体发育、细胞凋亡、增殖及分化等生命活动.miRNA作为调控基因表达的重要分子在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用越来越受到重视,表明miRNA在肿瘤侵袭和转移中的作用机制具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新方法.本文就miRNA通过调控上皮间质转化及肿瘤干细胞导致肿瘤侵袭转移的最新研究进展作一综述.     

芦荟大黄素及芦荟提取物的诱变性和抗诱变性

目的:用L5178Y小鼠淋巴瘤细胞体外微核试验评价芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物的诱变和抗诱变作用,为其安全性评价提供依据。方法:设溶剂对照、阳性对照和抗诱变对照,芦荟大黄素和芦荟提取物诱变和抗诱变试验各设4个剂量组,处理L5178Y细胞12 h后按常规方法进行体外微核试验分析。结果:较高浓度(6.67μg/ml)的芦荟大黄素可致微核细胞率增加,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而芦荟提取物未见此效应。在一定剂量范围内,芦荟大黄素(0.22～6μg/ml)和芦荟提取物(20～180μg/ml)对甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)所致微核细胞率均有一定程度的拮抗作用,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:芦荟大黄素具有一定的诱变作用,而在本实验剂量范围内的芦荟提取物未见遗传毒性。两种受试物在一定范围内均能较好地拮抗MMS所致的染色体损伤。     

Purification and characterization of protease enzymes of Basidiobolus and Conidiobolus species

Summary. The protease enzymes produced by one strain of each of Basidiobolus haptosporus, B. ranarum and Conidiobolus coronatus were purified by precipitation and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The enzymes prepared were characterized in terms of their specific activities and temperature and pH optima as well as their molecular weights. All three fungi produced one protease of 23 000 Da molecular weight. Conidiobolus coronatus additionally secreted a second protease of 32 000 Da molecular weight.
Zusammenfassung. Die von je einem Stamm von Basidiobolus haptosporas, B. ranarum und Conidiobolus coronatus produzitrten Proteasen wurden über Präzipitation und Sephadex G-100-Gelfiltrations-chromatographie gereinigt. Die dargestellten Enzyme wurden dann hinsichtlich ihrer spezifischen Aktivität, ihrer Temperatur- und pH-Optima sowie ihres Molekulargewichts charakterisiert. Alle drei Stämme produzierten eine Protease von 23 000 Da Molekulargewicht. Conidiobolus coronatus sezenierte zusätzlich eine zweite Protease von 32 000 Da Molekulargewicht.