2003～2013年某肿瘤专科医院肝细胞癌肿瘤分期及首次治疗方法调查分析

目的 分析广西某三级甲等肿瘤专科医院近10年肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）肿瘤分期和首次治疗方法的构成比。方法 回顾性分析该院2003年1月至2013年10月收治首诊的HCC患者资料,参考巴塞罗那临床肝癌分期系统（Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer,BCLC）,分析HCC各分期以及首次治疗方式所占比例。结果 共6 241例HCC患者纳入分析,其中BCLC-0/A期、B期、C期、D期HCC患者所占比例依次为28.9%、16.2%、53.6%、1.3%。所有患者中,接受肝切除术、介入治疗、放射治疗、消融治疗、全身系统化疗、中医中药治疗、靶向药物治疗和未治疗的患者依次占33.3%、36.7%、2.2%、0.9%、8.8%、4.2%、0.1%、13.8%。在BCLC-0/A期和B期HCC患者中,肝切除术是主要的治疗方式,而在BCLC-C期患者中,主要的治疗方式是介入治疗。结论 该院BCLC-B期和C期HCC患者比重大,肝切除术和介入治疗是主要的治疗方式。     

六种分期系统预测AFP阴性肝细胞癌患者术后预后价值的比较

目的 比较巴塞罗那肝癌分期（BCLC）、中国肝癌分期（CNLC）、TNM分期系统、日本整体分期评分系统（JIS）、意大利肝脏肿瘤评分（CLIP）和奥田邦雄分期系统（Okuda）在血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）阴性肝细胞癌（HCC）患者术后预后预测中的价值。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年12月在广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院肝胆胰脾外科行肝切除术治疗并符合入组标准的AFP阴性HCC患者临床病理资料。患者按照BCLC、CNLC、TNM、JIS、CLIP、Okuda分期系统进行分期,并接受随访。采用时间依赖的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线、log-rank检验、似然比检验比较6个分期系统的区分度、分层能力及预测价值。结果 CNLC预测HCC患者术后总生存率的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.682,以Ⅱb期为切点,对应的灵敏度为0.655,特异度为0.691;CNLC分期预测1、3、5年生存率的AUC分别为0.670（95%CI：0.603~0.738）、0.575（95%CI：0.441~0.708）、0.689（95%CI：0.407~0.971）,优于其他分期系统（均P<0.05）。Log-rank检验显示,6个分期系统均有较好的危险分层能力。似然比检验显示,CNLC预测总生存率的价值最高（χ2=39.575,P=0.011）。结论 在6个分期系统中,CNLC分期是预测AFP阴性HCC患者术后预后的最佳分期系统。     

以生存期比较并评价原发性肝癌新、旧临床分期

目的:以生存期比较原发性肝癌新、旧临床分期并评价。方法:回顾性调查 317例住院或随访死亡的原发性肝癌,按新、旧分期和不同治法,分别比较总的和不同治法的中位生存期。结果:无论新、旧分期Ⅱa Ⅱb或Ⅱ期之生存期均明显长于Ⅲa Ⅲb或Ⅲ期,但Ⅱa Ⅱb与Ⅱ期,Ⅲa Ⅲb与Ⅲ期间无明显差异。新分期中生存期依次为Ⅱa>Ⅱb>Ⅲa>Ⅲb期,其中Ⅱa与Ⅱb期无明显差异,余组间均有明显差异。从治疗方法上看,无论新、旧分期Ⅱa Ⅱb或Ⅱ期、Ⅲa Ⅲb或Ⅲ期生存期均依次为介入治疗组>全身化疗组 >对症治疗组,其中介入治疗组明显长于对症治疗组,但余组间以及新、旧分期之各组间均无明显差异。结论:原发性肝癌新、旧分期从中位生存期角度上看并无明显优劣之分。新分期中Ⅱa与Ⅱb期以最大直径≤5 /10cm或 >5 /10cm等来区分的提法,值得商榷。从内科治疗上看,无论新、旧分期之Ⅱa Ⅱb或Ⅱ期,Ⅲa Ⅲb或Ⅲ期都应根据病情尽量采取介入治疗,以达到延长生存期之目的。     

巴塞罗那肝癌临床分期B期肝细胞性肝癌手术与TACE疗效比较

  目的  比较肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)巴塞罗那肝癌临床(BCLC)分期B期患者行肝切除术及经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗的疗效。  方法  回顾性分析2003年1月至2006年8月共222例BCLC B期、Child-PughA级HCC患者的生存资料, 采用t检验及秩和检验进行组间比较, 采用Cox模型分析危险因素, Kaplan-Meier曲线法分析总生存率。  结果  222例患者中, 肝切除术治疗118例, TACE治疗104例。肝切除术组患者的1、3、5年总生存率分别为76%、46%、37%, 中位生存期为29个月; TACE组患者的总生存率分别为53%、19%、7%, 中位生存期为11个月(P < 0.05)。Cox回归模型提示治疗方式TACE是影响预后的危险因素。  结论  肝切除术较TACE治疗可能更能提高BCLC B期、Child-Pugh A级HCC患者的总生存率。BCLC B期HCC的治疗方式应该按不同的亚组行更为细致的划分。      

肝切除术治疗BCLC—B期／C期肝细胞性肝癌患者的生存获益较佳

肝切除术（hepaticresection,HR）在肝细胞性肝癌（hepatocellularcarcinoma,HCC）根治性治疗中应用最广。在HCC的各种临床分期系统中,应用最广泛的是巴塞罗那临床肝癌（barcelonacliniclivercancer,BCLC）分期系统,欧洲肝脏研究协会和美国肝病研究协会指南的制订正是基于这一系统。这些指南推荐,HR仅适用于早期HCC,而对于中晚期HCC患者则更适合于经肝动脉化疗栓塞（transarterialchemoembolization,TACE）治疗。     

不同中国肝癌分期患者肝癌根治性切除术后的临床疗效差异与预后影响因素

目的 分析不同中国肝癌分期(CNLC)患者肝癌根治性切除术后的临床疗效差异与预后影响因素。方法回顾性选取125例肝细胞癌(HCC)患者，收集患者一般信息、实验室检测指标[谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)]及病理学检查结果。术后进行3年随访，并依据随访生存与否分为生存组、死亡组。统计患者3年总生存率(OS),比较不同CNLC分期HCC患者3年OS,采用多因素Logistic回归方法对预后影响因素进行分析。结果 125例HCC患者3年OS为67.20%(84/125),其中CNLCⅠa期患者的3年OS高于Ⅰb期、Ⅱa期、Ⅱb期、Ⅲa期、Ⅲb期患者，Ⅰb期患者3年OS高于Ⅲa期、Ⅲb期患者，有统计学差异(P<0.05)。死亡组肿瘤数目多发、肿瘤破裂、低分化及血管侵犯患者占比高于生存组，死亡组ALT、AST、AFP水平高于生存组，有统计学差异(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示，肿瘤多发、肿瘤破裂、低分化、血管侵犯、ALT、AST、AFP为影响患者预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05且OR≥1)。结论 不同CNLC分期HCC患者术后OS差异...     

第 6 版与第 7 版 TNM 分期对胃癌患者预后预测的比较分析

目的：分析胃癌第7版TNM分期的临床应用价值.方法：对比分析874例胃癌术后患者第6版和7版TNM分期 与预后的关系.结果：第6版Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱ、Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ期的5年生存率分别为98.1%、83.0%、56.5%、26.6%、20.6%和14.1%,差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）;第7版Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅲc、Ⅳ期的5年生存率分别为98.1%、86.8%、80.4%、60.0%、40.6%、24.5%、15.4% 和0,差异有统计学意义 （P=0.000）.第6版Ⅱ期细分为第7版Ⅱa、Ⅱb和Ⅲa期,5年生存率差异有统计学意义（P=0.005）;第6版Ⅳ期细分为第7版Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅲc和Ⅳ期,5年生存率差异有统计学意义（P=0.017）.第7版Ⅲ期增加最多,Ⅰ期减少最多.结论：第7版TNM分期更加详细,能够准确预测胃癌的预后.     

非手术治疗胸段食管癌临床分期与预后关系的初步探讨

目的探讨非手术治疗胸段食管癌临床分期与预后的相关性,为放射 化疗的综合治疗方案的选择提供参考标准。方法对单纯放射治疗的500例中晚期胸段食管癌进行回顾性分析。根据食管钡餐X线片病变长度、CT外侵程度以及病变与周围组织器官的关系,将病变局部分为T1、T2a、T2b、T3a、T3b、T4期,并结合区域淋巴结转移对应临床分期进行Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ期六分类法和Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期四分类法分期,观察不同分期下的生存情况。结果500例中T1、T2a、T2b、T3a、T3b、T4期分别为23、111、157、84、82、43例,其5年内生存率曲线比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=63.52,P<0.05)。T2a与T2b、T3a与T3b期合并后T1、T2、T3、T4期分别为23、268、166、43例,其5年内生存率曲线比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=56.29,P<0.05)。六分类法的Ⅰ、Ⅱa、Ⅱb、Ⅲa、Ⅲb、Ⅳ期分别为21、96、139、89、87、68例,其5年内生存率曲线比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=94.29,P<0.05)。四分类法的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为21、235、176、68例,其5年内生存率曲线比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=83.48,P<0.05)。结论中晚期食管癌临床分期的六分类法和四分类法均能较好地预示食管癌放射治疗的预后,为临床应用方便,建议使用四分类法。     

肝细胞肝癌临床分期系统的比较

目的比较中国分期（CS）、CLIP评分系统和TNM分期对肝细胞肝癌临床疗效的评价和对预后的判断。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2003年10月我院收治的107例肝细胞肝癌患者的临床资料,根据患者确诊时的情况,按CS分期和CLIP评分系统分别作出分期。对其中53例行外科手术切除的患者,再根据组织学作出TNM分期。按CS分期、CLIP评分系统和TNM分期,分别计算患者的累积生存率,以Kaplan—Meier曲线表示,并以Logrank方法进行比较。结果全部病例均获随访。CS分期的Ⅰa、Ⅰb期和CLIP评分为0的患者,3年生存率均为100％。CS分期的Ⅲa期,1、2年生存率分别为68．0％和51．0％;Ⅲb期1年生存率为20．9％。按CLIP评分系统,评分〉4的患者,1、2、3年生存率分别为57．1％、49．9％和33．5％。行外科切除的患者中,CS分期的Ⅰa期和TNM的Ⅰ期,3年生存率均为100％;CS分期的Ⅱb期,1、3年生存率分别为83．3％和75．0％;TNM的Ⅲ期,1、3年生存率分别为93．7％和77．5％。结论CLIP分期易于根据早期临床特征准确反映预后。CS分期在判断患者预后方面同样有效,尤其适用于合并严重肝硬化的患者。     

巴塞罗那（BCLC）B/C期肝癌患者术前抑郁相关因素分析及对免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨巴塞罗那（BCLC）B/C期肝癌患者术前抑郁的相关因素及对免疫功能的影响。方法:对160例BCLC-B/C期肝癌患者术前采用一般资料调查表、医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）、患者健康问卷9（PHQ-9）和NＲS疼痛数字评价量表进行问卷调查,用logistics回归分析BCLC-B/C期肝癌患者术前不同抑郁程度（无抑郁、轻度抑郁、中重度抑郁）的相关因素;同时测定IgG、IgM、IgA、补体C3、补体C4、C反应蛋白（CRP）、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD16+CD56+（NK细胞）、CD19+、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）含量。结果:160例BCLC-B/C期肝癌患者中抑郁的发生率为64.4%（103/160）,其中无抑郁57例（35.6%）、轻度抑郁63例（39.4%）、中重度抑郁40例（25%）。回归分析显示抑郁与年龄、社会支持、经济状况、疼痛相关,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;随着抑郁程度的增加,患者NLR、CRP、hs-CRP、CD3+CD8+含量呈递增趋势,CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+、CD3-CD16+CD56+含量呈递减趋势,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:BCLC-B/C期肝癌患者术前抑郁发生率较高,年龄、社会支持、经济状况、疼痛是患者术前抑郁的相关因素,抑郁能引起患者免疫功能低下,应寻找针对性的个体化心理干预措施,改善患者抑郁情绪和免疫功能。     

Validation of The Hong Kong Liver Cancer Staging System in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Intent Treatment

Backgrounds: Recently Hong Kong Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging system has been proposed for staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and has been shown to provide better prognostic ability than the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) system. However, the HKLC system lacks external validation, and its applicability remains uncertain. The present study was aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of HKLC in HCC patients treated with curative intent. Methods: Medical records of HCC patients treated with either resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) from 2011 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The overall survival and the prognostic ability of the HKLC and BCLC system were evaluated. Results: 79 HCC patients were included, of which 64.56% had Child A cirrhosis. Chronic viral hepatitis B infection was the leading cause of HCC, followed by chronic viral hepatitis C infection, alcohol and alcohol with HBV or HCV infection. According to the BCLC system, 82.28% were in stage 0-A, and according to the HKLC system, 93.67% were in stage I-IIb. RFA and liver resection were the primary treatment in 56.96% and 43.04%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of patients in HKLC stage I, IIa and IIb were 81.64%, 61.66%, and 54.42%, respectively (P<0.001). Whereas, the 5-year survival rate of patients in BCLC stage 0, A and B were 60.00%, 75.90%, and 26.65%, respectively (P=0.053). The AUROC curve of the HKLC and BCLC for the entire cohort was 0.77 and 0.64, respectively (P=0.15). Subgroup analysis showed the AUROC curve of the HKLC and BCLC for the patients with viral-associated HCC was 0.79 and 0.68, respectively (P=0.02). Conclusions: Applying the HKLC staging system provides a good discriminative ability for survival prediction in HCC patients treated with curative intent. Comparing with the BCLC system, the HKLC system tends to yield better prognostic accuracy, particularly in viral-associated HCC.     

ADAM10 Gene Polymorphism and Its Relationship to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian HCV Patients Receiving Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapies (DAAs)

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the ADAM 10 rs.653765 SNP genetic polymorphism in the hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence (de novo and post DAAs). Methods: This study was conducted on 360 participants divided to 4 groups. Group 1: 90 chronic adult patients infected with HCV received DAAs regimens and evolved HCC during the period of follow up. Group 2: Another 90 HCV patients received the same DAAs regimens and did not show HCC manifestations during the same follow up period. Group 3 included 90 de novo HCC patients (did not receive any DAAs). Finally, 90 apparently healthy participants as group 4. Clinical and laboratory data were evaluated, and ADAM 10 genotyping were performed using qPCR. Results: The study showed statistically significant between HCC de novo and HCC deterioration on top of DAAs according to three scoring systems (Child Pugh, BCLC and HKLC) with p- value <0.05. Regarding ADAM10 gene polymorphism, the study showed a significant difference between CC versus CT+TT genotypes of HCC groups according to Child Bugh, BCLC and HKLC staging systems. Yet, no significant difference was found when ADAM10 genotypes and allele frequencies were compared between the four different studied groups. No difference in the survival rate between HCC de novo and on the top of DAAs but more aggressive stages with HCC on top of DAAs. Conclusion: ADAM10 genotypes did not show any significant association with HCC. Also, no differences in the death rate recorded between the de novo HCC and HCC post DAAs treatment with statistical significant worse staging of HCC post DAAs and were noted. the study showed a significant difference between CC versus CT+TT genotypes of HCC groups according to Child Bugh, BCLC and HKLC staging systems.     

Treatment Efficacy and Prognostic Factors for Huge HCC Based on Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Staging

Objective: To explore the most appropriate treatment for patients with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) >10 cmby using the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 HCCpatients undergoing surgery were selected. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and prognosticfactors were respectively assessed. Results: This study showed that the cumulative 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rateswere 79.7%, 59.8% and 41.6% in BCLC-A patients, 76.2%, 9.5% and 0% in BCLC-B patients and 44.9%, 0%and 0% in BCLC-C patients, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-year DFS rates were 49%, 24.5% and 9.1% in BCLC-Apatients, 7.5%, 0% and 0% in BCLC-B patients, respectively. No BCLC-C patients survived 1 year after surgery.Multivariate analysis indicated that hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), vascular invasion, intra-hepaticmetastasis, curative resection, tumor rupture and pathologic differentiation were independent prognostic factors.Conclusions: Surgery is effective and safe for patients with HCC >10 cm with sufficient hepatic reserve.     

Survival Predictability Between the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th Edition Staging System and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Classification in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This study compared the prognostic significance of staging between the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) staging system and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study population comprised patients with liver cancer registered in the Taiwan Cancer Database from 2007 to 2013 and was followed up until December 31, 2016. The study included patients with HCC, with known staging in both TNM and BCLC systems, and with follow‐up >1 month. Primary endpoint was overall survival. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were constructed to investigate the significance of staging by two systems. Goodness‐of‐fit of model was evaluated via Akaike''s information criterion (AIC), the lower the better. Among 73,136 patients with newly diagnosed liver cancer, a total of 37,062 patients with HCC (25.6% underwent surgery) were eligible. The mean age and overall survival of this cohort were 63.9 years and 27.2%, respectively. Overall survivals for stages I, II, III, and IV (the TNM system) were 54.5%, 34.9%, 10.3%, and 6.4%, respectively. Overall survivals for stages A, B, C, and D (the BCLC classification) were 54.5%, 29.2%, 9.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. The median follow‐up time was 59.4 months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that both systems predicted overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, disease‐free survival, and local recurrence‐free rate well. Values of ΔAIC of the BCLC classification and the TNM system were lower for the surgery group and nonsurgery group, respectively. The TNM system (8th edition) predicted long‐term outcome better than the BCLC classification in patients with HCC. But in patients treated initially with surgery, the BCLC classification outperformed the 8th edition of the TNM system.Implications for PracticeThis work demonstrates that the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) system (8th edition) and the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification both predict long‐term outcome significantly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but that the TNM system (8th edition) predicts long‐term outcome better than the BCLC classification. For patients treated initially with surgery, BCLC classification outperforms in 8th edition TNM system in predicting long‐term outcome.     

Distribution of tumor stage and initial treatment modality in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective

This study reviewed the distribution of each tumor stage and each type of initial treatment modality among patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated at a tertiary tumor hospital between January 2003 and October 2013.

Methods

Baseline data of patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma treated between January 2003 and October 2013 were retrospectively collected. Tumor stage was determined according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system and Hong Kong Clinic Liver Cancer (HKLC) staging system.

Results

A total of 6241 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma were included in the analysis. In accordance with the BCLC, 28.9% of patients were in stage 0/A, 16.2% in stage B, 53.6% in stage C, and 1.3% in stage D. According to the HKLC stage system, 8.4% patients were in stage I, 1.5% in stage IIa, 29.0% in stage IIb, 10.0% in stage IIIa, 33.6% in stage IIIb, 3.4% in stage IVa, 2.5% in stage IVb, 0.2% in stage Va, and 11.4% in stage Vb. Treatment modalities applied to this patient group were as follows: 33.3% of patients underwent hepatic resection, 36.7% underwent transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), 2.2% underwent radiotherapy, 0.9% underwent local ablated therapy, 8.8% underwent systemic chemotherapy, 4.2% underwent traditional herbal medicine therapy, 0.1% underwent targeted drug therapy, and 13.8% received no treatment. Hepatic resection was the most frequent therapy for patients with BCLC 0/A/B disease, and TACE was the initial therapy for patients with BCLC C disease. In the Hong Kong Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, the main treatments for HKLC I to IIIb disease is hepatic resection and TACE. Systemic chemotherapy was the initial therapy for patients with HKLC IVa/IVb disease. Most HKLC Va/Vb patients received traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Conclusion

Prevalence of stage BCLC B and C disease was high among our hepatocellular carcinoma patients. In Hong Kong Clinic Liver Cancer staging system, HKLC I to IIIb disease was high among our HCC patients. Hepatic resection and TACE are initial therapies.

     

The efficacy of treatment schedules according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging for hepatocellular carcinoma - Survival analysis of 3892 patients

The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging offers prognostic stratification and treatment allocation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We conducted this retrospective study to assess the efficacy of different treatment options for patients with initial HCC diagnosis. Survival rate and median survival times associated with different treatment options in each stage of BCLC classification were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test. A total of 3892 patients were enrolled. Overall survival rates were 46.2% at 1 year and 16.6% at 5 years. The median survival times decreased from 57.7 months in very early stage to 1.6 months in terminal stage. Surgical resection offered the best survival benefit for patients in very early, early and even intermediate stages. Transarterial embolisation and conformal radiotherapy offered survival benefits for selected patients in advanced and terminal stages. In conclusion, following the treatment schedules allocated by BCLC staging had survival benefits for HCC patients.     

Selecting an optimal staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND:

Selecting an appropriate staging system is crucial to predict the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The optimal prognostic model for HCC is under intense debate. This study investigated the prognostic ability of the 5 currently used staging systems, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), Japan Integrated Scoring (JIS) system, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM), and Tokyo score, for HCC.

METHODS:

Between 2002 and 2008, 1713 prospectively enrolled HCC patients were compared for their long‐term survival by using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) according to the staging or scoring methods of these 5 models.

RESULTS:

The mean and median follow‐up duration was 18 and 14 months, respectively. Among all patients, the CLIP staging system had the lowest AIC value in comparison with other systems in the Cox proportional hazards model, followed by the Tokyo score, JIS score, BCLC staging system, and TNM staging system. Patients undergoing curative treatment had a significantly better survival in comparison with patients undergoing noncurative treatment (P < .001). When the predictive accuracy of the staging systems was analyzed according to treatment strategy, the CLIP staging system had the lowest AIC value and remained the best prognostic model in patients undergoing curative (801 patients) and noncurative (912 patients) treatment.

CONCLUSIONS:

The CLIP staging system is the best long‐term prognostic model for HCC in a cohort of patient with early to advanced stage of HCC. Its predictive accuracy is independent of the treatment strategy. Selecting an optimal staging system is helpful in improving the design of future clinical trials. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.     

International validation of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for staging of hepatocellular carcinoma:a joint United Kingdom and Hong Kong study

The outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） patients significantly differs between western and eastern population centers. Our group previously developed and validated the Chinese University Prognostic Index （CUPI） for the prognostication of HCC among the Asian HCC patient population. In the current study, we aimed to validate the CUPI using an international cohort of patients with HCC and to compare the CUPI to two widely used staging systems, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer （BCLC） classification and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program （CLIP）. To accomplish this goal, two cohorts of patients were enrolled in the United Kingdom （UK; n = 567; 2006-2011） and Hong Kong （HK; n = 517; 2007-2012）. The baseline clinical data were recorded. The performances of the CUPI, BCLC, and CLIP were compared in terms of a concordance index （C-index） and were evaluated in subgroups of patients according to treatment intent. The results revealed that the median follow-up durations of the UK and HK cohorts were 27.9 and 29.8 months, respectively. The median overall survival of the UK and HK cohorts were 22.9 and 8.6 months, respectively. The CUPI stratified the patients in both cohorts into three risk subgroups corresponding to distinct outcomes. The median overall survival of the CUPI low-, intermediate-, and high-risk subgroups were 3.15, 1.24, and 0.29 years, respectively, in the UK cohort and were 2.07, 0.32, and 0.10 years, respectively, in the HK cohort. For the patients who underwent curative treatment, the prognostic performance did not differ between the three staging systems, and all were suboptimal. For those who underwent palliative treatment, the CUPI displayed the highest C-index, indicating that this staging system was the most informative for both cohorts. In conclusion, the CUPI is applicable to both western and eastern HCC patient populations. The performances of the three staging systems differed according to treatment intent, and the CUPI was demonstrated to be optimal for those