食管癌化疗体外药敏试验方法

本文对43例食管癌手术切除标本(无化疗、放疗史)进行短期器官培养。其中20例体外培养生长良好用于药敏试验。以形态学观察结合显微分光光度术判断药物的敏感性,形态观察20例中体外敏感的有9例。1G 例 MSP(Microspectrophotometry)测定结果表明,敏感的药物作用后核的 DNA 含量发生变化,(1)DNA 平均含量增加(P<0.01);(2)组方图低平、分散,表明化疗药物损伤的细胞不能进行核分裂,核膜尚未破裂而出现的暂时核内 DNA 含量的增加。16例中体外敏感的占7例,与形态学结果符合的占11例。     

Surrogate Markers for Medium-Term Carcinogen Testing

Given the immense variety of compounds being developed for introduction into the human environment, reliablemedium term alternatives to traditional long term rodent test protocols for carcinogen risk assessment are a highpriority. In vivo models are necessary because it has been well established that there is a lack of complete correlationbetween mutagenicity and carcinogenicity . Optimally, they should be able to detect not only complete carcinogenicor promoting potential, but also any ability to inhibit neoplasia. In order to be effective, they must take into accountthe detailed available knowledge on mechanisms of action of carcinogens and modulating agents. To allow shorteningof the time period, attention must be concentrated on preneoplaqstic lesions and other surrogate For the liver, auniquely comprehensive set of background data have already been accumulated with the Ito model, for which, has asolid scientific basis, with quantitation of glutathione S transferase positive foci as the preneoplasia-based surrogateendpoint (PSE). A very practical candidate for routine application, its predictive power, flexibility and capacity toincorporate a range of mechanism-based surrogate endpoints (MSEs) can also provide a powerful tool for attainmentof the twin goals of detecting carcinogenic agents and identifying promising chemopreventors.