β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶V对胶质细胞瘤细胞SHG-44粘附的影响

目的：研究β-1，4-半乳糖基转移酶V(β-1，4-GalT V)对星形胶质瘤细胞株粘附能力的影响及其与细胞恶性行为的关系。方法：将转染正义、反义β-1，4-GalT V和空载体的SHG-44细胞株接种于包被有纤连蛋白(FN)或层连蛋白(LN)的板上，观察细胞粘附力的变化：采用Western Blot的方法检测整合蛋白β1表达变化及局部粘着斑激酶(FAK)的蛋白水平和FAK的酪氨酸磷酸化水平：结果：在FN和LN包被的板上，与转空载体的SHG-44细胞株相比，转正义β-1，4-GalT V比转反义β-1，4-GalT V的细胞在纤连蛋白和层连蛋白上的粘附能力增高，B1蛋白表达水平升高，FAK及其酪氨酸磷酸化水平增强。结论：β-1，4-GalT V对SHG-44细胞的粘附能力确有影响，提示β-1，4-GalT V的表达可能与胶质瘤的侵袭性有关。     

重组细小病毒对胶质瘤细胞的生长抑制作用

[目的]研究表达趋化因子MIP-1α/LD78β的重组细小病毒对胶质瘤细胞的生长抑制作用。[方法]共转染法制备重组病毒。用重组病毒感染人胶质瘤细胞系U87MG以及鼠胶质瘤细胞系GL261,监测细胞生长并用ELISA方法测定细胞培养上清中MIP-1α蛋白每日和累积表达量。克隆形成实验测定病毒的细胞毒性。[结果]与未处理的细胞相比,MOI=3RU/cell的重组病毒感染使GL261细胞克隆形成减少。U87MG和GL261细胞感染重组病毒后均可产生大量MIP-1α蛋白。日表达量的高峰分别出现在感染后第3d和第4d。2×105的GL261和U87MG细胞在感染(MOI=3)5d后累积蛋白表达量分别为780ng/ml和250ng/ml。和对照相比,重组病毒感染的GL261细胞生长减慢,但表达MIP-1α或LD78β的重组病毒与不含外源基因的重组病毒感染GL261后,活细胞数目没有明显差异。U87MG对病毒的敏感性低于GL261,感染重组病毒的各组细胞生长比对照略缓慢。[结论]重组细小病毒在体外对U87MG和GL261胶质瘤细胞的生长有抑制作用,但转导外源基因MIP-1α/LD78β在体外对细胞生长无明显影响,抑制作用主要是由于病毒的细胞毒性引起。     

整合素α5β1和细胞外信号调节激酶信号传导通路在非小细胞肺癌中的作用及其相关性研究

研究整合素α5β1 及磷酸化ERK1/2 （p-ERK1/2） 在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）组织中的表达及整合素α5β1 和ERK1/2 信号通路在人肺癌A549 细胞生长和迁移中的作用。方法:采用免疫组织化学法和免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测41 例NSCLC 组织和15例正常肺组织中整合素α5β1 及p-ERK1/2 的表达并分析两者的相关性,体外培养肺癌A549 细胞,以Anti-α5β1 或ERK 激酶抑制剂PD98059 作为工具药物,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色 （MTT） 法和 Annexin-V FITC PI 双染色法检测A549 增殖和凋亡,采用Western blot 检测A549 中MMP-9 蛋白水平。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和Western blot 检测Anti-α5β1 处理后A549 中ERK1/ 2 蛋白和mRNA 表达水平的变化。结果:人NSCLC 组织中整合素α5β1 及p-ERK1/2 阳性表达率（分别为58.53%,65.52%）明显高于正常肺组织（分别为26.67%, 20.00%）（P<0.01）。整合素α5β1与p-ERK1/2 表达均与病理分级（分别为P<0.001,P=0.030）、淋巴结转移（分别为P=0.014,P<0.001）、临床分期（分别为P=0.027,P=0.038）相关。整合素α5β1 与p-ERK1/2表达具有相关性（r=0.375, P<0.05）。经Anti-α5β1 或PD98059 处理后,A549 细胞增殖效应和早期凋亡细胞百分率增加,MMP-9 的表达均明显减弱。经Anti-α5β1 处理后A549 细胞中ERK 的mRNA 和蛋白表达受到抑制,ERK1/2 的磷酸化水平显著减少。结论: 整合素α5β1 及p-ERK1/2 在人NSCLC 组织中高表达,Anti-α5β1 在下调了细胞内ERK 的mRNA 和蛋白磷酸化的同时,可以明显抑制A549 细胞的增殖和MMP-9 蛋白表达,表明整合素α5β1 可能介导ERK1/2 信号转导通路参与了非小细胞肺癌中的异常增殖和迁移的调控。      

整合素α5β1介导细胞外信号调节激酶信号转导通路对A549细胞生长和侵袭的影响

背景与目的近年研究显示整合素α5β1作为整合素家族的重要部分与非小细胞肺癌的转移性、浸润性和低分化趋向密切相关.本研究应用整合素α5/β1 siRNA双链及ERK抑制剂PD98095干预人肺癌细胞A549,探讨整合素α5β1蛋白表达对A549细胞生长和迁移能力的影响及其细胞内信号转导机制.方法实验分为未转染组、脂质体组、整合素α5β1 siRNA染组和PD98095组四组.采用免疫印迹(Western blot)和逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测A549中整合素α5β1蛋白和mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测A549中ERK1/2、MMP-9和caspase-3蛋白水平,四甲基偶氮唑盐比色(MTT)法和Annexin-V FITC PI双染色法检测A549增殖和凋亡.结果整合素α5/β1 siRNA双链在抑制α5/β1蛋白和mRNA表达的同时,可以下调ERK的mRNA和蛋白表达,并抑制其磷酸化水平.整合素α5/β1 siRNA双链和PD98059均可以明显抑制A549细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡和细胞内caspase-3蛋白表达,并抑制细胞内MMP-9蛋白表达.结论整合素α5β1可能通过介导的ERK信号转导通路参与了A549细胞的增殖和迁移调控.     

整合素α5β1在IFNα-2b抑制白血病细胞系K562细胞增殖中的作用

背景与目的:慢性粒细胞白血病ph 细胞大量增殖与整合素β1介导的增殖抑制功能存在障碍密切相关。本研究通过观察整合素α5β1在干扰素(IFNα-2b)抑制慢性粒细胞白血病细胞K562增殖中的作用,探讨整合素β1在CML发病机制中的作用。方法:流式细胞仪检测K562细胞表面整合素α5β1的表达并检测纤维粘连蛋白(FN)与K562细胞的结合以及整合素α5β1单抗阻断两者结合的程度;MTT法测定整合素α5β1对IFNα-2b抑制K562细胞增殖的影响;RT-PCR法检测IFNα-2b作用后K562细胞中粘着斑激酶(FAK)表达量的改变。结果:整合素α5和β1在K562细胞表面高表达,分别为(97.59±1.04)%、(99.24±0.52)%,而健康人骨髓单核细胞为(64.05±2.38)%、(72.40±3.56)%;IFNα-2b不能改变其表达量,但可增强K562细胞整合素与FN的结合能力;K562细胞与FN的结合可被整合素α5和β1单抗阻断。与未处理组相比,IFNα-2b处理组的K562细胞发生增殖抑制(P<0.05),细胞内FAK基因表达水平增加2.21倍(P<0.05)。整合素α5和β1单抗可增强IFNα-2b引起的增殖抑制作用,并阻断IFNα-2b引起的FAK基因表达水平的增加。结论:IFNα-2b通过恢复整合素α5β1功能,增强FN与K562细胞表面整合素α5β1结合的能力而抑制K562细胞增殖并提高细胞内FAK表达量。     

胃癌细胞中Caveolin-1 对表皮生长因子受体2 活化的影响

目的:检测Caveolin-1 蛋白（Cav-1）对胃癌（gastric cancer,GC）细胞株NCI-N87 恶性生物学行为的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法：构建Cav-1 过表达稳转染细胞系N87/Cav-1,应用MTT、克隆形成、划痕修复实验检测Cav-1 对胃癌细胞株NCIN87恶性生物学行为的影响,应用Western blotting 检测在EGF配体诱导下Cav-1 蛋白对Her-2 活化及ERK、Akt 信号通路的影响。结果：Cav-1 过表达可明显抑制胃癌细胞NCI-N87 的增殖及迁移能力;在配体EGF刺激下,Cav-1 过表达明显抑制了Her-2 酪氨酸磷酸化水平以及P-ERK/ERK、P-AKT/AKT的比率（P<0.01）。结论：Cav-1 过表达可明显抑制EGF诱导的Her-2 酪氨酸磷酸化水平,并可能通过下游MAPK及PI3K/Akt 信号通路的作用抑制了胃癌细胞株NCI-N87 的增殖及迁移能力。     

ERK信号转导通路在CXCL12促进子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭中的作用

目的:探讨趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4 (CXCL12/CXCR4)生物学轴通过细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号转导通路发挥促子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭的作用.方法:应用外源性CXCL12处理子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株,通过Western blotting检测不同时间位点ERK1/2的磷酸化水平和Survivin蛋白的表达;通过ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中MMP-2的分泌水平.同时分析AMD3100和PD98059对细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平、Survivin蛋白水平和MMP-2分泌水平的影响.结果:外源性CXCL12刺激后,可迅速上调ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(t=0.887,P＜0.01),促进Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达(t=0.861,P＜0.01;t=0.297,P＜0.01),且三者均呈时间依赖性.PD98059和AMD3100均能明显抑制外源性CXCL12诱导后ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,而且在两者共同作用下,能完全抑制ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,阻断ERK通路的激活,下调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达.结论:CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴通过激活ERK通路上调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白表达,从而引发Ishikawa细胞一系列增殖和侵袭的生物学效应.     

BEP2D细胞恶性转化过程中Smad7基因对MAPK信号通路的调控

背景与目的:Smad7基因是转化生长因子(transforminggrouthfactor-茁,TGF-β)信号通路的抑制分子,有研究表明TGF-β通过活化SMAD通路和ras/MEK/ERK通路来诱导某些基因的表达。本研究旨在探讨在人永生化支气管上皮细胞BEP2D经辐射诱发恶性转化过程中,作为SMAD蛋白家族的抑制分子Smad7是否参与TGF-β对MAPK信号通路的调控。方法:将人工合成的Smad7siRNA及Smad7真核表达载体与pTet-Elk,pTet-Jun反式激活载体、报告基因荧光素酶共转染BEP2D细胞,TGF-β刺激,通过报告基因荧光素酶的表达丰度来检测Smad7对MAPK信号通路的调控。结果:永生化BEP2D细胞中,TGF-β刺激之后,Elk和Jun磷酸化活性升高(PElk=0.033,PJun=0.016);Elk或Jun同Smad7真核表达载体共转染之后,Elk磷酸化活性升高,Jun磷酸化活性降低(PElk=0.017,PJun=0.028);Elk或Jun同Smad7-siRNA共转染之后,Elk磷酸化活性降低,Jun磷酸化活性升高(PElk=0.018,PJun=0.005)。恶性化BERP35T2细胞中,TGF-β刺激之后,Elk磷酸化活性增强(P=0.006),Elk同Smad7siRNA共转染之后,Elk磷酸化活性降低(P=0.000);恶性化细胞中几乎检测不到Jun的活性。结论:在BEP2D细胞发生恶性转化过程中,Smad7基因干预MAPK信号通路,使ERK和JNK磷酸化活性的平衡失调,导致促增殖作用强于生长抑制作用,从而有助于细胞向恶性方向发展。     

细胞外信号调节激酶1/2参与三氧化二砷诱导的胶质瘤细胞凋亡

目的:探讨细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)信号通路在三氧化二砷诱导的胶质瘤细胞U251凋亡中的作用,为应用三氧化二砷治疗胶质瘤奠定基础。方法:50μmol/L三氧化二砷作用U251细胞,不同时间检测胶质瘤细胞增殖活性,半定量PCR检测ERK1/2mRNA表达,Western blot检测ERK1/2蛋白表达;Ho-echst33258染色及流式细胞术(FCM)检测细胞凋亡;转染ERK1/2上游激酶MEK1,应用ERK1/2激酶抑制剂U0126观察ERK1/2通路在肿瘤凋亡及增殖中的作用;比色分析法检测Caspase-3活性的变化。结果:三氧化二砷诱导胶质瘤细胞发生明显凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖;增加ERK1/2蛋白的表达,呈时间依赖性;阻断ERK1/2信号通路后胶质瘤细胞凋亡受到抑制,Caspase-3活性下降。结论:ERK1/2信号通路在三氧化二砷诱导的胶质瘤细胞凋亡中起重要作用。     

PTEN下调FAK磷酸化来抑制EGFR受体突变体引起的胶质瘤细胞侵袭

背景与目的:抑癌基因PTEN在胶质瘤中突变率达20%～40%,且PTEN缺失和表皮生长因子受体突变体EGFRvⅢ同时存在EGFR表达的胶质瘤组织中.PTEN通过直接与FAK作用从而降低其酪氨酸磷酸化来抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭.EGFRvⅢ表达,PTEN缺失都是肿瘤细胞侵袭性增加的原因之一.PTEN功能的丧失可能是EGFRvⅢ表达的肿瘤进一步发展成恶性侵袭性肿瘤的原因之一.本文将探讨在EGFRvⅢ表达和PTEN缺失的肿瘤细胞中转入PTEN以观察其是否能抑制EGFRvⅢ所引起的肿瘤细胞的侵袭.方法:将野生型PTEN及其突变体分别导入人胶质瘤细胞U87ΔEGFR中,利用Transwell-细胞侵袭实验观察细胞侵袭运动变化;免疫印迹实验检查FAK磷酸化变化;FAK表达载体来转染FAK磷酸化程度低的U87ΔEGFR-wtPTEN细胞,观察细胞侵袭运动变化.结果:PTEN和PTEN(G129E)能够抑制U87ΔEGFR细胞侵袭,并且下调FAK 397位点磷酸化水平.U87ΔEGFR-wtPTEN细胞中FAK 397位点磷酸化水平增加伴随着细胞侵袭能力的提高.结论:PTEN 可能通过下调FAK 397位点磷酸化水平来抑制EGFRvⅢ引起的胶质瘤细胞侵袭.     

Angiopoietin 2 induces glioma cell invasion by stimulating matrix metalloprotease 2 expression through the alphavbeta1 integrin and focal adhesion kinase signaling pathway

Accumulating evidence reveals a significant correlation between angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) expression and tumor invasion and metastasis in various human cancers, but the major focus of recent studies has been on the angiogenic effects of Ang2. We recently reported that Ang2-stimulated glioma cell invasion results from the up-regulation and activation of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP-2) in tumor cells. In this study, we identify a novel mechanism by which Ang2 stimulates MMP-2 expression leading to glioma cell invasion. We show that Ang2 interacts with alpha(v)beta(1) integrin in Tie2-deficient human glioma cells, activating focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p130(Cas), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2, and c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and substantially enhancing MMP-2 expression and secretion. The Ang2/alpha(v)beta(1) integrin signaling pathway was attenuated by functional inhibition of beta(1) and alpha(v) integrins, FAK, p130(Cas), ERK1/2, and JNK. Furthermore, expression of a negative regulator of FAK, FAK-related nonkinase, by U87MG/Ang2-expressing glioma xenografts suppressed Ang2-induced MMP-2 expression and glioma cell infiltration in the murine brain. These data establish a functional link between Ang2 interaction with alpha(v)beta(1) integrin and glioma cell invasion through the FAK/p130(Cas)/ERK1/2 and JNK-mediated signaling pathway.     

Targeting SPARC expression decreases glioma cellular survival and invasion associated with reduced activities of FAK and ILK kinases

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular glycoprotein expressed in several solid cancers, including malignant gliomas, upon adoption of metastatic or invasive behaviors. SPARC expression in glioma cells promotes invasion and survival under stress, the latter process dependent on SPARC activation of AKT. Here we demonstrate that downregulation of SPARC expression with short interfering RNA (siRNA) in glioma cells decreased tumor cell survival and invasion. SPARC siRNA reduced the activating phosphorylation of AKT and two cytoplasmic kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). We determined the contributions of FAK and ILK to SPARC effects using SPARC protein and cell lines engineered to overexpress SPARC. SPARC activated FAK and ILK in glioma cells previously characterized as responsive to SPARC. Downregulation of either FAK or ILK expression inhibited SPARC-mediated AKT phosphorylation, and targeting both FAK and ILK attenuated AKT activation more potently than targeting either FAK or ILK alone. Decreased SPARC-mediated AKT activation correlated with a reduction in SPARC-dependent invasion and survival upon the downregulation of FAK and/or ILK expression. These data further demonstrate the role of SPARC in glioma tumor progression through the activation of intracellular kinases that may provide novel therapeutic targets for advanced cancers.     

siRNA targeted against HAb18G/CD147 inhibits MMP-2 secretion, actin and FAK expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line via ERK1/2 pathway

HAb18G/CD147 has been identified as a factor that induces MMPs production. SiRNA targeted against HAb18G/CD147 was transfected into FHCC-98 cells (a HCC cell line) to knockdown its expression. The results showed that downregulating HAb18G/CD147 decreased ERK1/2, MMP-2 and FAK levels and inhibited cell motility and invasion, together with rearranged actin stress fiber formation, while had no effects on integrin alpha3beta1 expression. MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, inhibited MMP-2, FAK and actin expression in FHCC-98 cell line. The findings indicate that si-HAb18G inhibits gelatinase production, actin and FAK expression in FHCC-98 via an ERK1/2 signaling pathway.     

beta1-integrin mediates asbestos-induced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in a rat pleural mesothelial cell line

Integrin-mediated signalling has been implicated in asbestos-induced carcinogenesis. In studies here, we examined signal transduction events associated with integrin-directed cell reactions triggered by crocidolite asbestos in the pleural mesothelial cell line 4/4 RM-4. Crocidolite fibres induced a significant time- and dose-dependent activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2. ERK activation was specifically inhibited by integrin-blocking agents, that are integrin-binding peptides containing the sequence arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), and monoclonal antibodies against the integrin beta1-chain. Integrin-dependent activation of ERK1/2 in response to asbestos appeared to be independent of focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK (FAK) since FAK autophosphorylation remained unaffected in crocidolite-exposed mesothelial cells. Instead, we observed striking similarities in the kinetics of asbestos-induced ERK1/2 responses and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) at serine 473, a possible target residue for integrin-linked kinase. As with ERK activation, asbestos-induced AKT stimulation was significantly blocked by both the RGD-peptide and the beta1-integrin antibodies. These studies are the first to establish that in mesothelial cells ERK1/2 and AKT are simultaneously phosphorylated upon asbestos exposure in a beta1-integrin-dependent manner.     

A novel low-molecular weight inhibitor of focal adhesion kinase, TAE226, inhibits glioma growth

Glioblastomas are highly lethal cancers that resist current therapies. Novel therapies under development target molecular mechanisms that promote glioblastoma growth. In glioblastoma patient specimens, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed. Upon growth factor receptor stimulation or integrin engagement, FAK is activated by phosphorylation on critical tyrosine residues. Activated FAK initiates a signal transduction cascade which promotes glioma growth and invasion by increasing cellular adhesion, migration, invasion, and proliferation. We find that human glioma cell lines express different levels of total FAK protein and activating phosphorylation of tyrosine residues Tyr397, Tyr861, and Tyr925. As all glioma cell lines examined expressed phosphorylated FAK, we examined the efficacy of a novel low-molecular weight inhibitor of FAK, TAE226, against human glioma cell lines. TAE226 inhibited the phosphorylation of FAK as well as the downstream effectors AKT, extracellular signal-related kinase, and S6 ribosomal protein in multiple glioma cell lines. TAE226 induced a concentration-dependent decrease in cellular proliferation with an associated G(2) cell cycle arrest in every cell line and an increase in apoptosis in a cell-line-specific manner. TAE226 also decreased glioma cell adhesion, migration, and invasion through an artificial extracellular matrix. Together, these data demonstrate the potential benefit of TAE226 for glioma therapy.     

Helianthin induces antiproliferative effect on human glioblastoma cells in vitro

A major focus of brain cancer research today is to translate understanding of glioma biology into advances in treatment, by exploring the potential of target therapy. Here we investigated the ability of three compounds belonging to the chemical class of azo dyes (methyl red, methyl yellow, and helianthin) to inhibit glioblastoma (GB) cell growth in vitro. Our results showed that helianthin induced cytotoxicity in two GB cell cultures, cell lines 18 and 38, whereas methyl red and methyl yellow were not cytotoxic. The effect of helianthin on EGFR, IGF-1R, and their common intracellular signaling via PI3-K and ERK1/2 was also analyzed. Treatment with helianthin down-regulated EGFR and IGF-1R activity in both cell lines. Helianthin treatment blocked ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting PI3K activity in cell line 18 and reduced both PI3K and ERK1/2 in GB 38 cell line. The cell death was accompanied by degradation of PARP without affecting BCL2 expression in both GB cell cultures. Because of the genetic heterogeneity of malignant gliomas, we tested the effect of helianthin on other two primary GB lines (11 and 15) and two early-passage GB cultures (BT1GB and BT2GB), to assess the general nature of the anti-tumor effect of the drug in GB cells. We found that helianthin treatment induced cell death in all the GB cell cultures analyzed. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating that helianthin can reduce GB cell growth.     

Inhibition of LRIG3 gene expression via RNA interference modulates the proliferation,cell cycle,cell apoptosis,adhesion and invasion of glioblastoma cell (GL15)

LRIG3 (leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains, LRIG) gene is both under-and over-expressed in human cancers and its role on tumor growth is not fully clarified. Here, we used a human U6 promoter-driven DNA template approach to induce short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-triggered RNA interference (RNAi) to block LRIG3 gene expression in the human glioma cell line GL15. Specific knockdown of LRIG3 by shRNA resulted in significantly increase of the GL15 invasion and adhesion activity in vitro and markedly promoted cell growth. LRIG3 repression also induced increment of the proportion of G0/G1 cells and inhibited apoptosis in GL15 cells. Our results demonstrated that RNAi against LRIG3 could effectively down regulate LRIG3 gene expression. LRIG3 might be involved in the regulation of EGFR signaling, and serve as a tumor suppressor gene in the pathogenesis of glioma.     

uPAR and cathepsin B knockdown inhibits radiation-induced PKC integrated integrin signaling to the cytoskeleton of glioma-initiating cells

Despite advances in radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic techniques and aggressive surgical resection, the prognosis of glioblastoma patients is dismal. Accumulation of evidence indicates that some cancer cells survive even the most aggressive treatments, and these surviving cells, which are resistant to therapy and are perhaps essential for the malignancy, may be cancer stem cells. The CD133 surface marker is commonly used to isolate these extremely resistant glioma-initiating cells (GICs). In the present study, GICs which tested positive for the CD133 marker (CD133+) were isolated from both the established U251 cell line and the 5310 xenograft glioma cell line to study the events related to the molecular pathogenesis of these cells. Simultaneous down-regulation of uPAR and cathepsin B by shRNA (pUC) treatment caused the disruption of radiation-induced complex formation of pPKC?θ/δ, integrin β1 and PKC ζ, integrin β1 in glioma cells. Further, pUC treatment inhibited PKC/integrin signaling via FAK by causing disassociation of FAK and the cytoskeletal molecules vinculin and α-actinin. Also, we observed the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. This inhibition was mediated by pUC and directed a negative feedback mechanism over the FAK signaling molecules, which led to an extensive reduction in the signal for cytoskeletal organization generating migratory arrest. Altogether, it can be hypothesized that knockdown of uPAR and cathepsin B using shRNA is an effective strategy for controlling highly invasive glioma cells and extremely resistant glioma-initiating cells.