Analysis of postoperative adjuvant therapy in 102 patients with gastric-type mucinous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A multi-institutional study

ObjectiveGastric-type mucinous carcinoma (GAS) is a novel variant of uterine cervix mucinous carcinoma. GAS is a distinct entity that can be distinguished from typical endocervical adenocarcinoma (UEA). In Japan, postoperative adjuvant therapy for cervical cancer includes not only radiation therapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) but also chemotherapy in many cases. However, no previous studies have analyzed adjuvant therapy for GAS. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of adjuvant therapy for GAS.MethodsThis was a preplanned secondary analysis of a dataset from previous nationwide, retrospective, observational study. The study population comprised women with stage I–II GAS who underwent surgery. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared among patients who did and did not receive adjuvant therapy using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsData were analyzed for a total of 102 enrolled patients, who were classified as low- (17 patients), intermediate- (37 patients), or high risk (48 patients) based on the risk of postoperative cervical cancer recurrence. In the intermediate-risk group, median survival could not be assessed due to a lack of sufficient events, but the no-adjuvant and RT groups tended to exhibit better prognoses. In contrast, within the high-risk group, patients in the RT subgroup exhibited a trend towards better PFS and OS than those in the CCRT and chemotherapy groups.ConclusionsThe prognosis of GAS was confirmed to be poor, even in cases of early-stage cancer and following surgical resection. Chemotherapy strategies, including CCRT as postoperative adjuvant therapy, tend to have a poor prognosis.     

Impact of total retrieved lymph nodes on staging and survival of patients with gastric cancer invading the subserosa

PurposeTo investigate the impact of total retrieved lymph nodes (tLNs) on staging and survival in patients with pT2b gastric cancer according to the nodal status.MethodsClinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes of 392 patients with pT2b gastric cancer between 1980 and 2005 were retrospectively investigated based on the nodal status.ResultsThe number of metastatic lymph nodes (mLNs) was highly correlated with the number of tLNs (P < 0.001). The overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 39.0% (153/392) and 17.9% (70/392), respectively. The survival rates in patients with pN0 cancers did not differ significantly from that in patients with pN1 cancer when the tLNs were 25 or less. However, the survival rate in patients with N0 cancers was significantly greater than that in patients with pN1 cancers when the tLNs were more than 25 (64.3% vs. 36.9%, χ² = 4.339, P = 0.037). Moreover, both 5- and 10-year survival rates differed significantly among patients with pN1, pN2 and pN3 gastric cancer regardless of tLNs. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, tumor focus number, tumor location, and mLN, but not tLNs, were independent prognostic predictors in patients with pT2b gastric cancer.ConclusionsTo improve the accuracy of staging, no less than 15 tLNs should be pathologically examined in patients with pN1–3, and 25 tLNs for the patients with N0. More tLNs may not be associated with a better prognosis in pT2b disease because the extent of lymph node dissection is pre-defined for the operation.     

Omission of radiotherapy in elderly patients with early breast cancer: 15-Year results of a prospective non-randomised trial

BackgroundWhether radiotherapy (RT) is beneficial in elderly (⩾70 years) patients undergoing conservative surgery for early breast cancer has long been controversial. Recent randomised trials show that most elderly patients do not benefit from RT. We started a prospective non-randomised trial to address this issue in 1987 and now present results for the 627 consecutive pT1/2cN0 patients recruited, and treated by conservative surgery (quadrantectomy) and tamoxifen, and assigned non-randomly to RT or no RT.MethodsWe used multivariate competing risks models to estimate 15-crude cumulative incidence (CCI) of ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR), distant metastasis and breast cancer mortality. The models incorporated a propensity score as a measure of probability of receiving RT based on baseline characteristics, to account for the lack of randomisation.ResultsFor pT1 patients, 15-year CCIs of IBTR, distant metastasis and breast cancer death were indistinguishable in the RT and no RT groups. For pT2 patients, 15-year CCI of IBTR was much higher in those not given RT (14.6% versus 0.8%, p = 0.004), although breast cancer mortality and distant metastasis did not differ significantly between RT and no RT.ConclusionsConsistent with the findings of recent randomised trials, our long-term data indicate that most elderly, ER-positive patients with pT1 cN0 breast cancer treated by quadrantectomy do not benefit from RT. The 14.6% CCI of IBTR in our pT2 patients is an additional finding not presented in the trials and suggests that RT should be administered to elderly patients with pT2 disease.     

Nomograms for Metastasis-Free and Overall Survival for Pathologically Node Positive Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With or Without Radiation Therapy Plus Short-Term ADT

Purpose/ObjectivesWe aimed to develop nomograms to predict the risk reduction for metastasis and death in pathologically node-positive (pN +) prostate cancer patients treated with or without radiation therapy (RT).Materials/MethodsFrom a prospectively gathered institutional database, we identified patients with pN + M0 prostate cancer after surgery. We evaluated several regression models of known or suspected clinical-pathologic covariates and selected the model with the highest Harrell's concordance-index (c-index) and clinical utility to prognosticate metastasis for inclusion in a nomogram. Covariates in the final, competing-risk adjusted, metastasis model included PSA nadir after surgery, pathologic T-stage, margin status, Gleason score (GS), number of positive lymph nodes, and use of postoperative radiotherapy combined with androgen deprivation therapy (RT + ADT). The overall survival model also included Charlson comorbidity score and age.Results336 pN + men with a mean age of 64.9 years and a median follow-up of 4.1 years who had a radical prostatectomy were included in the analysis. 83 men were recommended RT + ADT, of whom 4% refused the ADT and received RT alone. C-index was 0.85 and 0.71 for the MFS and OS models, respectively. On multivariable analysis (MVA) adjusted for competing risks, RT + ADT significantly improved MFS (HR=0.70 P = < .01) with number of nodes positive, GS 8-10, PSA nadir > 1 ng/mL, and pT3b prognostic for metastasis. MVA for OS demonstrates RT+ADT improves survival (HR=0.40, P = .02), with GS8-10 and PSA nadir > 1.0 prognostic for death.ConclusionWe developed predictive nomograms for patients with pN+ prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy. These models can discretely quantify an individual's risk of metastasis or death with and without post-prostatectomy radiotherapy.     

Management of occult invasive cervical cancer found after simple hysterectomy

Background: To estimate safety and efficacy of radical parametrectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) for patients with occult invasive cervical cancer found after simple hysterectomy.Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in 147 patients with occult invasive cervical cancer.Results: Forty-eight patients with IA1 lesions (IA1 group) did not receive further treatment. Of the 99 patients with IA2–IIA lesions, 26 received no definitive treatment (observation group), 44 received RT or CCRT (RT/CCRT group), and 29 underwent RP (RP group). After a median follow-up of 116 months (range 3–235 months), recurrent disease was observed in 0%, 34.6%, 6.8%, and 0% of patients in the IA1, observation, RT/CCRT, and RP groups, respectively. In the RT/CCRT group, treatment was delayed due to severe diarrhea in 4 patients (9%) and 12 patients (27%) had late complications related to RT requiring further management (including two surgical interventions). Five patients in the RP group (17%) experienced perioperative complications which were easily managed, intraoperatively or conservatively. Late complications were not observed in the RP group.Conclusion: Although RP and RT/CCRT had similar therapeutic efficacy, the lower rate of late complications observed with RP makes it preferable to RT/CCRT.     

Nationwide analysis of hospital variation in preoperative radiotherapy use for rectal cancer following guideline revision

IntroductionThe revised Dutch colorectal cancer guideline (2014), led to an overall decrease in preoperative radiotherapy (RT) use. This study evaluates hospital variation in RT use for resectable rectal cancer and the influence of guideline revision, including the nationwide impact of changing RT application on short term outcomes.MethodsData of surgically resected rectal cancer patients registered in the Dutch ColoRectal Audit were extracted between 2011 and 2017. Patients were divided into groups based on time of guideline revision (<2014 and ≥ 2014). Primary outcome was guideline adherence at hospital level regarding RT application, stratified for three stage groups. Secondary outcomes included positive circumferential resection (CRM+) and 30-day complicated postoperative course.ResultsThe groups consisted of 7364 and 12,057 patients, respectively. In total, 6772 patients did not receive RT (17.6% (<2014) vs. 45.7% (≥2014), p < 0.001). The largest increase of surgery alone was observed for cT1-2N0 stage rectal cancer (35.1% vs. 91.8%, p < 0.001), with a substantial decrease in hospital variation (IQR 22.2–50.0% vs. IQR 87.6–98.0%). For cT1-3N1MRF- stage rectal cancer, a substantial amount of hospital variation in short course RT remained after guideline revision (IQR 26.8–54.1% vs. IQR 26.2–50.0%). A significant decrease in CRM+ (5.8% vs. 4.2%, p < 0.001) and complicated course (22.5% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.001) was observed.ConclusionsRadiotherapy for early-stage rectal cancer was uniformly abandoned after guideline revision, while substantial hospital variation remained for intermediate risk resectable rectal cancer in the Netherlands. The substantial nationwide decrease in the use of RT for rectal cancer treatment did not negatively impact CRM involvement.     

同步放化疗对早期低危宫颈鳞癌术后生存无优势

  目的  探讨早期宫颈鳞癌术后伴有低危复发因素患者减少不良反应的最佳处理方式。  方法  选取2008年2月至2012年3月山东省肿瘤医院共收治经术后病理证实, 伴有1~2个低危不良预后因素的早期宫颈鳞癌患者133例。根据术后治疗方式不同分为单纯放疗组(42例)、化疗+后装治疗组(47例)和同步放化疗组(44例), 比较3组患者的无疾病生存率和治疗相关并发症发生率。  结果  随访时间为6~55个月, 中位随访时间30个月。单纯放疗组、化疗+后装治疗组和同步放化疗组3年无疾病生存率分别为94.0%、93.4%和97.6%, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组急性重度不良反应(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级)发生率分别为9.5%、16.7%和34.1%, 同步放化疗组Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应发生率显著高于单纯放疗组和化疗+后装治疗组(P < 0.05), 而单纯放疗组与化疗+后装治疗组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组Ⅰ~Ⅱ度慢性放射性反应发生率分别为19.0%、4.3%和25.0%, 单纯放疗组和同步放化疗组显著高于化疗+后装治疗组(P < 0.05), 单纯放疗组与同步放化疗组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。  结论  对于早期低危宫颈鳞癌患者, 与同步放化疗相比, 术后采用化疗+后装治疗或单纯放疗均能够取得理想的治疗效果, 而治疗相关并发症发生率明显降低。      

Comparison of the clinical efficacy of a new prognostic stratification for duodenal adenocarcinoma with that of TNM staging: The importance of T status with regard to the prognosis

BackgroundAlthough the current staging system and therapeutic strategy for duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) focus on the N status, their validity has not been clarified. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic factors of DA and reviewed the current staging system.MethodsWe included 105 patients who underwent surgical resection of DA in our department between September 2006 and October 2020. Patients with localised disease other than an early tumour (pT1a) were classified into the advanced group, and prognostic factors were compared with those for the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification, 8th edition.ResultsThe 5-year overall survival (OS) rate in the advanced group (n = 55) was 73%. Multivariate analysis revealed that pT4 and pN2 statuses were independent prognostic factors for OS. The prognosis was stratified based on the pT4 and pN2 statuses, whereas the survival curves for patients with pStage II (pN0) and pStage IIIA (pN1) DA overlapped on staging according to the UICC classification. The new classification indicated a favourable prognosis for patients classified as pT1-3N1 stage IIIA (5-year OS, 86%), whereas the prognosis of patients with pT4N0-1 DA was similar to those classified as pT1-3N2 stage IIIB. Patients with pT4N2 DA had a similar prognosis (5-year OS, 24%) as those with metastases, and 75% of these patients showed distant metastasis within one year after surgery.ConclusionBoth T and N statuses affect the prognosis of DA. Patients with pT4N2 DA may require intensive adjuvant chemotherapy. (238 words)     

Comparison of treatment results between surgery alone, preoperative short-course radiotherapy, or long-course concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer

Background

The aim of this study is to compare the results between surgery alone, preoperative radiotherapy (RT), or preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) followed by surgery in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer in Asian patients.

Methods

This study included 151 consecutive patients with clinical T3, T4 or node-positive rectal cancer from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007. Eighty-six patients underwent total mesorectal excision (TME) alone, 28 patients received preoperative RT (25?Gy in 5 fractions) followed by TME in 1?week, and 37 patients received preoperative CCRT (50.4?Gy in 28 fractions) followed by TME in 4–6?weeks.

Results

The 3-year loco-regional recurrence (LRR), distant metastasis, overall and disease-free survival rates are comparable among Surgery, RT and CCRT groups. By multivariate analysis, pT4, distal margin <2?cm, the ratio of positive lymph nodes to totally dissected lymph nodes ≥0.2, and non-R0 resection were significant factors for LRR. In subgroup analysis, TME alone produced comparable LRR to RT or CCRT (3.3 vs.. 4.8%) for favorable patients (0–1 risk factors). For unfavorable patients (2 or more risk factors), the LRR rose to 37% in patients receiving surgery alone as compared with 15% in the RT or CCRT patients.

Conclusions

Preoperative RT or CCRT followed by TME produced good local control in favorable and unfavorable patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. If preoperative RT or CCRT is not given, TME alone has a high incidence of local recurrence in unfavorable patients with 2 or more risk factors.     

Consideration of tumor size improves the accuracy of TNM predictions in patients with gastric cancer after curative gastrectomy

ObjectiveTo investigate whether addition of tumor size improves the prognostic accuracy of the UICC 7th TNM staging system in gastric cancer patients who underwent radical surgery (R0 resection).MethodsThe clinical and pathological data and postoperative 5-year survival rate of 507 patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical surgery (R0 resection) in our department from January 2004 to June 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. The prognostic accuracy of conventional UICC 7th TNM staging was compared with that of UICC 7th TNM staging plus tumor size. The ability of tumor size to improve the 95% confidence interval (CI) of postoperative 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer patients was assessed.ResultsOf the 507 patients, 470 (92.7%) were followed up. The five-year survival rate of these patients was 50.4%. The survival rates of patients with pT1, pT2, pT3, and pT4 stage tumors were 89.3%, 72.4%, 36.9%, and 23.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the survival rates of patients with pN0, pN1, pN2, and pN3 stage tumors were 75.2%, 68.8%, 46.7%, and 21.3% (P < 0.05). Depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis stage, metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR), lymphatic invasion and tumor size were independent predictors of patient prognosis. The accuracy of UICC 7th TNM staging in predicting 5-year survival was 75.4% and the accuracy of tumor size plus the UICC 7th TNM staging was 77.9% (P < 0.05). This combination improved the 95% CI of postoperative 5-year survival rate in gastric cancer patients.ConclusionTumor size can improve the accuracy of UICC 7th TNM staging in predicting survival in gastric cancer patients following radical surgery (R0 resection). Tumor size is likely to be another important indicator in future UICC-TNM staging systems for gastric cancer patients.     

Clinical implication of surgically treated early-stage cervical cancer with multiple high-risk factors

Objective

Presence of high-risk factor in cervical cancer is known to be associated with decreased survival outcomes. However, the significance of multiple high-risk factors in early-stage cervical cancer related to survival outcomes, recurrence patterns, and treatment implications is not well elucidated.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted for surgically treated cervical cancer patients (stage IA2-IIB, n=540). Surgical-pathological risk factors were examined and tumors expressing ≥1 high-risk factors (nodal metastasis, parametrial involvement, or positive surgical margin) were eligible for analysis (n=177, 32.8%). Survival analysis was performed based on the number of high-risk factors and the type of adjuvant therapy.

Results

There were 68 cases (38.4%) expressed multiple high-risk factors (2 high-risk factors: n=58, 32.8%; 3 high-risk factors: n=10, 5.6%). Multiple high-risk factors remained an independent prognosticator for decreased survival outcomes after controlling for age, histology, stage, and treatment type (disease-free survival: hazard ratio [HR], 2.34; p=0.002; overall survival: HR, 2.32; p=0.007). Postoperatively, 101 cases (57.1%) received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and 76 cases (42.9%) received radiotherapy (RT) alone. CCRT was beneficial in single high-risk factor cases: HRs for CCRT over RT alone for cumulative risk of locoregional and distant recurrence, 0.27 (p=0.022) and 0.27 (p=0.005), respectively. However, tumor expressing multiple high-risk factors completely offset the benefit of CCRT over RT alone for the risk of distant recurrence: HR for locoregional and distant recurrence, 0.31 (p=0.071) and 0.99 (p=0.980), respectively.

Conclusion

Special consideration for the significance of multiple high-risk factors merits further investigation in the management of surgically treated early-stage cervical cancer.     

Adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy for pT1-pT2 node negative (pN0) breast cancer: is it worth the effort?

PURPOSE: Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for pT1-2 pN0 breast cancer was the standard treatment in our department. Since little data on the importance of RT in this subgroup are known, we reviewed the clinical records with regard to overall survival. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1984 until 2000, 1789 files were submitted to retrospective analyses; 731 had a pT1 (n=427) or pT2 (n=304) pN0 lesion. They were treated with breast conserving surgery (BCS) (n=343) or mastectomy (ME) (n=388), axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and post-operative RT. The outcome was analyzed and compared with the patients included in the SEER-Data 1988-1997 (NCI-Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results, release 2000) that were treated according to the standard treatment: BCS+ALND+RT, or ME+ALND no RT. RESULTS: The actuarial overall survival (OS) at 5 and 10 years after BCS was 93.3% and 85.1% for pT1 and 88.3% and 75.4% for pT2 tumors. These results are comparable with the SEER (93.9%, 84.9% for pT1, and 87.3%, 76.7% for pT2, respectively).For our ME patients the OS was 91.8% and 79.9%, respectively (pT1 at 5 and 10 years, respectively), and 83.6% and 70.4% (pT2 at 5 and 10 years). In the SEER data the analyses resulted in 89.3% and 73.8% (pT1), and 81.1% and 63.5% (pT2), respectively. DISCUSSION: Although both databases are retrospective, the comparable survival in BCS patients pleads for the similarity of the two populations. The better OS observed in ME patients treated with RT compared to the SEER patients argues in favor of a benefit due to adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy after mastectomy might improve survival in low-risk node negative patients. Our data shows an absolute benefit of between 2.5% and 6.9% OS in favor of post ME radiotherapy, compared to the SEER data.     

不同治疗方式对术后伴中危因素Ⅰ-ⅡA期宫颈癌预后影响

目的 比较不同治疗方式对伴中危因素的Ⅰ-ⅡA期宫颈癌患者的生存差异,探讨早期宫颈癌术后伴中危因素患者的最佳治疗模式。方法 回顾分析2007-2016年间收治的包含中危因素的323例宫颈癌术后患者,比较观察(NT)、单纯化疗(CT)、放疗(RT)及同步放化疗(CCRT)方式对生存的影响。Kaplan-Meier法生存分析,Logrank检验差异,Cox模型行预后因素分析。结果 全组的5年PFS、OS为79.0%、84.8%。单因素及多因素分析肿瘤大小>4 cm、治疗方式是影响PFS的因素(P=0.017、0.002),危险因素个数、治疗方式是影响OS的因素(P=0.042、0.000)。全组中RT及CCRT均可改善患者预后(P=0.007、0.000)。亚组分析中任意1个中危因素(低危组),CT能够延长5年PFS (P=0.026),在改善5年OS上相近(P=0.692);与NT及CT相比,RT及CCRT均能改善患者预后(P=0.006、0.000),但RT与CCRT相近(P=0.820、0.426)。≥2个中危因素(高危组)中,与CT相比,CCRT能提高患者的5年PFS (P=0.006),但不能延长患者5年OS (P=0.107);RT与CCRT比较,CCRT均可改善患者的预后(P=0.028、0.039)。结论 仅有1个中危因素时,RT也能改善预后;伴有≥2个中危因素时,CCRT更能改善患者的预后。     

Prognostic impact of dimensional factors in pT1 gastric cancer

BackgroundThe significance of the dimensional factors (tumor diameter, area and volume) as the prognostic factor has not been precisely evaluated in pT1 gastric cancer.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the clinical impact and to confirm the clinical feasibility of the dimensional factors as prognostic factors in pT1 gastric cancer.MethodsWe analyzed prognostic factors for disease-specific survival (DSS), overall survival (OS) using clinicopathological factors by univariate and multivariate analyses and the pattern of recurrence in 2011 pT1 gastric cancer (mucosal and submucosal cancers) undergoing R0 gastrectomy. The cut-off values of each dimensional factor was decided by the ROC curve.ResultsCox proportional hazard regression model showed that older age (≥75) and more advanced pN stage were adverse independent prognostic factors for DSS, and revealed that older age (≥75), greater preoperative co-morbid diseases, proximal and total gastrectomy, operative method and Clavien-Dindo classification (≥grade III) were independent adverse factors for OS. Any dimensional factors were not independent prognostic factors for any survival.ConclusionsThe dimensional factors do not influence both OS and DSS in pT1 gastric cancer patients and so it is difficult to apply these dimensional factors for conducting therapeutic strategies.     

Risk of metachronous peritoneal metastases in patients with pT4a versus pT4b colon cancer: An international multicentre cohort study

IntroductionWith evolving treatment strategies aiming at prevention or early detection of metachronous peritoneal metastases (PM), identification of high-risk colon cancer patients becomes increasingly important. This study aimed to evaluate differences between pT4a (peritoneal penetration) and pT4b (invasion of other organs/structures) subcategories regarding risk of PM and other oncological outcomes.Materials and methodsFrom eight databases deriving from four countries, patients who underwent curative intent treatment for pT4N0-2M0 primary colon cancer were included. Primary outcome was the 5-year metachronous PM rate assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Independent predictors for metachronous PM were identified by Cox regression analysis. Secondary endpoints included 5-year local and distant recurrence rates, and 5-year disease free and overall survival (DFS, OS).ResultsIn total, 665 patients with pT4a and 187 patients with pT4b colon cancer were included. Median follow-up was 38 months (IQR 23–60). Five-year PM rate was 24.7% and 12.2% for pT4a and pT4b categories, respectively (p = 0.005). Independent predictors for metachronous PM were female sex, right-sided colon cancer, peritumoral abscess, pT4a, pN2, R1 resection, signet ring cell histology and postoperative surgical site infections. Five-year local recurrence rate was 14% in both pT4a and pT4b cancer (p = 0.138). Corresponding five-year distant metastases rates were 35% and 28% (p = 0.138). Five-year DFS and OS were 54% vs. 62% (p = 0.095) and 63% vs. 68% (p = 0.148) for pT4a vs. pT4b categories, respectively.ConclusionPatients with pT4a colon cancer have a higher risk of metachronous PM than pT4b patients. This observation has important implications for early detection and future adjuvant treatment strategies.     

Feasibility and effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant concurrent chemoradiation therapy in Japanese patients with high-risk early-stage cancer of the uterine cervix

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of postoperative concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with high-risk early-stage cervical cancer who were treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: From July 2001 to September 2005, CCRT was performed in 37 patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection at Nagoya University Hospital. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (70 mg/m(2) on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 700 mg/m(2) per day on days 1-4) every 4 weeks for a total of three cycles. Pelvic radiotherapy was started concurrently with the first cycle of chemotherapy. The radiation dose was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. A nonrandomized control group of 52 patients who had undergone radiation therapy alone after radical hysterectomy between 1991 and 2000 served for historical comparison. RESULTS: In the CCRT group, the incidences of grade 3/4 toxicities were 24.3% for neutropenia, 8.1% for nausea and vomiting, and 18.9% for diarrhea. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates in the CCRT group and control group were 89.2% and 69.2%, respectively (P = 0.0392). CONCLUSION: This study showed that adjuvant CCRT with cisplatin and 5-FU could be safely performed and improved the prognosis in Japanese patients with high-risk early-stage cervical cancer after radical hysterectomy.     

Effect of a pT0 cystectomy specimen without neoadjuvant therapy on survival

BACKGROUND: In some cases of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, no residual tumor is found in the cystectomy specimen (the pT0 classification). The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of such patients in a large cystectomy series. METHODS: All 900 patients with radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for TCC of the bladder in the period January 1986 to September 2003 who received no neoadjuvant therapy were included. Cystectomy specimens from 181 (20.1%) patients were graded as pT0. Complete follow-up was obtained in all cases. Tumor-specific survival (pT0 vs. pT+) was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS: The rate of lymph node metastases in the pT0 group was 6.6%. pT0 status was found with Ta/is/1 in 36.8%, T2a in 41.8%, and T2b in 10.9%. The 169 patients with pT0pN0 tumors had 10-year tumor-specific survival rates of 91.0. There was no statistically significant survival benefit for pT0pN0 tumors compared with pT+pN0 tumors for maximal tumor classifications of pTa/pTis/pT1 and pT2b, but patients with a pT0T2apN0 tumor had a statistically significantly better tumor-specific survival than those with a pT2apN0 tumor (P = 0.002). No patient with a pT0pN0 tumor had a local recurrence. The rate of incidental second primary malignancies in a specimen was 15.5%. CONCLUSIONS: A pT0pN0 cystectomy specimen indicates a curative therapy, but there is a substantial risk of tumor recurrence. In the group of tumors with a maximal classification of pT2a, the pT0 tumors constitute a subgroup with a significantly higher likelihood of survival.     

同步放化疗对宫颈鳞癌细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响

目的:探讨局部晚期宫颈鳞癌细胞对同步放化疗应答的分子机制。方法:49例患者被分为2组:单纯放疗组(RT)和同步放化疗组(CCRT)。在治疗前和治疗中[RT组:放疗10 Gy后;CCRT组:放疗10 Gy+(DDP+5-FU)×1个周期]分别活检留取标本,用FCM、TUNEL及免疫组化检测细胞周期、凋亡以及PCNA的表达。结果:RT组和CCRT组治疗中较治疗前AI及凋亡阳性率均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.001),治疗中CCRT组凋亡率显著高于RT组(P=0.03);PCNA的表达CCRT组较RT组降低更明显(P=0.005)。治疗中RT组细胞周期大部分被阻滞在G2/M期,而CCRT组大部分被同时阻滞在S和G2/M期。结论:CCRT治疗局部晚期宫颈鳞癌中化疗和放疗有协同作用,其机制可能为通过抑制细胞增殖以及阻滞细胞周期于S和G2/M期,使细胞周期同步化,继而诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡实现的。     

宫颈癌术后中危患者放疗与同步放化疗的疗效分析

目的 分析早期（ⅠB‐ⅡA期）宫颈癌术后存在中危因素患者同步放化疗与单纯放疗后生存情况、失败模式、急性不良反应及预后因素。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月宁夏医科大学总医院放疗科收治的早期宫颈癌术后存在中危因素的患者211例,单纯放疗（RT）组91例,同步放化疗（CCRT）组120例。卡方检验对比两组患者3、5年的总生存（OS）率和无进展生存（PFS）率、失败模式及急性不良反应的差异。采用Kaplan‐Meier法进行OS及PFS的单因素分析,并进行log-rank检验;用Cox模型进行多因素预后分析。结果 211例患者3、5年的OS率分别为95.0%、93.8%,PFS率分别为86.8%、83.2%。CCRT组和RT组患者的OS率分别为93.9%、96.5%（3年）、91.8%、96.5%（5年）（χ²=1.763,P=0.184）,PFS率分别为84.4%、89.9%（3年）、79.3%、88.3%（5年）（χ²=2.619,P=0.106）,两组均无差异。两组患者总复发率为15.64%,两组患者复发率、局部和远处失败模式的差异均无统计学意义（χ²=2.623,P=0.105;χ²=6.745,P=0.080）,主要失败模式为局部区域复发及肺转移。多因素分析显示病理类型可能是OS的影响因素（χ²=3.849,P=0.05）,侵犯深度是PFS的独立预后因素（χ²=4.095,P=0.043）。CCRT组急性胃肠道反应及骨髓抑制显著高于RT组（χ²=56.425、27.833,P值均<0.001）。结论 早期宫颈癌术后存在中危因素的患者辅助放疗疗效好,主要失败模式为局部区域复发及肺转移。病理类型可能是OS的独立预后因素,侵犯深度是PFS的独立预后因素。同步放化疗较单纯放疗增加了急性胃肠道不良反应及骨髓抑制,但可耐受。单纯放疗和同步放化疗疗效无显著差异,需要进一步扩大样本量进行研究。