吉非替尼、厄洛替尼与埃克替尼治疗EGFR基因敏感突变晚期NSCLC患者的疗效观察

目的:观察吉非替尼、厄洛替尼与埃克替尼在EGFR基因敏感突变晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者一线治疗中的疗效差异。方法:收集2013年5月—2014年12月间在我院接受治疗的76例EGFR基因突变的晚期NSCLC患者,随机分为三组,A组接受吉非替尼治疗,250 mg,1次/d,空腹口服;B组接受厄洛替尼治疗,150 mg,1次/d,餐前1 h口服;C组接受埃克替尼治疗,125 mg,3次/d,评价疗效及安全性。结果:吉非替尼组、厄洛替尼组和埃克替尼组的客观有效率（ORR）分别为26.9%、34.6%和45.8%;疾病控制率（DCR）分别为61.5%、73.0%和79.2%。三组之间的有效率和疾病控制率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05）。三组的无进展生存时间（PFS）分别为9.5个月、10个月和9.5个月;19号外显子缺失突变型患者中,三组的PFS分别为8.5个月、12个月和9个月;21号外显子L858R错义突变型患者中,PFS分别为9.5个月、8.5个月和7个月,三组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05）。结论:吉非替尼、厄洛替尼与埃克替尼治疗EGFR基因突变的晚期NSCLC疗效相似,但在19号外显子缺失突变型患者中,厄洛替尼略显优势。     

埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌有效1例

晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)预后差,以化疗为主的联合治疗只能降低死亡风险26%-32%[1].近年来,非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗成为研究热点,其中尤以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(EGFR-TKI)进展最快,其代表药物吉非替尼(gefitinib、iressa)和埃罗替尼(erlotinib、tarceva).我科用埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一例取得了较好疗效,现报告如下.     

埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌有效1例

晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）预后差,以化疗为主的联合治疗只能降低死亡风险26％-32％。近年来,非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗成为研究热点,其中尤以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR—TKI）进展最快,其代表药物吉非替尼（gefitinib、iressa）和埃罗替尼（erlotinib、tarceva）。我科用埃罗替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）一例取得了较好疗效,现报告如下。     

舒尼替尼治疗伊马替尼治疗失败或不能耐受GIST的毒副反应及其防治

目的 探讨舒尼替尼(索坦)治疗甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗失败或不能耐受的胃肠间质瘤(GIST)患者的毒副反应情况及其防治措施.方法2009年1月至201 1年1月索坦治疗甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗失败或不能耐受的GIST患者41例,其中男性24例,女性17例,平均年龄55.5岁(29～82岁).29例口服索坦50mg/日,5例口服索坦...     

厄洛替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药的进展期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的　评价厄洛替尼对吉非替尼耐药的进展期非小细胞肺癌（ＮＳＣＬＣ）患者的疗效和安全性。方法　回顾性分析２００６年６月至２００９年２月１５例ＮＳＣＬＣ患者,均口服吉非替尼并出现病情进展,改换为厄洛替尼１５０ｍｇ,１次／日,直到病情进展或不良反应不能耐受为止。观察疗效、不良反应以及疗效与临床特征之间的关系。结果　厄洛替尼治疗吉非替尼耐药共１５例进展期ＮＳＣＬＣ患者,１例获得ＰＲ,４例获得ＳＤ,客观有效率为６.７％,疾病控制率为３３.３％。获有效和稳定的５例患者中４例曾吉非替尼治疗获益。厄洛替尼治疗的中位疾病进展期（ＴＴＰ）和中位总生存期（ＯＳ）分别为１１１天和２２３天。厄洛替尼获益的５例患者较未获益的１０例患者获得更长的ＴＴＰ（１１１天ｖｓ．３５.５天,Ｐ＜０.０５）。厄洛替尼最常见的副反应为轻度皮疹和腹泻。结论　厄洛替尼似乎是治疗吉非替尼耐药的进展期ＮＳＣＬＣ的有效药物,尤其是对于曾予吉非替尼治疗可以获益的患者,但厄洛替尼不应作为常规的二线选择,对患者谨慎筛选很有必要。     

吉非替尼治疗厄洛替尼致间质性肺炎后进展的晚期肺鳞癌１例

患者男性,61岁。2003年2月22日行"左肺下叶切除术",术后病理:肺鳞癌,支气管旁淋巴结转移(1/5)。术后给予4周期NP方案(长春瑞滨+顺铂)化疗及纵隔放疗,病灶控制良好。2004年11月因"左肾上腺转移癌"行左肾上腺切除术,病理检查示:差分化鳞癌,送检肾门淋巴结未见癌转     

阿帕替尼逆转阿法替尼耐药治疗EGFR20外显子插入突变晚期非小细胞肺癌1例

恶性肿瘤严重威胁人们的生命健康,尤其是肺癌。随着对肺癌分子生物学的深入研究以及相关靶向药物的开发,靶向治疗已经改变了晚期肺癌的治疗格局。目前肺癌靶向治疗耐药机制成为研究的热点。本文报道1例阿帕替尼逆转经阿法替尼治疗耐药的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase,EGFR)20外显子插入突变晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的治疗过程,并做文献复习。     

吉非替尼致间质性肺炎1例

吉非替尼(Gefitinib)又称ZD1839,商品名易瑞沙(Ires-sa),系AstraZenica公司开发的分子靶向治疗药物。日本最早将该药正式应用于临床,适应证为既往接受过化疗失败或不适于化疗的局部晚期或转移性NSCLC患者,后相继在美国、澳大利亚等30多个国家地区获得了批准上市,2005年在我国上市。我科1例晚期NSCLC患者服用Iressa后发生间质性肺炎,现报告如下:1病案摘要患者男,81岁,因咳嗽、咯痰8个月,喘憋加重2周于2005年9月7日入我院。患者于2005年1月因咳嗽、痰血在其它医院行支气管镜检及痰涂片均见腺癌细胞,因高龄未行手术及化疗,同年8月在其他…     

吉非替尼致间质性肺炎一例

患者女性,77岁,退休工人,因诊断肺癌1个月余,胸闷、喘憋22 d,加重1 d于2014年10月1日入院。既往无吸烟史和慢性支气管炎病史。患者2014年9月1日PET-CT检查提示：（1）左肺上叶软组织肿物,考虑周围型肺癌,伴周围炎症;（2）右枕叶低密度影,考虑转移可能性大;（3）双肺多发结节,考虑转移;（4）左侧胸膜增厚,考虑转移,伴左侧胸腔积液;（5）纵隔内多发结节,考虑为淋巴结转移;（6）骶骨密度不均,考虑转移;（7）右锁区多发小结节,可疑淋巴结转移。因患者年龄大,肺功能差,考虑其对支气管镜及肺组织穿刺活组织检查术耐受性差,结合患者病史、临床表现、影像学检查,临床诊断为左肺癌Ⅳ期。因患者既往无吸烟史,女性,考虑腺癌可能性大,故给予吉非替尼250 mg／d靶向治疗。服用吉非替尼约10 d后患者开始出现躯干部皮疹、腹泻、口腔溃疡等,第27天时患者出现胸闷、呼吸困难、喘憋,复查胸部CT提示：双肺间质性炎性改变,左肺病灶较前缩小。考虑患者为吉非替尼所致间质性肺炎,立即停用吉非替尼并给予甲泼尼龙40 mg静脉滴注口服及吸氧、平喘、化痰等治疗,5 d后患者胸闷、喘憋减轻,改甲泼尼龙40 mg静脉滴注为泼尼松25 mg每日1次口服,8 d后复查胸部CT提示：双肺间质性炎症样改变较前明显吸收、减少。     

Chemotherapy with mitomycin C and capecitabine in patients with advanced colorectal cancer pretreated with irinotecan and oxaliplatin

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To assess the activity and tolerability of the combination of mitomycin C and capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after failure of irinotecan and oxaliplatin-containing regimens. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 28 patients with pretreated advanced colorectal cancer who had been treated with mitomycin C, 6 mg/m2 on day 1, and capecitabine, 1900 mg/m2 on days 1-14, every 3 weeks. Tumor assessment was performed every 3 cycles, toxicity assessed at each cycle. RESULTS: Main patient characteristics were median age, 61 years (range, 35-73); male/female ratio, 16/12; single metastatic site involvement, 5/28 (18%); > or =3 metastatic sites, 10/28 (36%). Ninety-six courses of therapy were given (median number, 3; range, 1-9). Twenty-six patients were assessable for response, and all were assessable for toxicity. There was 1 partial response (4%) and 12 had stable disease (43%). Median time to progression was 2 months (range, 1-9) and median overall survival was 6 months (range, 1-29+), with a 1-year overall survival rate of 25%. The regimen was very well tolerated without significant hematological toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are disappointing. Despite the good safety profile, they do not support further investigation or the routine use of this regimen in this setting.     

Excretion of nitrates with saliva and urine and nitrite excretion with saliva in patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer

The study assessed excretion of nitrates in urine and saliva and that of nitrites with saliva of patients suffering gastric and duodenal ulcer. In both study groups, a positive correlation was established between nitrate concentration in saliva, on the one hand, and that in urine, and nitrite level in urine, on the other. The groups failed to show a difference in nitrate concentrations in either urine or saliva. Since retention of nitrates in the body of chronic gastritis patients held as precancer of the stomach proved no higher than that in patients with duodenal ulcer, the authors cast doubt on endogenous nitroso compounds as a cause of gastric cancer in cases of chronic gastritis.     

Social work with stepfamilies and their children with cancer

This paper explores the complexities of medical social work undertaken with stepfamilies caring for a child suffering from cancer. Although there is a growing literature dealing with the psycho-social effects of childhood cancer, there is an unexamined assumption that children are cared for by their birth parents within a traditional nuclear family. It is argued that the paediatric oncology social worker is challenged increasingly to develop understandings and modes of intervention which are appropriate and sympathetic to the particular issues facing stepfamilies. Using a systemic and chronological framework from referral and diagnosis through to bereavement, the authors identify challenges for the stepfamily, corresponding implications for social work practice, and questions for future research.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Distress overlaps with anxiety and depression in patients with head and neck cancer

Psychological problems in cancer patients often go unrecognized until they are specifically sought. This is more in patients with depression as they are reluctant to complain about their symptoms. The present study was carried out to evaluate the relation of distress with anxiety and depression in 123 patients with head and neck cancers using Distress Inventory for Cancer version 2 (DIC2) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). The mean DIC 2 scores were 24.6 while that of subscales ranged from 2.6 to 11.0. Fifteen patients were found to have clinical caseness for anxiety while 12 (10%) were caseness for depression. Total distress, emotional and social distress subscales were found to have positive correlation with anxiety and depression suggesting a possible overlap of two constructs. In multivariate analysis only belief in god was found to significantly affect the distress. Results of present study suggest significant psychological morbidity in head neck cancer patients undergoing curative treatment. This is the first study reporting on the psychometric properties of distress inventory on cancer version 2 since its validation, the results suggest a possible overlap of two constructs similar to that seen with other tools on distress and this may have major implications for clinical practice.     

Treatment with lenalidomide and dexamethasone in patients with multiple myeloma and renal impairment

Renal impairment (RI) is a common complication affecting patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Timely identification of MM-related RI and early treatment with novel antimyeloma agents can reverse renal damage in a high proportion of patients and improve outcomes. The IMiDs® immunomodulatory compound lenalidomide (Len) in combination with dexamethasone (Dex) is an effective and well-tolerated regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory (RR) MM. A retrospective analysis of Phase III data has shown that Len/Dex remains effective and well-tolerated in patients with moderate or severe RI, albeit with an increase in myelosuppression. This analysis demonstrated that in a high proportion of patients Len/Dex treatment can reverse MM-related RI and restore normal function. Lenalidomide has a predominantly renal route of excretion and in patients with RI the plasma concentration and half-life of the drug are significantly increased. As a consequence, lower starting doses are required in patients with RI to avoid over-exposure and an increased risk of adverse events, while maintaining good therapeutic index. A prospective cohort study in 50 patients with RRMM has reported that when Len/Dex dosing was adjusted according to renal function, response rates and survival outcomes were similar in patients with and without RI, and there was no increase in adverse events in patients with RI. Further clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy and tolerability of Len/Dex regimens in MM patients with RI, and to evaluate the impact of reversing renal damage in terms of patient survival.     

免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物与高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者HPV水平的相关性及与预后的关系

目的探讨免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物与有高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染的宫颈癌患者HPV水平的相关性及与预后的关系。方法选取有HPV感染的72例宫颈癌患者(宫颈癌组)、83例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)患者(CIN组)和50例慢性宫颈炎患者(慢性宫颈炎组)。比较不同宫颈疾病患者外周血免疫细胞(CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、CD56^+、Treg)水平和肿瘤标志物(K-ras、Ki-67)的阳性表达情况,高危型HPV宫颈癌患者HPV水平与免疫细胞及肿瘤标志物的相关性,以及有无淋巴结转移的高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者的免疫细胞水平及肿瘤标志物阳性表达情况,宫颈癌死亡患者与生存患者的免疫细胞水平及肿瘤标志物阳性表达情况。结果宫颈癌组患者的CD4^+、CD56^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均低于CIN组患者和慢性宫颈炎组患者(P﹤0.05),CD8^+、Treg的水平均高于CIN组患者和慢性宫颈炎组患者(P﹤0.05);3组患者的K-ras、Ki-67的阳性表达率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组患者的CD8^+、Treg水平及K-ras、Ki-67阳性表达情况与HPV-DNA水平呈正相关(r=0.546、0.402、0.645、0.713,P﹤0.05),而CD4^+、CD56^+水平与HPV-DNA水平呈负相关(r=-0.478、-0.463,P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组有淋巴结转移的患者CD4^+、CD56^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平均明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.01),而CD8^+、Treg的水平及K-ras(+++)、Ki-67(+++)的比例均高于无淋巴结转移的患者(P﹤0.05);宫颈癌组死亡患者的CD4^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、CD56^+水平均明显低于生存患者(P﹤0.01),而CD8^+、Treg的水平及K-ras(+++)、Ki-67(+++)的比例均明显高于生存患者(P﹤0.01)。结论与有高危型HPV感染的CIN患者和慢性宫颈炎患者比较,有高危型HPV感染的宫颈癌患者的免疫功能降低,而其肿瘤标志物K-ras、Ki-67表达升高,免疫细胞和肿瘤标志物的检测有助于高危型HPV感染宫颈癌患者的早期预防、诊断及预后评估。