测量断口分维的一种变分辨率码尺方法

本文提出了测量断口分维的一种变分辨率码尺方法，并利用ＷｅｉｅｒｓｔｒａｓＭａｎｄｅｌｂｒｏｔ理论分形曲线对变分辨率码尺方法与传统的变码尺方法进行了对比。结果表明，变分辨率码尺方法优于传统的变码尺方法。用扫描隧道显微镜（ＳＴＭ）利用变分辨率码尺方法在纳米尺度测定了Ｔｉ３ＡｌＴｉ２４Ａｌ１１Ｎｂ合金断口的分形维数。发现断裂表面在纳米尺度上存在分形结构，但不同断裂方向的分形维数不同：Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１１Ｎｂ合金的分形维数高于Ｔｉ３Ａｌ合金的分形维数     

分形纹理分析及其在雷达目标识别中的应用

作为一种自然景物的模型,分形几何越来越多地受到了人们的关注。分形纹理分析是分形在图像处理中的应用研究的一个主要内容。注意到仅用分形维数特征不足以描述和区分不同的图像纹理,本文采用不同尺度下的方向性分维的变化曲线作为纹理图像的特征,对不同纹理的图像进行识别。实验表明这一方法是有效的。最后,本文讨论了该方法在雷达目标情况识别技术中的应用。     

人食管癌癌变过程中细胞核改变的分形分析

目的探索形态定量在病理诊断中的新指标。方法将分形几何引入食管癌研究中,应用“分形分析系统”观察人食管癌癌变发生过程中细胞核的改变。结果发现正常上皮、重增上皮和原位癌细胞核的边界分形维数均大于其拓扑维数,即它们是分形结构,并且重增上皮的分维值大于正常上皮（Ｐ＜００１）,原位癌又大于重增上皮（Ｐ＜００１）。结论提示分形维数可定量地描述细胞核形态的不规则程度,分形分析对良、恶性肿瘤的病理学鉴别具有一定意义     

形态定量技术在食管癌病理学研究中的应用及其历史回顾

文章在简述形态定量技术基本原理和检测意义的基础上，对该技术在食管细胞涂片检测、组织纹理分析、分形及分形维数等定量指标在食管癌病理学研究中的应用进行了复习及回顾。     

STM图像的分形维数计算

本文提出了一种利用扫描隧道显微镜ＳＴＭ的图像数据,计算材料微观表面线维数和面维数的计算方法,并用该方法对不同分辨率的两种不同材料进行了处理、分析,发现材料表面分形维数可能与其晶体结构有关。     

细胞核形态的分形研究

本文应用分形的方法，研究了骨髓中的粒细胞系列，红细胞系列和两种白血病（急性原粒细胞白血病ＭＩ型和急性多颗粒早幼粒细胞性白血病）细胞核形态的分形特点，并测出了它们的分形维数。发现它们的分形维数均大于拓扑维数，即具有分形的特点；并将分形维数运用ＮｅｗｍａｎＫｅｕｌｓ方法进行显著性检验，证明了分形维数是描述细胞核边界不规则程度的一个重要参数，对区分不同形态的细胞核边界具有一定的参考价值     

体视学和三维显微术:可选的还是相互竞争的显微组织定量分析技术?

随着现代三维图像显示技术的发展,使用体视学方法从二维截面估计三维几何似乎越来越显得多余了。本文将讨论这两种途径的局限性并概述两者在实际应用中的优点。对场和特征物参量及数据简约问题进行了讨论。结论是,在大量的应用中,体视学方法是表征不规则三维几何的最有效途径。当需要表征比较复杂的参数如形状、排列或尺寸分布时,应当优先采用三维直接测量手段。从二维截面分析获得的参数,对于比较研究、经验相关性分析和“指纹”识别式描述则是非常有用的。     

表面分形表征在功能梯度材料中的应用

测量了采用等离子喷涂工艺制备的ZrO2/NiCrAl系功能梯度材料水平面与垂直面的分形维数,探索了整个等离子喷涂过程计算机模拟与分形表征之间的关系,初步建立了该材料分形维数与宏观性能之间的定量关系.结果表明,随NiCrAl含量的升高,分形维数呈曲线变化,分形维数与抗弯强度具有较好的对应关系;在NiCrAl为20%～40%附近存在渗流区域,抗弯强度出现突变.     

细胞图像形态的分形维研究

本文简述了分形及分形维的概念,针对分形在细胞图像形态测量中的应用,对细胞轮廓线盒维的计算模型建立进行了讨论,并将该模型用于测定具有多层细节的二维细胞图像的分形维数,验证了论文中提出的盒维计算模型。     

食管癌细胞涂片中癌细胞核改变的形态计量学研究

目的:为探索形态计量学在病理学诊断中的有效的、参数指标,并比较分形维数与传统的体视学参数中形状因子在定量描述肿瘤细胞核形态不规则程度的敏感性。方法:应用自行研制的“分形分析系统,FAS”和“多媒体彩色病理图文分析系统,MPIAS-500”,收集34例经纤维胃镜活检的人食管癌细胞学涂片,分别观察其正常食管粘膜鳞状上皮细胞核和食管癌细胞核的分形维数与形状因子的改变情况。结果:发现正常食管上皮细胞核和食管癌细胞核边界的分形维数均大于其拓扑维数,即它们都具有分形特征,分别为1.0426?.0167和1.2147?.0428,并且相互之间差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),而形状因子分别为1.053?.104和1.372?.131,相互之间的差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:分形维数与形状因子均可定量地描述细胞核形态的不规则程度,分形维数可能较为敏感。分形分析为肿瘤细胞的病理学鉴别诊断提供了一种定量指标,具有一定的实践意义。     

QUANTITATIVE METALLOGRAPHY FOR THE GEOMETRY OF ROUGH SURFACES IN THREE DIMENSIONS

Thanks to the development of metallographic and optical techniques, the quantitative characterisation of the geometry of rough surfaces has become very useful in practical applications. Today, numerous different methods are available for determining three dimensional co - ordinates, linear profiles or height contours to a reasonable degree of accuracy and within an acceptable time frame, and for evaluating such data. In this article, the use of such techniques in the field of fractography is demonstrated with reference to a number of case studies dealt with by the author' s own team, supplemented by several examples from other research groups.The following examples are discussed: In a ceramic material different fracture paths were discerned corresponding to different test temperatures. In hard metals, it was shown that both the sub - critical and super -critical propagation of cracks occurred along the same path. From measurements of the proportion of fracture surfaces occurring along and in the various     

In vitro adhesion of Candida glabrata to denture base acrylic resin modified by glow‐discharge plasma treatment

This study evaluated the potential of plasma treatments to modify the surface chemistry and hydrophobicity of a denture base acrylic resin to reduce the Candida glabrata adhesion. Specimens (n = 54) with smooth surfaces were made and divided into three groups (n = 18): control – non‐treated; experimental groups – submitted to plasma treatment (Ar/50 W; AAt/130 W). The effects of these treatments on chemical composition and surface topography of the acrylic resin were evaluated. Surface free energy measurements (SFE) were performed after the treatments and after 48 h of immersion in water. For each group, half (n = 9) of the specimens were preconditionated with saliva before the adhesion assay. The number of adhered C. glabrata was evaluated by cell counting after crystal violet staining. The Ar/50 W and AAt/130 W treatments altered the chemistry composition, hydrophobicity and topography of acrylic surface. The Ar/50 W group showed significantly lower C. glabrata adherence than the control group, in the absence of saliva. After preconditioning with saliva, C. glabrata adherence in experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. There were significant changes in the SFE after immersion in water. The results demonstrated that Ar/50 W treated surfaces have potential for reducing C. glabrata adhesion to denture base resins and deserve further investigation, especially to tailor the parameters to prolong the increased wettability.     

超细晶硬质合金显微组织与断裂路径的体视学表征研究

本文介绍了应用于硬质合金材料显微组织定量化表征的体视学参量的定义和测定方法。对制备出的不同特点的超细晶系列WC-10wt.%Co硬质合金试样,全面测定了其显微组织体视学参量,并获得了显微组织表征参量WC晶粒尺寸dWC、Co相平均自由程LCo和WC晶粒邻接度CWC-WC之间的确定对应关系。对系列硬质合金试样的断口路径显微组织进行了体视学表征和分析,据此提出了由显微组织参数判断合金断裂行为的基本依据。研究结果表明,有关体视学概念和参量的应用是定量表征亚微米超细晶硬质合金材料复相显微组织特征的最佳途径。     

金属断口三维参量定量测算法

比较分析了断口定量测算的各种方法，重点介绍体视学技术在定量断口学中的应用，例举了以立体对断口照片，按照体视学原理进行测算断口三维几何尺寸、求剖面截线及断口分维数的实验结果。     

Computer-aided construction and quantitative evaluation of missing-tissue compensators

We have implemented a system for the design and construction of missing-tissue compensators for Radiation Therapy. The patient topography is obtained by Moire' photography. The thickness of lead required to compensate for a given amount of missing tissue was determined experimentally for three photo-beam energies and a combination of field sizes and geometries. With the aid of a computer, tissue deficit information is converted to isolead-thickness lines. These are used as input to a computer-controlled milling machine to fabricate the compensator. The effectiveness of compensation was evaluated in phantom and in vivo. This work describes the initial effort required to implement a program for compensation of tissue deficit at the patient's surface. It also introduces tools for assessing quantitatively the degree of dose uniformity which can be achieved using compensators in clinical applications.     

肺癌细胞核形态的分形分析

目的在肿瘤细胞核形态的研究中引入分形论。方法选择肺癌标本１１例，在电镜下观察肿瘤细胞核的形态，通过分形图象处理系统，用数盒子的方法计算细胞核边界的分维值，并用ｔ检验在ＥＰＩ－５统计软件进行结果统计。结果肺癌细胞和支气管粘膜上皮细胞核边界的分维值大于其拓扑维值１（Ｐ＜０．０１），即它们是分形结构。肺癌细胞核边界的分维是１．１８３±０．０５４，大于支气管粘膜上皮细胞核的边界分维１．０５８±０．０１８（Ｐ＜０．００００１）。结论电镜下（放大倍数５０００～１２０００倍）肿瘤细胞核形态具有分形结构；分维定量地描述了肿瘤细胞核形态的不规则程度，对良恶性肿瘤的鉴别具有一定意义。     

免疫组化图像计算机定量分析中若干问题的探讨

本文根据多年计算机图像分析系统的使用经验,结合免疫组化图像分析的特点,详细分析了免疫组化图像计算机定量分析的主要环节及诸多方面的影响因素,尤其对免疫组化图像测量参数及测量方法的选择和设计进行了较深入的探讨。旨在提高免疫组化图像计算机定量分析数据的科学性、可靠性、可重复、可比性,尽可能避免人为因素对测量结果的影响。     

Three-dimensional Reconstruction and Fractal Geometric Analysis of Serrated Adenoma

Serrated adenoma (SA) is a relatively newly defined entity of colorectal neoplasm first characterized by Longacre and Fenoglio-Preiser in 1990. This lesion is characterized by a complicated serrated edge of crypts. In this study, we performed three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction, including 3-D distribution patterns of Ki-67-positive cells and fractal dimension of SA, in order to evaluate the nature of the complicated architecture, including its possible morphogenesis. We studied nine colonoscopic polypectomy specimens including three SAs, three tubular adenomas (TAs), and three hyperplastic polyps (HPs). Sixty serial tissue sections per case were stained alternately with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Ki-67 immunostain. Each serial image was then digitized for 3-D computer analysis and the distribution pattern of Ki-67-positive cells was evaluated. Ki-67-immunostained sections were also subjected to 2-D quantitative morphometric study. In addition, the fractal dimensions of images from H&E-stained sections were examined using a box-counting method. Results of the 3-D reconstruction study demonstrated that glandular budding and branching were more frequent in SA than in TA or HP. These findings were confirmed quantitatively by the results of fractal geometric analysis of these polyps (fractal dimension:1.34±0.08 for SA, 1.23±0.07 for TA, and 1.28±0.12 for HP). Ki-67-positive cells in HP were localized mainly in the bottom of crypts and those in TA were diffusely distributed, while Ki-67-positive cells in SA were mainly aggregated in the depressed sites of serrated epithelia. These findings were also confirmed quantitatively using 2-D morphometry. These distribution patterns of the proliferative zone of SA are considered to contribute to the formation of the characteristic serrated epithelia and the complicated morphological appearance of SA.