肾结核281例分析

目的　探讨临床肾结核的早期诊断和治疗。　方法　回顾性分析 2 81例肾结核患者的临床资料。　结果　膀胱刺激征、血尿和腰痛是最常见的临床症状。尿查抗酸杆菌、聚合酶链反应结核菌 (PCR TB DNA)和血清抗结核特异性抗体 (PPD IgG)检查阳性率分别为 42 .7%、44 .1%和6 2 .5 % ;IVU、B超、CT的诊断阳性率分别为 6 9.1%、2 8.3%、84.3%。 12 8例药物 (异烟肼 利福平 吡嗪酰胺三联治疗 ,6～ 8个月 )治疗者中 10 5例获痊愈 ,15 3例手术治疗者中 145例 (94.8% )施行患侧肾输尿管联合切除术。　结论　联合实验室检查可使临床不典型肾结核的诊断阳性率得到较大提高。IVU仍然是肾结核诊断的首选影像学检查 ,CT对可疑病例有一定的辅助诊断价值。早期肾结核短程三联治疗效果满意。肾结核肾切除应尽可能切除患侧输尿管。     

肾结核540例诊治分析

目的 提高临床肾结核的诊断及治疗水平.方法 总结1980年至2005年540例肾结核患者的临床资料.男 303例,女237例.发病年龄10～69岁,其中20～40岁364例(67.4%).病程6周～18年.主要症状为尿频、尿急、尿痛、脓尿和血尿,男性患者中症状不典型12例.尿抗酸杆菌检查276例、尿TB-PCR检查56例、IVU检查384例、B超检查379例、CT检查389例、膀胱镜检查158例.结核发生于左肾251例,右肾262例,双肾结核27例.合并男生殖系结核132例,继发男性结核性尿道狭窄18例,女性同时有结核性膀胱阴道瘘11例.一侧肾结核并发对侧肾积水74例.长程药物治疗84例,包括一侧肾结核57例和双肾结核27例;短程药物治疗后行患侧肾及部分输尿管切除456例,就诊时一侧肾结核对侧肾积水伴肾功能不全44例先行积水侧肾造瘘,肾功能改善后行结核肾切除,患侧肾切除术后发生肾功能不全4例,二次手术行肾造瘘.11例行狭窄段输尿管切除后膀胱再植术,挛缩性小膀胱致肾积水38例中行回肠膀胱扩大术27例、乙状结肠膀胱扩大术9例、膀胱再生术2例.其中7例患者拒绝再次手术,长期留置肾造瘘管.结果 尿抗酸杆菌阳性24.6%(68/276)、尿TB-PCR阳性57.1%(32/56);IVU诊断肾结核141例(36.7%)、患侧肾脏未显影227例(59.1%)、显示肾自截16例(4.2%);B超诊断肾结核156例(41.2%)、肾积水166例(43.8%)、多囊肾或肾囊肿21例(5.5%)、肾脏无明显异常36例(9.5%);CT诊断肾结核344例(88.4%).随访6个月～25年.药物治疗组12例一侧肾结核患者(19.1%)在6～12个月后无效或恶化,改行患肾切除,其余45例药物治疗后18～24个月尿液检查正常,IVU显示病灶稳定或消失.双肾结核患者27例死于肾功能衰竭4例,12例改行一侧肾切除(其中5例加行对侧肾部分切除),余11例随访结核病灶稳定或缩小,肾功能正常.结论 临床肾结核的发生率无明显下降,而肾结核的并发症明显降低,非手术治愈率显著增加.尿TB-PCR和IVU为早期肾结核的诊断方法.     

不典型中晚期肾结核诊治分析(附14例报告)

目的：探讨不典型中晚期肾结核的临床表现及诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析14例不典型中晚期肾结核的临床资料。结果：14例患者主要表现为血尿、腰痛、尿频、肾积水。尿常规异常86％(12／14)，尿沉渣找抗酸杆菌阳性率33％(3／9)，尿TB-PCR阳性率25％(1／4)，静脉尿路造影患肾不显影57％(8／14)，CT确诊率80％(8／10)。1例行药物治疗，13例行手术治疗。14例随访1～4年均治愈．发生输尿管残端综合征1例。结论：临床症状不典型以及部分病例起病隐匿，是导致中晚期肾结核误诊的重要原因。CT对中晚期肾结核的诊断最有价值，螺旋CT尿路成像或MRU对并发输尿管结核的诊断有帮助。治疗上仍以肾切除为主，术中应尽可能切除患侧输尿管。     

输尿管镜在早期泌尿系结核诊治中的应用

目的:探讨输尿管镜在早期泌尿系结核诊断和治疗的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析21例应用输尿管镜诊断和治疗早期泌尿系结核患者的临床资料。21例输尿管镜表现分别为输尿管狭窄14例、输尿管开口炎性水肿4例、输尿管下段息肉3例。18例通过输尿管镜收集肾盂尿作结核杆菌聚合酶链反应(MTb-PCR)、沉渣找抗酸杆菌(AFB)检查和结核杆菌培养诊断为泌尿系结核,其中16例(88.9%)尿MTb-PCR呈阳性,11例(61.1%)尿沉渣找AFB阳性,7例(38.9%)结核杆菌培养阳性。3例输尿管下段息肉,用输尿管镜摘除息肉作病理检查,2例病理诊断为输尿管结核,1例误诊为输尿管炎性息肉。11例输尿管下段狭窄予行输尿管镜狭窄内切开术,其余10例予行输尿管镜扩张置管术。除误诊为输尿管炎性息肉的1例患者外,20例术后均予抗结核治疗至少6个月。结果:21例平均随访18个月,12例(57.1%)一次手术治愈;8例出现狭窄复发,5例需再次行输尿管镜狭窄内切开术治愈,3例因狭窄多次复发致无功能肾行患肾切除术;误诊为输尿管炎性息肉1例,术后12个月复查发现患侧结核性脓肾及膀胱挛缩,予行患肾切除+乙状结肠膀胱扩大术。结论:早期泌尿系结核可表现为输尿管狭窄、输尿管开口炎性水肿或输尿管下段息肉。输尿管镜技术有助于早期诊断和治疗泌尿系结核。     

肾结核的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肾结核的发病特点,提高肾结核的诊断和治疗水平. 方法 1993至2007年收治肾结核患者223例.分析患者年龄分布、临床症状、影像学检查特点及其治疗情况. 结果 223例发病年龄20～40岁93例(41.7%),41～54岁81例(36.3%).病程1 d～30年,平均38.5个月.首诊时诊断为肾结核仅36例,187例有1次或多次误诊,最常见的误诊为尿路感染,占50.3%(94/187).临床表现以血尿(131例,58.7%)、尿频(122例,54.7%)、尿急(112例,50.2%)、尿痛(94例,42.2%)为主,同时存在≥3种症状者占58.3%(130/223).实验室检查尿找抗酸杆菌阳性率41.9%(65/155).221例行KUB加IVU检查,有典型肾结核影像学表现者79例(35.7%).223例行B超检查,考虑有肾结核病灶者161例(72.2%).104例行CT检查,考虑有肾结核病灶者79例(76.0 0%).首选手术治疗173例(77.6%),其中行患肾切除手术136例(78.6%)、行肾部分切除术或局部病灶清除术37例(21.4%).2例因尿毒症行透析治疗.48例(21.5%)明确诊断后门诊行抗结核药物治疗,临床治愈41例(85.4%),转行患肾切除手术7例(14.6%). 结论 肾结核患者发病趋于不典型化,临床遇到有尿路感染症状者,尤其是久治不愈的尿路感染患者,应警惕肾结核的可能.     

非典型肾结核45例诊治分析

目的：提高对非典型肾结核临床特点的认知及诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析1979年1月～2009年12月收治的45例非典型肾结核患者的临床资料：男24例,女21例,年龄19～61岁,平均38岁,其中20～50岁者38例,占84．4％。临床表现为尿频31例（68．9％）,肉眼或镜下血尿9例（20．0％）,尿常规不正常36例（80．0%）。15例（62．5％）男性患者曾诊为慢性前列腺炎,治疗1～3年无效,后诊为肾结核;7例伴有附睾结核,其中3例已在外院行附睾切除术。治疗前行尿路造影、CT和B超检查。9例采用异烟肼加利福平加乙胺丁醇药物治疗,疗程9～12个月;36例于抗结核治疗2、3周后行患肾切除术,4例加行附睾切除。结果：尿路造影、CT和B超诊断准确性分别为21．2％、100％和88．9％。36例手术治疗者全部治愈,9例药物治疗者中,5例在6～24个月复查时,患肾损坏严重,遂行肾切除。结论：非典型肾结核的膀胱刺激症状不明显,尿常规、B超、静脉肾盂造影是主要的检查方法,CT具有较大的诊断价值;外科手术仍是肾结核无功能肾的主要治疗手段。     

肾结核临床诊治的新特点

目的：探讨肾结核诊治的新特点,提高肾结核尤其是不典型肾结核的临床治疗水平。方法：对经病原学或病理学证实的87例肾结核患者的诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗进行回顾性研究。结果;综合运用尿常规、肾脏功能测定、红细胞沉降率、尿找抗酸杆菌、尿荧光TB检测、尿PCR-TB;器械检查包括膀胱镜、B超、静脉肾盂造影（IVU）、CT等;主要鉴别肾脓肿、肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄、肾肿瘤、输尿管结石等疾病,获得确诊。保守治疗;单纯抗结核药物治疗16例,抗痨及血液透析1例;手术治疗;患肾切除54例（62.5％）,（孤肾）肾造瘘3例,肠道代膀胱术4例（4.6％）。结论：近年来肾结核呈现非典型化,应强调对非典型肾结核的诊断和鉴别诊断;静脉肾盂造影（IVU）对肾结核的诊断缺乏特异性,应重视CT在肾结核早期诊断中的作用。治疗上仍以肾切除为主。     

中晚期肾结核36例的临床特征

目的:探讨中晚期肾结核的临床特征.方法:报告36例中晚期肾结核患者的临床资料.均无典型临床表现;尿抗酸杆菌阳性率为19.4%;B超、IVU、和CT诊断符合率分别为30.6%、36.7%、81.2%.26例肾脏已无功能行手术切除(开放性手术20例,腹腔镜手术6例);10例行抗结核保守治疗,其中5例置双J管引流.结果:31例痊愈,5例失访.结论:肾结核的临床表现不典型、治疗不及时是导致中晚期肾结核发生的主要原因;CT对中晚期肾结核的诊断最有价值;治疗以肾切除术为主,术中应尽可能切除患侧输尿管;腹腔镜手术可以列为首选的治疗方法.     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床诊治特点分析

目的 探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治特点.方法 女性泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者10例.平均年龄39(28～49)岁.病史6个月～3年.膀胱子宫内膜异位症4例,临床表现为月经期尿路刺激症、下腹部坠痛不适感,其中伴肉眼血尿1例.B超、CT检查提示膀胱占位病变直径2.0～3.5 cm.输尿管子宫内膜异位症6例,左侧4例,右侧2例.临床表现为腰腹部不适4例,间断无痛性肉眼血尿1例,查体B超偶然发现肾积水1例.B超检查肾盂分离2.0～4.5 cm,输尿管中上段扩张1.0～2.0 cm,其中1例输尿管下端占位伴肾重度积水;CT检查输尿管下段狭窄5例,长度2.0～3.0 cm;输尿管下段占位病变1例.结果 10例均行手术治疗.膀胱部分切除4例,其中同时切除双卵巢、子宫1例;输尿管部分切除输尿管膀胱吻合术3例,输尿管端端吻合术2例,肾输尿管全长切除1例.术后病理诊断均为子宫内膜异位症.术后9例服用17α-乙炔睾丸酮200 mg,2次/d,持续6～12个月.10例患者随访12～60个月,8例恢复良好;2例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者术后18、24个月复发,予内置输尿管支架管,分别口服17α-乙炔睾丸酮及注射戈舍瑞林治疗3个月后症状缓解.结论 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症多无特异性表现,术前确诊困难,手术切除病灶效果好,辅助药物治疗可预防复发.     

泌尿系子宫内膜异位症临床诊治特点分析

目的 探讨泌尿系子宫内膜异位症的临床诊治特点.方法 女性泌尿系子宫内膜异位症患者10例.平均年龄39(28～49)岁.病史6个月～3年.膀胱子宫内膜异位症4例,临床表现为月经期尿路刺激症、下腹部坠痛不适感,其中伴肉眼血尿1例.B超、CT检查提示膀胱占位病变直径2.0～3.5 cm.输尿管子宫内膜异位症6例,左侧4例,右侧2例.临床表现为腰腹部不适4例,间断无痛性肉眼血尿1例,查体B超偶然发现肾积水1例.B超检查肾盂分离2.0～4.5 cm,输尿管中上段扩张1.0～2.0 cm,其中1例输尿管下端占位伴肾重度积水;CT检查输尿管下段狭窄5例,长度2.0～3.0 cm;输尿管下段占位病变1例.结果 10例均行手术治疗.膀胱部分切除4例,其中同时切除双卵巢、子宫1例;输尿管部分切除输尿管膀胱吻合术3例,输尿管端端吻合术2例,肾输尿管全长切除1例.术后病理诊断均为子宫内膜异位症.术后9例服用17α-乙炔睾丸酮200 mg,2次/d,持续6～12个月.10例患者随访12～60个月,8例恢复良好;2例输尿管子宫内膜异位症患者术后18、24个月复发,予内置输尿管支架管,分别口服17α-乙炔睾丸酮及注射戈舍瑞林治疗3个月后症状缓解.结论 泌尿系子宫内膜异位症多无特异性表现,术前确诊困难,手术切除病灶效果好,辅助药物治疗可预防复发.     

多层螺旋CT尿路造影在肾结核诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT尿路造影(CTU)在肾结核诊断中的应用价值.方法 经术后病理证实的肾结核患者30例.男16例,女14例.平均年龄44(19～73)岁.左肾结核17例,右肾结核13例.临床表现尿路刺激症状者18例、腰痛18例、血尿6例、发热者2例、体检偶然发现2例、左阴囊肿大为主要症状者1例.术前均采用螺旋CT薄层增强扫描及三维重建技术诊断,评估CTU检查的应用价值.结果 30例患者中,CTU诊断肾结核29例(97%).其中肾实质内多发囊性低密度灶肾盂无扩张积液25例,结核钙化18例,肾盂输尿管管壁增厚、输尿管管腔狭窄17例,肾皮质变薄12例,膀胱挛缩充盈不良2例.IVU诊断肾结核9例(30%),肾盂、肾盏未能显影20例.1例CTU示左输尿管下段结石、左肾盂及输尿管扩张积液,IVU示左输尿管结石、左肾积水,术后病理检查证实左肾结核.结论 CTU具有快速薄层扫描、容积重建及图像后处理功能,对于中晚期IVU 不显影的肾结核有较高的诊断价值.     

肾结石并发肾结核的诊断(附6例报告)

目的：探讨肾结石并发肾结核的诊断方法。方法：回顾性分析６例此病患者临床资料。结果：临床诊断正确者１例,术后病理确诊者４例,１例因接受ＥＳＷＬ后尿液结核杆菌培养阳性而确立诊断,临床诊断准确率为１６．７％。结论：肾结石并发肾结核临床表现不典型,肾结核症状多被肾结石症状掩盖,故应注意临床资料中有提示意义的线索,对肾结石伴肾功能严重损害而患肾大小变化不显著尤应警惕并发肾结核。     

不典型泌尿系结核的诊治(附23例报告)

目的：探讨肾结核的诊断与治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析23例肾结核患者的临床资料，将不典型泌尿系结核分为七类。结果：除膀胱刺激征、血尿等最常见的症状外，泌尿系结核的临床症状越来越不典型。除肾功能尚好的6例采用联合服药治疗，2例随访治愈外，余17例行患肾及输尿管切除术，术后病理检查诊断为肾结核。6例获得随访，2例并发结核性小膀胱，2例并发输尿管残端综合征，2例痊愈。结论：静脉肾盂造影（IVP）是肾结核首选的有诊断意义的检查方法，对不典型肾结核的诊断需要在提高认识的同时重视病史，综合分析尿细菌学及IVP检查，必要时联合逆行肾盂造影（RP）、CT检查才能确诊。个别患者只有在手术时才能确诊。强调晚期肾结核行半尿路全切除术十分重要；肾功能尚好的早期肾结核患者行三联化疗是有效的。     

泌尿系结核的诊断体会（附36例报告）

目的：提高泌尿系结核的诊断水平,方法：回顾性分析36例泌尿系结核的临床资料,总结其诊断经验,结果：最常见的主诉为尿路刺激征和血尿,分别为64％和47％;尿沉渣涂片找抗酸杆菌和尿PCR－TBDN阳性率分别为22％和30％,IVU,逆行肾盂造影,CT的确诊率分别为33％,29％和68％,36例接受手术治疗,且术后病理检查均证实为泌尿系结核。结论：泌尿系结核的临床诊断应综合病史,尿液分析,影像学检查,病原学诊断等多种方法,力求寻找更多证据,X线检查应首选IVU和逆行肾盂造影,对两者未能明确诊断者,可选择CT检查,对于中,晚期肾结核,CT的诊断价值较逆行肾盂造影更大。     

近期泌尿系统结核诊治体会(附36例报告)

目的提高泌尿系统结核的诊治水平。方法总结了３６例患者的诊治体会。结果尿路刺激症状和血尿为最常见症状，分别为７８％和３６％。２４小时尿抗酸杆菌和尿结核ＰＣＲ的阳性率分别为２５％和４０％，ＩＶＵ，逆行尿路造影及ＣＴ的诊断符合率分别为３８％，６３％和４４％。３３例患者接受了肾及部分输尿管切除术，肾上盏结核病灶清除术１例，对侧输尿管膀胱吻合术１例及肾穿刺造瘘术１例。１例患者并发血行播散型结核死亡。结论尿沉渣染色查抗酸杆菌仍应作为泌尿系结核诊断的主要方法，ＰＣＲ法在结核诊断的意义尚需较长时间的验证。ＩＶＵ和逆行尿路造影可作为泌尿系结核诊断首选的影像学检查，对两者不能明确诊断的，可选择磁共振水成像和ＣＴ检查。对肾及输尿管结核可不做输尿管全长切除。     

Tuberculosis in Egyptian kidney transplant recipients: study of clinical course and outcome

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infection encountered post-transplantation especially in developing countries, with high incidences of morbidity and mortality. In this report, we study the risk factors and impact of TB on the outcome of kidney transplantation. METHODS: Of 1200 live-donor Egyptian kidney transplantations, 45 (3.8%) patients developed post-transplant TB. Of these, five had had TB pre-transplantation and 40 were male. The mean age was 32.6 +/- 10.5 years. Primary immunosuppression treatment for 39 (86.7%) patients was cyclosporine (CsA). RESULTS: The mean time interval between transplantation and TB diagnosis was 49.8 +/- 41.5 (range 2-180) months. In 86.7% of patients, TB was diagnosed one year post-transplantation. Urinary TB was the most common form (53%), while pleuropulmonary TB accounted for 38%. All post-transplant TB patients received a triple anti-tuberculous therapy (rifampicin, ethambutol and INH) with a favorable response in all but two patients who needed another 24-month course. Hepatotoxicity was seen in 11 patients, eight were mild with normalization after temporary withdrawal of rifampicin, and three cases were severe, but mortality was not attributable to hepatocellular failure. Twelve patients died, 11 of them due to unrelated causes. Chronic rejection occurred in more than half of the patients (55.6%), of whom 24 (96%) were CsA-treated, which can be attributed to rifampicin/CsA interaction. More than 35% of TB patients lost their graft as a result. Pre-transplant tuberculosis patients had a comparable post-transplant course. CONCLUSIONS: TB is a common infection in renal transplant recipients with a peak incidence occurring one year post-transplant. Chronic rejection is a serious complication that had a negative impact on the graft survival, especially in CsA-treated recipients. INH prophylaxis is safe in pre-transplant TB. The post-transplantation outcome in the pre-transplant tuberculosis patients is no different from non-TB patients.     

恩施地区脊柱结核病流行病学特点及其临床治疗观察

目的：分析研究恩施地区脊柱结核病的流行特征,为今后制定更有效的防治措施提供科学依据。方法回顾性调查研究2009年1月至2013年12月到恩施州各县市二级及以上医院就诊并确诊为脊柱结核患者的临床资料,统计所有患者一般情况及诊疗情况,对病例进行流行病学及诊疗情况分析。结果2009年1月至2013年12月各医院共接诊218例确诊为脊柱结核的患者,前4年病例数相当,2013年病例数迅速增长,为历年最高。就诊病例中呈现20~40岁和40~60岁两个高峰,＜20岁所占比例最低。恩施市籍病例最高,利川市次之。以汉族、土家族为主,多种民族散发。病例中绝大多数为农民。腰椎节段结核所占比例最大,其次为胸椎。共有183例患者接受手术。患者采用三联或四联疗法,术前用药时间为2~4周,术后用药时间为12~18个月。18例（8.26%）患者术后出现复发,经处理后均好转。结论通过分析发现农民（包括外出农民工）为结核病好发人群,应被列为脊柱结核病防控工作的重点监控对象,对农民群体进行宣传教育,普及结核病防治知识,让他们在疾病的预防、诊断及治疗方面得到更多更有效的保障。     

Urinary tuberculosis: ten years' experience

In this study of 26 patients, clinical features diagnosed as urinary tuberculosis in our nephrology and urology clinics between 1993 and 2002 were investigated retrospectively. Fifteen patients (52%) were male, and mean age was 43.5 (18-71). Twenty percent of the patients were asymptomatic. Frequency-dysuria (46%), flank pain (33%), and macroscopic hematuria (12%) were presenting symptoms. Physical examination was not diagnostically helpful in most patients. Hematuria and/or pyuria were detected in 80% of the patients. Eleven patients had positive urine cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (42%), and 7 patients had positive smears (25%). Definitive diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis was established microbiologically in 15 patients (58%) and histopathologically in 11 patients (42%). Tuberculin skin test was positive in 60% of the patients. Eight patients had an abnormal chest roentgenogram. Hydronephrosis (majority bilateral) in 11 patients (42%), contracted bladder in 9 patients (34.6%), and renal calcification in 6 patients (23%) were detected. Two patients also had genital tuberculosis (epididymoorchitis). Although only medical treatment was applied in 13 patients for 9 months, in the rest of the patients medical therapy plus surgical intervention was carried out. End-stage renal failure developed in one patient who died on hemodialysis. Renal functions had decreased moderately in two other patients. In conclusion, the diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis was able to be established after the obstructive complications and functional losses were developed in a fair number of cases. Surgical treatment was carried out in half the patients. Urinary tuberculosis should be taken into consideration because early diagnosis and treatment is very important for the presenting of irreversible sequelae.     

Urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein: discrimination between IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Microscopic hematuria without proteinuria is a common clinical finding in cases of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and of thin basement membrane nephropathy. Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) is expressed in renal proximal tubules and is reported to be a useful marker of the progression of chronic glomerulonephritis. AIM: To assess urinary L-FABP levels for differential diagnosis in patients with microscopic hematuria but without proteinuria. METHODS: This was a multi-center retrospective study. Thirty adult patients who underwent renal biopsy for microscopic hematuria and 20 healthy adult volunteers were included in this study. Urinary L-FABP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared, particularly between those diagnosed with IgA nephropathy and those diagnosed with thin basement membrane nephropathy. RESULTS: Twelve (40%) patients had IgA nephropathy, 6 (20%) had thin basement membrane nephropathy and 12 (40%) had normal biopsy findings. The urinary L-FABP level was significantly higher in patients with IgA nephropathy (38.4 +/- 26.8 microg/g Cr) than in healthy subjects (5.8 +/- 4.0 microg/g Cr) (p < 0.01); however, the level in patients with thin basement membrane nephropathy or normal biopsy results was comparable to that in healthy subjects. Follow-up data were available for 11 of the 12 patients with IgA nephropathy who initially had no proteinuria. After 24 months, 4 of the 11 were found to have proteinuria, and the urinary L-FABP level had increased from 40.6 +/- 30.5 microg/g Cr to 58.8 +/- 40.5 microg/g Cr (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the urinary L-FABP level can be used to discriminate between IgA nephropathy and thin basement membrane nephropathy in patients with microscopic hematuria.