外固定器结合有限内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的观察外固定器结合有限内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折的临床效果及探讨该方法在胫骨远端骨折治疗中的价值。方法采用Orthofix外固定器结合有限内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折48例,首先将腓骨骨折复位固定,恢复下肢的长度及力线,然后对胫骨远端骨关节面骨折通过有限的切开复位,空心钉或克氏针固定,最后采用Hybrid环形或铰链式外固定器固定。对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果随访46例,随访时间6～47个月,所有骨折均愈合,踝活动范围平均背伸20°,跖屈40°。并发症包括针道感染12例,创伤性关节炎4例。根据Helfer踝关节功能评定标准:优20例,良16例,差10例,优良率为78.3%。结论外固定器结合有限内固定治疗胫骨远端骨折可有效地减少感染等并发症,提高治疗效果,是一种比较安全、可靠的治疗方法。     

介绍一种胫骨平台夹

目的研究一种新的骨折外固定器。方法 用自行研制的胫骨平台夹治疗４例胫骨平台骨折和１例股骨髁骨折。结果 经临床观察和随访，治疗效果满意。根据需要，闭合复侠后外固定器还可行加压固定治疗。结论胫骨平台夹具有操作简单，固定可靠的特点，适宜胫骨平台和股骨髁骨折的治疗。     

胫骨平台骨折手术治疗新进展

胫骨平台骨折手术治疗一直在追求最坚强的内固定术式、最保护软组织的外固定方式、最微创手术入路并不断取得新进展.基于CT的三柱分型理论有助于更方便、更有效地指导临床治疗,提高胫骨平台骨折治疗效果.切开复位内固定仍然是治疗胫骨平台骨折的主要手段,微创经皮钢板固定、经皮螺钉固定等微创技术并发症少、疗效确切,仍具有明显优势.俯卧位、漂浮体位的后侧、后外侧入路,目前已成为胫骨平台骨折治疗的新选择.外固定支架治疗伴有骨骼、肌肉、皮肤严重缺损的胫骨平台骨折可获得满意的临床疗效.胫骨成形术和球囊扩张胫骨成形术在治疗胫骨平台衰竭骨折和压缩性骨折方面已显示独特优势,可能会成为治疗胫骨平台压缩性骨折的良好选择.关节镜辅助下治疗胫骨平台骨折较传统开放式手术,有更加确切的治疗效果,值得临床推广应用.     

胫骨骨折外固定器固定与内固定疗效比较

目的：探讨单侧简易外固定器与内固定治疗胫骨骨折疗效。方法：６５例胫骨骨折随机２组,１组３７例行外固定器固定,另１组２８例行内固定,从平均住院日、骨折愈合时间、并发症３个方面进行比较分析,结果：外固定器组平均骨折愈合时间４．２月,平均住院日短,并发症少。结论：单侧简单易外固定器固定治疗胫骨骨折疗效优于内固定组。     

外固定器加微创植骨治疗胫骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合

目的：探讨运用外固定器加微创植骨治疗胫骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合，观察其疗效。方法：运用外固定器行胫骨复位加压固定，对骨折不,连接处用磨钻磨除骨折端纤维及硬化骨质，行骨折端闭合植入微粒松质骨。结果：17例手术切口均一期愈合，全部病例经1年以上随访，骨折合部愈合，愈合时间在3个月－6个月。结论：骨外固定器加微创植骨，骨折固定牢稳，不破坏断端血运，有利于骨的修复，创伤小，是治疗胫骨骨折不愈合、延迟愈合的一种较好方法。     

可动式外固定器与双钢板治疗C型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨高能量、严重粉碎性C型胫骨平台骨折的治疗方法。方法应用有限切开复位双钢板内固定结合短期跨关节可动式外固定器治疗32例严重粉碎性胫骨平台骨折。结果32例平均随访2·4年,骨折全部愈合。按HSS标准进行膝关节功能评估,其中优9例,良16例,可5例,差2例,优良率78·1%。结论跨关节、可动式外固定器与双钢板治疗严重粉碎性胫骨平台骨折,既能很好地恢复关节面的解剖关系,又有利于膝关节早期活动,固定牢靠,避免了关节僵硬和骨不连的发生,是治疗严重粉碎性胫骨平台骨折的较好方法。     

外固定器结合有限内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨组合式外固定器结合有限内固定治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折的临床价值。方法2002年1月至2007年1月使用组合式外固定结合有限内固定治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折20例,男15例,女5例;年龄21～49岁,平均年龄33岁。所有病例均为开放性Ⅱ～Ⅲ度污染胫骨平台骨折类型,清创后平台采用空心钉内固定,干骺端采用组合式外固定器固定。结果术后伤口一期愈合18例,2例因皮肤撕脱伤部分皮肤坏死,经过二期植皮术后愈合。术后针道感染2例,经过换药后愈合。随访8～24个月,平均16个月,骨折平均愈合时间为6个月。膝关节功能评分采用Rasmussen评分法,优良率为85％。1例患者出现创伤性关节炎。结论组合式外固定器结合有限内固定是治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折的有效方法,损伤小,对软组织干扰少,皮肤坏死及伤口感染发生率明显减少,并可早期活动。     

半环槽式外固定器结合有限内固定治疗复杂胫腓骨骨折

目的 探讨应用半环槽式外固定器结合有限内固定治疗复杂胫腓骨骨折的疗效。方法 应用拉力螺钉及钢丝对骨折区域内骨折块进行有限内固定，恢复骨折块正常解剖关系，经有限内固定后胫腓骨骨折区域用半环槽式外固定器固定，外固定范围不超出膝，踝关节，术后第2天行主动膝，踝关节活动锻炼，术后2－3周行走负重。结果 随访12－18个月，骨折骨性愈合时间20－24周（平均22周），无骨感染，骨外感，内固定物外感，肢体肿胀，关节僵硬。结论 半环槽式外固定器结合有限内固定术式是治疗复杂胫骨骨折的有效方法。     

有限切开内固定结合组合式外固定器治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨有限切开内固定结合组合式外固定器治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法复杂胫骨平台骨折33例,采用Schatzker分型Ⅳ型12例,Ⅴ型13例,Ⅵ型8例。有限切开复位HYBRID外固定支架系统固定。结果平均随访22个月,Rasmussen评分优良率为90.9%。结论有限切开内固定结合组合式外固定器治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折疗效确切,对膝关节创伤小,可恢复患肢的正常力线及膝关节的稳定性,术后早期功能锻炼有助于膝关节功能的恢复。     

苏氏正骨法与外固定结合治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的:比较苏氏正骨法结合外固定与内固定治疗胫骨平台的疗效。方法:本组240例胫骨平台骨折中男185例,女55例;年龄24~64岁,平均42岁。随机分为外固定组(A组)和内固定组(B组),每组120例,分别采用苏氏整复手法结合外固定器(A组)和切开复位钢板螺钉内固定(B组)治疗,比较两种疗法的疗效。结果:240例均获随访,随访时间6~20个月,平均12.4个月,按临床功能评分标准:A组优25例,良88例,可6例,差1例,优良率94.17%;B组优11例,良86例,可23例,差0例,优良率80.83%。两组疗效经秩和检验,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论:苏氏正骨法与外固定结合是治疗胫骨平台骨折的一种有效方法,但越膝外固定器限制膝关节活动,需进一步改进成带活动轴可屈曲式外固定器。     

Flexible fixation and fracture healing: do locked plating 'internal fixators' resemble external fixators?

External and internal fixators use bone screws that are locked to a plate or bar to prevent periosteal compression and associated impairment of blood supply. Both osteosynthesis techniques rely on secondary bone healing with callus formation with the exception of compression plating of simple, noncomminuted fractures. External fixation uses external bars for stabilization, whereas internal fixation is realized by subcutaneous placement of locking plates. Both of these "biologic" osteosynthesis methods allow a minimally invasive approach and do not compromise fracture hematoma and periosteal blood supply. Despite these similarities, differences between the two fixation methods prevail. Locked plating "internal fixators" allow a combination of biomechanical principles such as buttressing and dynamic compression. Periarticular locking plates are anatomically contoured to facilitate fixation of articular fractures. They allow for subchondral stabilization using small-diameter angular stable screws as well as buttressing of the joint and the metaphyseal component of a fracture. Biomechanically, they can be far stiffer than external fixators, because subcutaneous plates are located much closer to the bone surface than external fixator bars. External fixators have the advantage of being less expensive, highly flexible, and technically less demanding. They remain an integral part of orthopaedic surgery for emergent stabilization, for pediatric fractures, for definitive osteosynthesis in certain indications such as distal radius fractures, and for callus distraction.     

Revision of failed hip resurfacing to total hip arthroplasty rapidly relieves pain and improves function in the early post operative period

The locking compression plate (LCP) is an angle-stable fixator intended for intracorporeal application. In selected cases, it can be applied externally in an extracorporeal location to function as a monolateral external fixator. We describe one patient with Schatzker V tibial plateau fracture and one patient with Gustillo IIIB open tibia shaft fracture treated initially with traditional external fixation for whom exchange fixation with externally applied LCPs was performed. The first case went on to bony union while the second case required bone grafting for delayed union. Both patients found that the LCP external fixators facilitated mobilization and were more manageable and aesthetically acceptable than traditional bar-Schanz pin fixators.     

有限内固定结合外固定支架与钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

[目的]探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架与钢板在胫骨平台骨折治疗中的应用及其疗效.[方法]2007年1月～2011年1月从胫骨平台骨折患者中选取58例,男38例,女20例;年龄19～ 54岁,平均(42.7±8.9)岁,按Schatzker分型:Ⅳ型17例,Ⅴ型31例,Ⅵ10例,其中外支架组31例,钢板内固定组27例,术后随访6～17个月,平均14.1个月.[结果]有限内固定结合外支架固定组平均手术时间(57.4±12.1)min,平均术中出血量(161.3±17.0) ml,平均骨折愈合时间为(12.4±1.5)周,切口感染率为6％,针道感染率为9％,Lysholm评分:优21例,占67％,良8例,占25％,差2例.钢板内固定治疗组平均手术时间(105.4±23.8) min,平均术中出血量(252.4±28.9)ml,平均骨折愈合时间为(15.5±2.5)周,切口感染率为4％,Lyshol评分:优16例,占60％,良10例,占37％,差1例.手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间,评分组间比较有显著差异(P＜0.05),切口感染率、Lysholm评分组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]两种方法治疗胫骨平台骨折,功能恢复佳,疗效满意,外固定架是目前治疗胫骨平台开放性骨折较为理想的治疗方式,尤其适用于胫骨平台骨折合并有严重的软组织损伤与缺损患者.     

Outcome of open comminuted tibial plateau fractures treated using an external fixator

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of open severe comminuted tibial plateau fractures treated with minimal internal fixation and circular external fixation frames. Methods Fifteen open comminuted tibial plateau fractures were involved in this retrospective study. In eight knees, the fracture was reduced through an extended open traumatic wound. In seven patients, another limited incision over the major fracture line or area of comminution was performed to assist in reducing the articular reduction. Simultaneous bone grafting, soft tissue reconstruction, and stabilization of the fracture using a circular external fixator were carried out. Results The patients were followed for an average of 32 months (range 24–54 months). The average time to union of the fractures and frame removal was 22.8 weeks (range 16–44 weeks). The quality of the reduction of the joint surface was rated as anatomical in four patients, good in five patients, fair in three patients, and poor in three patients. Four patients experienced loss of articular reduction. The Knee Society Clinical Rating scores indicated that three knees were excellent, seven were good, one was fair, and four were poor. Complications included one case of septic arthritis, one of osteomyelitis, one of malunion, and four with loss of reduction. Conclusions This technique provided acceptable results for open severe comminuted fractures of the tibial plateau without comminuted posterior wall fractures. The most significant disadvantage of the technique is insufficient anatomical reduction and loss of reduction in comminuted posterior wall fractures in the coronal plane. This technique should be combined with a minimally invasive internal fixation method to prevent loss of reduction in open severe comminuted and irreducible tibial plateau fractures.     

膝关节镜辅助微创内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助微创内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法 2002年1月～2009年3月,对32例胫骨平台骨折行膝关节镜下微创内固定治疗。Hohl分型:Ⅱ型14例,Ⅲ型9例,IV型9例。取膝前内、外侧标准入路进镜,依次检查整个关节腔。在膝关节镜监视下,用撬拨器将塌陷的平台解剖复位,直到关节软骨面平整。平台复位后其下的空隙用人工骨或自体骨填充,经皮或小切口用空心螺纹钉、可吸收螺钉或支持钢板固定骨折块。合并半月板及关节韧带损伤时镜下作相应处理。术后康复训练。结果术后2～4个月骨折愈合,骨折线消失,关节面平整,下肢力线正常,膝关节活动度平均大于110°,无并发症。26例随访6～24个月,平均10个月,术后6个月时按雍氏评分标准,优22例,良3例,可1例,优良率96.2%(25/26)。结论关节镜监视下复位微创内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折创伤小、并发症少、术后康复快、疗效满意。     

关节镜辅助下内外联合双钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助下内外侧联合入路双钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法复杂胫骨平台骨折42例,其中SchatzkerⅣ型3例,Ⅴ型27例,Ⅵ型12例,均采用内外联合入路,关节镜协助操作及检查关节面的复位情况,同时治疗半月板损伤14例及交叉韧带损伤13例。充分植骨以支持关节面的复位。内固定方法：内侧采用小T型或重建锁定钢板,外侧采用加压或锁定高尔夫型钢板。结果 41例伤口一期愈合,1例切口皮肤软组织坏死行皮瓣修复后愈合。本组42例经平均2.6（0.5～4）年随访,骨折愈合时间平均5（3～19）个月。按Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准,优35例,良4例,中3例,优良率92.9%。所有病例无膝关节内外翻畸形,仅有3例（7.1%）术后有轻度的关节面再次塌陷。结论关节镜辅助下内外双侧钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折是简单有效的办法,内固定稳定,术后可进行早期功能锻炼,疗效确切,并发症少。     

胫骨平台骨折术后感染原因分析及治疗对策

目的 分析胫骨平台骨折钢板固定术后伤口感染的原因,探讨总结应用小腿近侧蒂肌皮瓣治疗方法的疗效.方法 2005年1月至2009年5月,经治胫骨平台骨折钢板内固定术后并发伤口感染不愈、软组织缺损、钢板外露、创伤性骨髓炎52例.彻底扩创、清理死骨、对髓腔开放者清理髓腔,并取不同层次炎性肉芽组织送实验室细菌学及药敏测试,对钢板固定失效者更换外固定架.创腔内放置载万古霉素或妥布霉素硫酸钙人工骨,骨缺损较大者,取自体髂骨混合植骨,选取小腿近侧蒂皮瓣填充覆盖修复创面.放置引流,抗生素静脉注射3至4周,定期拍摄X线片直至骨折愈合.结果 52例组织缺损均得到满意修复.随访时间最长5年,最短1年,骨折愈合最快4个月,最长1年.2例术后分别于第3、4个月骨髓炎复发再次手术治愈.3例术后6个月骨折不愈再次手术植骨后4～6个月愈合.结论 胫骨平台骨折钢板内固定术后并发伤口感染不愈软组织缺损、创伤性骨髓炎的治疗需要综合措施,应用小腿近侧蒂相应肌皮瓣填充创腔、覆盖闭合修复缺损创面、改善局部血供、促进骨折愈合是取得治疗成功不可或缺的方法之一.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the reason of post-operative infection of tibial plateau fracture, the therapeutic effect of using pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg was researched and summarized. Methods There were 52 patients of tibial plateau fracture after internal fixation complicated by disunion of infected wound and soft tissue defects, traumatic osteomyelitis from January 2005 to May 2009. After pre-operative physical examination, laboratory examination, X-ray, CT scan and bacterial culture of the secretion,the operation, such as debridement, dead bone moving, medullary cavity cleaning, transferring to the external fixation when the internal fixation lost efficacy and bacterial culture of granulation tissue of different levels. The cavity was filled with RBK combined with vancomycin or tobramycin. If the cavity was rather large, autografts from the iliac bone were combined. The tissue defects were covered with pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg, and the wound had effective drainage. The antibiotic was used for 3-4 weeks, and the X-rays were given at fixed period until the fracture was cured. Results The soft tissue defects of all 52 patients were repaired well. They were followed from 1 year to 5 years, and the time of bone union ranged from 4 months to 1 year. Two patients of osteomyelitis had a relapse after 3,4 months, then they were cured by the second operation. Three patients had unhealed fracture after 6 months, then they were cured by bone grafting again after 4-6 months. Conclusion Patients of tibial plateau fracture after internal fixation complicated by disunion of infected wound and soft tissue defects, traumatic osteomyelitis should be cured by comprehensive treatments, one of the crucial treatment for success is using pedicle musculocutaneous flaps of proximal leg to fill in lacuna, close wound, improve the local blood supply and promote bone union.     

胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折外科治疗的思路和手术方法的选择。方法自2000年6月～2003年9月共收治胫骨平台骨折207例(陈旧性损伤不统计在内),男129例,女78例,共212个胫骨平台骨折(5例为双侧骨折)。闭合性损伤165侧,开放性损伤47侧。按Schatzker分类并予以分别行非手术治疗19例、单髁空心螺钉固定24例、单侧植骨并高尔夫钢板螺钉固定116例、切开复位植骨双侧高尔夫钢板螺钉固定37例、经皮间接复位钢板内固定11例。结果根据Hohl膝关节功能平分法进行综合平分：优149例,良29例,可20例,差16例。结论根据胫骨平台骨折的特点而选择不同的手术方法,在首先保护骨折部血运的情况下,对胫骨平台进行解剖复位并予以适当的内固定,以及手术后积极的无负重下膝关节功能训练是获得良好手术效果的关键。     

顺势复位技术微创治疗FraserⅡ型浮膝损伤的疗效

目的探讨顺势复位技术微创治疗FraserⅡ型浮膝损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年11月至2018年7月河北医科大学第三医院创伤急救中心采用顺势复位技术微创治疗的7例FraserⅡ型浮膝损伤患者资料。男5例,女2例;年龄30~82岁,平均52岁;7例患者均为浮膝损伤合并胫骨平台骨折,其中FraserⅡA型(胫骨平台骨折伴有股骨干骨折)5例,ⅡC型(胫骨平台骨折伴有股骨髁骨折)2例。应用顺势双反牵引复位器分别闭合复位股骨及胫骨平台骨折,微创置入内固定物。记录手术时间、单个切口平均长度、失血量、透视次数等数据。随访拍摄患者下肢正、侧位X线片,记录骨折愈合时间;末次随访时采用美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)评估膝关节功能。结果7例患者手术时间平均为87.2 min,单个切口长度平均为2.8 cm,失血量平均为471 mL,透视次数平均为37次。所有患者术后X线均显示骨折对位及力线良好,关节面平整。7例患者切口均为甲级愈合。7例患者术后随访时间为12~21个月(平均15.6个月),骨折愈合时间平均为12.8周。末次随访时患者HSS评分结果显示:优6例,良1例。结论采用顺势双反牵引复位器可分别闭合复位微创固定股骨侧骨折及胫骨侧骨折,可获得较好的膝关节功能。     

经后内侧入路锁定接骨板固定治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折

目的 探讨经膝关节后内侧入路锁定接骨板固定治疗胫骨平台后侧骨折的临床疗效.方法 对23例胫骨平台后侧骨折患者采用经膝关节后内侧入路显露骨折,行锁定接骨板固定.对2例合并严重前外侧平台骨折者加用前外侧入路予以复位固定;对关节面塌陷者予以自体髂骨植骨.术后早期膝关节康复锻炼.结果 患者切口均一期愈合.1例术后并发腘静脉血栓,予以抗血栓治疗后治愈.无其它并发症发生.患者均获随访,时间12～36个月.术后12个月根据膝关节HSS评分标准评定:优17例,良4例,可2例.结论 对胫骨平台后侧骨折采用后内侧入路、锁定接骨板内固定疗效满意.手术入路的正确选择、关节面骨折的解剖复位、坚强有效的内固定是手术成功的关键.