大收肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的 :探讨大收肌腱转位重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位(RDP)的手术方法和临床疗效。方法:自2012年5月至2014年9月,收治复发性髌骨脱位患者19例,其中男6例,女13例;年龄13~17岁,平均16岁;病程3~18个月,平均6个月。所有患者行大收肌腱转位重建内侧髌股韧带。比较手术前后Lysholm评分、外侧髌股角及Q角变化情况。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间12~18个月,平均16.5个月。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。无膝关节疼痛、肿胀,髌骨脱位或半脱位发生。外侧髌股角由术前的(-3.8±4.9)°恢复到术后的(10.3±4.1)°;Q角由术前的(16.4±3.1)°减小至术后的(10.5±1.2)°;Lysholm评分由术前的(68.6±8.5)分提高至末次随访的(93.7±6.5)分,其中优15例,良3例,可1例。结论:采用大收肌腱转位重建内侧髌骨韧带可明显恢复髌骨稳定性,是治疗青少年复发性髌骨脱位的有效的方法之一。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 2005年1月-2010年1月,对22例(22膝)复发性髌骨脱位患者采用关节镜下外侧支持带松解,取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。男5例,女17例;年龄15～19岁,平均17.3岁。髌骨脱位3～8次,平均4次。主要临床症状为患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、无力,活动受限。髌骨倾斜试验、恐惧试验、内侧髌股韧带止点处压痛、髌骨向外推移时恐惧征均呈阳性。根据国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分标准,膝关节功能主观评分为(36.7±4.7)分,Lysholm评分为(69.3±3.8)分。X线片示患者髌骨向外倾斜。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间18～49个月,平均34个月。术后患者关节疼痛、肿胀、无力等症状较术前明显改善。随访期间患者髌骨脱位无复发。末次随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(92.4±5.3)分,Lysholm评分为(91.7±5.2)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可明显改善髌骨稳定性,是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法之一。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。[方法]自2011年6月~2013年6月,对12例髌骨复发性脱位(单侧10例,双侧2例)行关节镜下外侧支持带松解,保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带。测量髌股外侧角的大小及Lysholm评分进行效果评价。[结果]术后随访12~18个月,术后1年Lysholm评分由术前(65.1±18.6)分显著提高到术后(92.0±10.1),髌股外侧角由术前(-2.1±8.7)度恢复到(10.4±3.9)°。所有患者在术后6~8个月恢复到受伤前的运动水平。[结论]保留股骨止点的内收大肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可明显恢复髌股关节稳定性,是治疗儿童复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法之一。     

膝关节镜联合C型臂治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的探讨膝关节镜联合C型臂透视下定位重建内侧髌股韧带等长点治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法自2013年10月至2017年5月收治复发性髌骨脱位58例(63膝),男26例28膝,女32例35膝;年龄16~47岁,平均(21.8±7.16)岁。采用膝关节镜联合C臂机透视下定位内侧髌股韧带等长点,自体半腱肌肌腱移植双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。对其进行影像学评价:Q角、胫骨结节股骨滑车沟(tibia tuberosity-trochlear groove,TT-TG),Insall-Salvati指数、髌股适合角、外侧髌股角、髌骨外移率;临床疗效评价包括国际膝关节评分委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分。结果所有病例均获得随访,随访时间1~40个月,平均21个月。术后恐惧试验均阴性,随访期间无髌骨再脱位及骨折发生。末次随访时髌股适合角(0.20±4.19)°,外侧髌股角(3.52±1.33)°,髌骨外移率(0.35±0.14)。与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);IKDC膝关节功能主观评分(87.46±4.04)分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分(87.28±3.33)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜联合"C"型臂透视下定位重建内侧髌股韧带等长点治疗复发性髌骨脱位的近期效果可靠。     

关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位及临床疗效。方法我科在2014年4月至2016年7月,通过关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位17例,术后定期随访,末次随访评估手术前后外侧髌股角、膝关节Kujala、Lysholm评分。结果 17例患者,2例后期失访,平均随访时间19.4个月。复查J-sign(-)、髌骨恐惧试验(-)、髌骨外推移位试验(-),末次随访评估手术前后外侧髌股角、膝关节Kujala、Lysholm评分,行配对t检验,结果显示术后较术前差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位是一种疗效显著的手术方式。     

内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 回顾性分析自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床结果.方法 复发性髌骨脱位31例行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解,并对患者进行影像检查及膝关节功能评分.结果 术后随访24～56个月,31例均无再次脱位;功能评分术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自体半腱肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位效果可靠.     

双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位的疗效分析

[目的]探讨双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位临床疗效,为临床治疗提供参考。[方法]选择60例髌骨脱位患者,采用双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带进行治疗,术后行膝关节CT检查,测量股骨滑车沟角、关节融合度角、外侧髌骨角、髌骨倾斜角;采用Kujala评分和Lysholm评分对膝关节功能进行主观评估,并与术前进行对比。[结果]术后患者全部获得随访,平均时间为(12.9±2.5)个月。伤口一期愈合,无感染、不愈合发生,无下肢深静脉血栓形成。体格检查髌骨倾斜试验、髌骨外推试验阴性,无复发性脱位发生。术后CT测量,髌股适合角由(21.89±4.49)°减小为(10.70±2.12)°;外侧髌骨角由(2.03±5.49)°增加为(8.29±2.13)°;髌骨倾斜角由(22.10±4.2)°减小为(12.70±1.65)°,差异均具有统计学意义。关节功能评分:Kujala评分由(57.47±7.99)提高为(87.57±5.88);Lysholm评分由(62.32±5.36)提高为(92.15±3.61),差异均具有统计学意义。[结论]内侧髌股韧带双束解剖重建治疗髌骨脱位,能纠正不良的髌骨轨迹,改善患者主观症状,提高膝关节功能。短期临床观察无复发性脱位发生,但是重建手术中创伤大,中期疗效还需要进一步研究探讨。     

自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的分析关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法对2012—2015年期间我院收治的36例复发性髌骨脱位患者进行关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。手术前后及随访期内定期行CT检查,记录髌骨外移率、髌骨倾斜角及髌股合适角,并做好Tegner、Kujala、Lysholm评分。结果 36例患者随访时间1~3年,平均1.5年。患者术前髌骨外移率、髌骨倾斜角及髌股适合角分别为(49.13±2.37)%、(12.31±2.83)°、(35.86±5.01)°,末次随访时为(8.92±1.67)%、(7.98±1.33)°、(12.07±1.73)°,改善明显(P0.05);Tegner、Kujala、Lysholm术前评分分别为(3.36±0.87)分、(56.91±3.07)分、(57.23±2.83)分,末次随访时为(5.33±1.02)分、(90.18±3.01)分、(92.53±2.81)分,有显著提高(P0.05)。结论关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可有效恢复关节解剖结构,改善膝关节功能。     

重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的中期效果。方法:2007年2月至2010年1月,复发性髌骨脱位65例,男6例,女59例;年龄17～24岁,平均20岁;右膝35例,左膝30例。全部取自体同侧半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带。手术前后采用Lysholm及Tegner进行功能评分,影像学采用Congruence角及Sulcus角评分。结果:全部病例获随访,时间15～23个月,平均20个月,无膝关节髌骨半脱位或脱位。Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前的(60.6±3.7)分升至(89.8±4.6)分(t=-15.58,P=0.00);IKDC评分从术前的平均(40.0±3.5)分升至(82.0±3.6)分(t=-27.44,P=0.00);Tegner评分从术前的平均(3.6±0.4)分升至(5.6±0.3)(t=-10.84,P=0.00);Congruence角由术前的平均(26.4±3.9)°降至(4.3±1.8)°(t=16.15,P=0.00);Sulcus角由术前的平均(148.8±2.0)°降至术后的(140.5±1.6)°(t=10.51,P=0.00)。结论:重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位能提供足够的张力,维持髌骨稳定性。     

A technique for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament

Additional medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction was performed successfully on six consecutive patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella because of residual patellar instability after medial transfer of the tibial tubercle. A technique for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction is described, and complications and postoperative management are discussed. The reconstruction was performed using a double strand hamstring tendon graft in five patients and iliotibial allograft in one. Good stabilization of the patella was achieved in all six patients, resulting in improved confidence in higher levels of activity. The satisfactory outcome of additional medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction suggests the possibility that the procedure may be part of the optional procedure in proximal realignment for recurrent dislocation of the patella.     

关节镜下外侧支持带囊外松解结合髌股内侧支持带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:介绍复发性髌骨脱位的关节镜下微创手术技术及疗效.方法:复发性髌骨脱位16例,男3例,女13例;年龄14～32岁,平均17.6岁;病程6～23个月,平均18.5个月.关节镜下髌股外侧支持带囊外松解,自体股薄肌腱游离移植重建髌股内侧支持带重建,手术前后根据Lysholm评分评价疗效.结果:全部患者获随访,时间6～48个月,平均12个月.患者的Q角由术前的(16.4±3.7)°减小至重建后6个月的(10.1±1.4)°,Insall指数由术前的1.37±0.25减小至重建后6个月的1.28±0.23,适配角由术前的(21.3±2.6)°减小至重建后6个月的(5.86±2.23)°,Lysholm评分由术前的76.1±5.2提高至重建后6个月的89.8±4.1.结论:关节镜下外侧支持带囊外松解结合髌股内侧支持带重建治疗复发性髌骨脱位可减少出血及术后瘢痕粘连,创伤小,有利于患者术后功能康复.     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建结合外侧支持带松解及胫骨结节内移垫高治疗习惯性髌骨脱位

目的 :探讨关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带重建、外侧支持带松解、Fulkerson胫骨结节截骨内移垫高术(三联术)治疗习惯性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法:对2010年3月至2016年5月收治的35例习惯性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男14例,女21例;年龄18~38岁,平均25.8岁;左膝12例,右膝23例。均采用关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带重建、外侧支持带松解、Fulkerson胫骨结节截骨内移垫高术治疗。对比术前术后Q角、TT-TG值及Kujala评分变化。结果:所有患者获随访,时间9~35个月,平均23个月。术后Q角男性组由(29.2±2.0)°改善为(14.8±1.2)°(P0.05),女性组由(30.6±2.3)°改善为(16.7±1.5)°(P0.05)。CT示TT-TG值由术前(20.3±2.2)mm改善为(10.3±1.2)mm(P0.05)。术后Kujala评分由47.8±7.5改善至88.4±6.2(P0.05)。结论 :关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带重建、外侧支持带松解、Fulkerson胫骨结节截骨内移垫高术治疗习惯性髌骨脱位近期临床疗效良好。     

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a novel approach

Recurrent patellar instability is common, and multiple procedures have been described for its treatment. Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction can be successful in patients who have an incompetent medial patellofemoral ligament or who have failed medial patellofemoral ligament repair and present with recurrent patellar instability. This article describes a novel approach to medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using a folded hamstring allograft with a new knotless suture anchor and bio-interference screw fixation. The principal advantage of this construct is the ability to definitively fix the medial patellofemoral ligament soft-tissue graft on the femur and provisionally fix the graft to the patella while assessing for reasonable medial patellofemoral ligament isometry throughout the arc of knee motion.     

内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效研究

目的探讨游离肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带的手术方法及治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法自2006年6月至2012年7月收治复发性髌骨脱位患者共40例（47膝）,男10例（12膝）,女30例（35膝）,年龄7～51岁,平均19．4岁。全部经膝关节镜检最后确诊,其中43膝采用游离自体半腱肌,4膝采用异体肌腱,通过髌骨双隧道移植重建内侧髌股韧带,镜下动态调整移植肌腱的张力,使髌股关节对合达到正常,并用挤压螺钉将肌腱游离端固定在股骨止点。其中8例（10膝）同时行髌韧带止点内移术。结果有36例（42膝）患者获得随访,随访时间3—70个月,平均随访23个月。临床疗效评价包括髌骨主观稳定性评估、Lysholm膝关节评分及Insall疗效标准（1976年）。术后髌骨外推试验和恐惧试验均为阴性。手术前后Lysholm评分术前平均为（63．1±9．1）分,术后评分为（87．1±6．4）分,手术前后的差异有统计学意义（t=21．7,P〈0．05）。按Insall疗效标准,优良率为85．7％。结论采用以游离肌腱重建MPFL为主的综合术式治疗复发性髌骨脱位,手术效果满意。     

Die Rekonstruktion des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments mit der getunnelten Semitendinosussehne

OBJECTIVE: Stabilization of the patella by reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. INDICATIONS: Chronic recurrent lateral dislocation or subluxation of the patella. Habitual lateral dislocation of the patella. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Primary dislocation of the patella. Genu valgum with a Q-angle > 15 degrees . Status following semitendinosus tendon transfer to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Joint infection. Neurogenic instability, ischiocrural muscle deficiency. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Division of the distal insertion of the semitendinosus muscle at the pes anserinus. Subligamentous tunneling at the proximal insertion of the medial collateral ligament. The distal end of the semitendinosus tendon is transferred through the subligamentous tunnel to the medial patellar margin. Fixation of the tendon to the medioproximal patellar margin by passing it through an oblique transpatellar drill hole. RESULTS: The patella was stabilized by dynamic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in 14 patients with chronic recurrent or habitual lateral patellar dislocation. Ten patients were available for clinical follow-up assessment at an average of 13 months (8-27 months) postoperatively. The postoperative Kujala Index (maximum 100 points) increased on average from 56 to 95 points.     

Editorial Commentary: From Lateral Release and Medial Plication to Complex Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Techniques: Medial Quadriceps Tendon Femoral Ligament Reconstruction Is the Most Anatomic Repair

Patella instability and dislocation are common in younger patients, and 1 in 5 patients are at risk of recurrent dislocations. Conservative treatment should be considered for first dislocations unless other concomitant injuries are present. Historically, lateral patella release and medial plication techniques were used for repair but have been superseded by medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. Overconstraint is a potential problem and often related to nonanatomic femoral tunnel position and graft tension, which could result in increased patellar contact pressures and graft failure. The medial quadriceps tendon–femoral ligament reconstruction technique (MQTFL) avoids patellar tunnels without the risk of patella fracture. When comparing medial patellofemoral ligament, MQTFL, and the combination of both techniques in a cadaver model, MQTFL resulted in less constraint with no differences for patellar contact pressures. Medial quadriceps tendon femoral ligament reconstruction is the most anatomic repair.     

Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for chronic patellar instability

Background:

Disruption of the capsule, medial patellar retinaculum, and/or vastus medialis obliqus has been associated with recurrent patellar instability. Biomechanical studies have shown that the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main restraint against lateral patella displacement and reconstruction of the MPFL has become an accepted surgical technique to restore patellofemoral stability in patients having recurrent patellar dislocation. We report a prospective series of patients of chronic patellar instability treated by reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve patients (15 knees) with recurrent dislocation of patella, were operated between January 2006 and December 2008. All patients had generalised ligament laxity with none had severe grade of patella alta or trochlear dysplasia. The MPFL was reconstructed with doubled semitendinosus tendon. Patients were followed up with subjective criteria, patellar inclination angle, and Kujala score.

Results:

The mean duration of followup after the operative procedures was an average of 42 months (range 24–60 months) 10 knees showed excellent results, 3 knees gave good results, and 2 knees had a fair result. The average patellar inclination angle decreased from 34.3° to 18.6°. The average preoperative Kujala functional score was 44.8 and the average postoperative score was 91.9.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon gives good results in patients with chronic patellar instability without predisposing factors like severe patella alta and high-grade trochlear dysplasia, and for revision cases.