经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎转移性肿瘤

目的研究经皮穿刺椎弓根途径椎体成形术对胸、腰椎椎体转移性肿瘤的临床效果及其机理。方法对31例46个胸、腰椎椎体转移癌患者施行经皮椎弓根途径骨水泥注入,对患者疼痛程度采用视觉模拟评分法进行治疗前后评估、分级,术前术后神经功能评定,分别对患者术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月进行疼痛、神经症状和生活质量进行评价。结果31例患者18例局麻药药效消失后疼痛缓解,8例48h疼痛缓解,2例1周疼痛缓解,1例4周后疼痛缓解,但有2例术后出现神经症状加重。11例出现骨水泥渗漏,其中2例术后出现神经根损伤,1例出现马尾神经综合征,1例出现肺部小栓塞灶。结论经皮穿刺椎弓根途径椎体成形术对胸、腰椎转移性肿瘤具有良好的止痛效果,能够有效预防椎体病理性骨折的发生,改善患者的生活质量。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移性肿瘤

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）对胸腰椎椎体转移性肿瘤疼痛的疗效及其安全性。方法 23例胸腰椎转移性肿瘤患者的48个受累椎体,其中单个椎体转移6例,2个椎体转移9例,3个椎体转移8例;病变位于胸椎5例,位于腰椎7例,位于胸腰椎11例;所有患者均有不同程度的腰背部疼痛,3例有轻度神经症状。对48个病椎施行PVP,采用视觉模拟评分法（visual-analoguescale,VAS）对患者治疗前后的疼痛状况进行评估、分级。术后1周、3个月、6个月进行常规随访,评价疼痛缓解程度。结果 23例患者中15例术后局麻药药效消失后疼痛缓解,5例24 h后疼痛缓解,3例48 h后疼痛缓解。11例无骨水泥渗透,另12例出现骨水泥渗漏,其中2例术后出现神经根症状。23例全部获得随访,随访时间6～25个月,平均随访14.6个月,均无椎体进一步压缩、滑脱等改变。术后1周的优良率为75%,有效率为85%;术后3个月的优良率为70%,有效率为80%;术后6个月的优良率为55%,有效率为65%。结论 PVP对胸腰椎椎体转移性肿瘤疼痛具有良好的止痛效果,能有效预防受累椎体进一步压缩,手术简单安全,可有效改善患者的生存质量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的疗效观察

目的：观察经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌的效果。方法：对25例胸腰椎椎体转移癌患者的37个椎体在C型臂X线透视下经皮椎体穿刺并注入骨水泥成形，术后按疼痛缓解程度6级评定法及简明健康状况调查表（SF-36）对治疗后患者生活质量进行评估。结果：所有患者术后均未发生感染、脊髓压迫和肺栓塞等并发症。24例患者术后2～72h内疼痛得到不同程度缓解，1例多发脊柱严重破坏者术后疼痛无缓解，术后1周疼痛缓解优良率为72．0％。术后随访3～27个月，平均7个月，根据SF-36评分，患者总体生活质量评分由术前的平均232分提高到末次随访时的平均349分。结论：经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎椎体转移癌安全可行，具有良好的止痛效果．能够有效改善患者的生活质量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的：探讨椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的早期临床效果。方法：对18例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人的20个椎体，经皮椎弓根向椎体内穿针并注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）。结果：18例病人平均每个椎体注入骨水泥6．5ml，X线检查骨水泥充盈良好，骨折复位满意。术后12h至3d，疼痛明显减轻或消失，应用视觉模拟评分法测试疼痛缓解81％，术中术后无明显并发症出现。对16例病人随访3－6个月，疼痛未复发，椎体形态未见改变。结论：经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折，能够迅速缓解疼痛，增加椎体的稳定性，是安全有效的微创技术。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年性骨质疏松性椎体骨折所致腰背疼痛

目的：评价经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty，PVP)治疗老年性骨质疏松性椎体骨折所致疼痛的效果。方法：32例(67个压缩性椎体)行经椎弓根路径PVP治疗。压缩椎骨注射骨水泥量为4～12ml。结果：全组得到随访，随访时间为3～9个月。疼痛范围仅限于压缩椎体部位者15例，其中11例术后疼痛消失，4例疼痛缓解，有效率100％；压缩椎体部位同时伴非压缩椎体部位疼痛者17例，其中术后疼痛消失6例，减轻4例，无效7例，有效率58．8％。总有效率为78．1％。并发骨水泥外漏9例(椎旁漏5例、椎管内静脉丛漏3例、椎间盘内漏1例)，但未出现不良后果。结论：PVP治疗老年性骨质疏松性椎体骨折所致腰背疼痛尤其是一种疗效较好的方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的初步观察

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗严重骨质疏松性椎体骨折的临床效果。方法：采用新型注射材料磷酸钙骨水泥（cacium phosphat cement,CPC)对6例严重骨质疏松性椎体骨折病人（共14个椎体），在C型臂X线机透视下行经皮经椎弓根CPC注入椎体成形术，平均随访3个月。结果：所有病人腰背痛症状均在术后8-24h基本缓解。5例术前因疼痛不能坐立的病人术后卧床24h后均能坐起，随访2-4个月病情稳定。结论：采用CPC经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折操作简单，较安全，可有效缓解疼痛。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体血管瘤

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体血管瘤(VH)的疗效.方法 18例胸腰椎VH患者累及椎体共22个(胸椎8个,腰椎14个),除1例不全截瘫患者(Frankel C级)外均采用经皮椎弓根入路,19个椎体双侧椎弓根、2个椎体单侧椎弓根注射.透视下骨水泥注入治疗,1例ⅣB型VH辅以无水乙醇注入,1例截瘫患者给予后路切开减压、骨水泥置入、椎弓根螺钉固定.观察疼痛和椎体形态的变化.结果 18例均获随访,时间9个月～3年,平均(23.33±8.02)个月.14例疼痛即刻缓解;1例2 d缓解;1例ⅣA型VH术后神经症状明显缓解, 6个月时神经症状基本消除;1例术后症状部分缓解,仍有下腰痛, 3个月后给予椎间盘造影后,L4～5椎间隙能诱发明显下腰痛,行后路椎间盘摘除、椎间融合器融合、椎弓根内固定,症状完全缓解.1例不全截瘫者3个月后逐步弃拐行走,神经恢复达Frankel E级.未见再发病例.结论 PVP治疗VH可获得即刻稳定和疼痛很快缓解的效果.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法 对20例老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人的27个椎体，经皮经椎弓根向椎体内穿刺并注入聚甲基丙烯酸甲醇(PMMA)，测量并计算术前和术后椎体前／后缘高度比值。结果 20例病人平均每个椎体注入量为5．8ml，经x线检查骨水泥充盈良好。术后4—6h疼痛开始缓解，无显危害性并发症发生。术前和术后椎体前／后缘高度比值无显性差异。对19例病人随访3-8个月，疗效评价按WHO标准CR PR率为100％。结论 经皮椎体成形术是一种有效的微创治疗技术。能迅速缓解老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折所致的疼痛，加固椎体。增强脊柱稳定性。     

局部麻醉侧卧位下经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨局部麻醉侧卧位下经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效。方法 采用局部麻醉侧卧位下经皮椎体成形术治疗15例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者。记录双侧椎弓根穿刺成功率、手术时间、术中透视次数、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥渗漏情况，比较手术前后疼痛VAS评分、伤椎后凸角、伤椎前缘高度比，采用MacNab评定标准评估疗效。结果 手术均顺利完成，无术中血管神经损伤、术后谵妄及认知障碍等并发症发生。双侧椎弓根穿刺成功率13/15,手术时间35～65(45.7±8.8)min,术中透视20～38(28.9±5.3)次，骨水泥注入量3.0～6.0(4.0±0.8)ml/椎。骨水泥渗漏4例。患者均获得随访，时间6～18个月。术后6个月采用MacNab评定标准评价疗效：优10例，良4例，可1例，优良率14/15。疼痛VAS评分、伤椎后凸角、伤椎前缘高度比：术后2 d及末次随访时均较术前改善(P<0.05),末次随访与术后2 d比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 局部麻醉侧卧位下经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折能显著改善患者疼痛，疗效明确。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法 26例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者中20例采用单侧椎弓根穿刺注射,6例采用双侧椎弓根穿刺注射。术后比较VAS及ODI变化评价疗效。结果所有患者均穿刺成功,单个椎体注射骨水泥量为3.0～4.5 mL(平均3.2 mL),全部病例获随访6～24个月,平均13.5个月。椎体高度和后凸畸形无明显恢复。术后VAS评分和ODI明显改善。结论 PVP是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全、有效的方法,其缓解疼痛效果明显。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

复合小剂量阿曲库铵对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵同时复合阿曲库铵用于全凭静脉诱导的起效时间。方法择期全麻手术患者80例,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组单用3ED95(0.15 mg/kg)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵作为对照组;另三组分别用3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵复合阿曲库铵0.05 mg/kg(B组)、0.10 mg/kg(C组)或0.15 mg/kg(D组)。采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测。静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼5μg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg及相应剂量肌松药,记录起效时间,进行气管插管条件评级。结果B、C、D组肌松起效时间依次加快,均明显短于A组(P<0.01),但B、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论复合小剂量阿曲库铵能缩短3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的起效时间。     

胰头癌63例临床病理分析

目的:探讨接受外科治疗的胰头癌患者的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性将根治性切除与姑息性切除手术病例进行对照,对其年龄、性别、症状、体征、围手术期情况、肿瘤标记物检查、临床病理、手术并发症、手术切除率、生存率及其影响因素进行分析。结果:63例中,52例(91.2%)获得随访,根治组中位生存时间(13.8个月)明显高于姑息组(6.2个月)(P0.05),姑息组(6.2个月)与非手术组(5.4个月)无明显差异(P0.05);根治组患者导管腺癌发生率与姑息组比较有显著差异(P0.05);T1期患者切除率高于T4期(P0.01),CA19-9数值与胰头癌可切除率无明显相关(P0.05)。结论:手术是提高胰头癌患者生存率的重要手段,具有不同临床分期的胰头癌病人手术切除率及术后生存期具有显著差异。CA19-9可作为胰头癌常规的筛查方法,但与疾病进展程度无关。     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头及壶腹部癌（附97例临床分析）

为提高胰头及壶腹部癌的疗效，总结９７例胰十二指肠切除术（ＰＤ）治疗胰头及壶腹部癌的诊治经验。癌肿切除率为３４．４％，手术并发症发生率为３８．４％，手术死亡率为１１．３％，术后１、３和５年生存率分别为６８．８％、４３．１％和３０．０％。认为要提高本病早期诊断率，必须对可疑高危病人提高警惕，首选Ｂ超检查，Ｂ超和ＥＲＣＰ两项联合检查可提高本病早期诊断。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of enuresis nocturna on quality of life of the mothers. Mothers who have a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n = 28) and mothers who have a child without any health problems (n = 38) were enrolled in the study. Groups were in balance for background variables (child’s age, gender, and number of siblings; mother’s age, marital status, highest year of education completed, and occupation; presence of health insurance; and type of residence). Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Spielberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to all mothers. The mothers of children with enuresis had significantly lower quality-of-life scores in the SF-36 for the bodily pain (p = 0.015) and role emotional (p = 0.014) subscales. We observed significant difference between groups according to BDI; mean score was higher in mothers who have a child with enuresis nocturna (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference between groups according to the STAI. Significant differences according to bodily pain and role emotional subscales of SF-36, and the BDI scores, show that the mothers were negatively affected by having a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.     

192-Saporin对SD大鼠股骨发育的作用研究

目的研究胆碱能神经系统对骨发育的影响。方法用192-Saporin抑制SD乳鼠胆碱能神经系统的发育和功能,每2d腹腔注射1次,持续2周,股骨进行大体测量和生物力学检测,坐骨神经行Loyez髓鞘染色。结果药物处理对乳鼠生理状态和运动能力无明显影响,处理前后处理组与对照组体重比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);处理组股骨中段冠状面皮质直径小于对照组(P<0.01),直径/全长比值无显著性差异(P>0.05);处理组股骨最大抗折应力小于对照组(P<0.05),刚性比较则无显著性差异(P>0.05);处理组坐骨神经轴突排列较紊乱,密度较对照组低(P<0.01)。结论处理组股骨发育较慢但发育比例正常,以及矿化程度未受影响,提示胆碱能神经系统可能在成骨细胞的增殖过程中起重要作用。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.