中等程度冠状动脉狭窄的血管内超声特点与治疗决策选择

目的　应用血管内超声 (IVUS)观察冠状动脉造影中等程度冠状动脉狭窄的血管内超声特点 ,选择治疗决策。方法　应用血管内超声仪检查 3 8例血管造影狭窄程度 40 %～ 60 %患者的 43处冠状动脉病变 ;测量管腔以及血管直径和面积。结果　 43处病变中 ,脂质斑块为 3 0处 ,纤维、钙化、混合斑块分别为 4、2、5处 ,2处未发现明显病变或仅轻度内膜增生 ;其中 4处可见明显血栓影。 41处粥样硬化斑块中偏心斑块 3 6处 ( 87.8% ) ,向心斑块 5处 ( 12 .2 % )。 3 0处脂质斑块大部分可见薄的纤维帽 ,其中 5处 ( 16.7% )明显的纤维帽不完整。病变血管直径狭窄百分比 ( 4 0 .73± 13 .2 1) % ;面积狭窄百分比 ( 5 6.75± 12 .68) %。对IVUS示面积狭窄 >5 0 %的 2 5处、<5 0 %的 1处 ( 60 .5 % )且有典型临床症状的病变行进一步介入治疗 ,对IVUS示面积狭窄 <5 0 %的 17处 ( 3 9.5 % )病变未行进一步介入治疗。结论　IVUS可进一步明确血管造影中等程度冠状动脉病变的性质、严重性和稳定性 ,指导进一步的治疗     

血管内超声测量心外膜脂肪厚度与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的评价血管内超声(IVUS)测量心外膜脂肪厚度(EAT)与冠状动脉病变的相关性。方法收集92例接受冠状动脉IVUS患者,应用常规超声测量EAT,并用IVUS测算冠状动脉狭窄率及斑块类型,根据检查结果将患者分为冠状动脉疾病(CAD)组和非CAD组,再根据冠状动脉狭窄率将CAD组患者分为轻度病变亚组、中度病变亚组及严重病变亚组;比较各组EAT的差异,观察EAT与冠状动脉狭窄率、斑块类型以及CAD相关危险因素之间的关系。结果 CAD组EAT值为(6.54±1.21)mm,非CAD组为(4.98±1.33)mm,二者差异有统计学意义(t=5.12,P<0.01)。随着CAD病变程度的加重,轻度、中度及严重病变亚组间EAT值逐渐升高,两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。软斑块亚组EAT较钙化斑块亚组[(7.16±1.00)mm vs(5.34±1.40)mm,F=0.085,P<0.05]及混合斑块亚组[(6.20±1.95)mm,F=0.005,P<0.01]明显升高。EAT是CAD的独立危险因子(Wald值5.057,P=0.028)。结论超声测量EAT与冠状动脉病变严重程度具有相关性,可用于CAD患者的筛查。     

儿童肾移植后移植肾动脉狭窄7例诊疗分析

目的探讨儿童肾移植后移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的诊断与治疗。方法收集中山大学附属第一医院2016年1月至2021年8月收治的7例儿童肾移植后TRAS的临床资料。7例儿童受者中男性4例, 女性3例。7例儿童受者彩色多普勒超声发现TRAS的中位时间是肾移植后61 d(3～1517 d)。7例TRAS均位于吻合口附近的肾动脉主干处, 经计算机断层血管造影(computed tomography angiography, CTA)明确诊断。结果 7例TRAS儿童受者的年龄明显高于供者年龄, 差异有统计学意义[(11.9±3.7)岁和(1.0±0.5)岁, P<0.001]。5例儿童受者经介入治疗后, 移植肾动脉狭窄处管径增宽[(1.98±0.47)mm和(4.64±1.19)mm, P=0.002], 狭窄段动脉收缩期峰值流速降低[(463.3±90.6)cm/s和(183.6±58.9)cm/s, P<0.001], 收缩压降低[(137.2±15.5)mmHg和(129.7±12.3)mmHg, P=0.029], 阻力指数升高(0.38±0.22和0.60±0.03, P=0...     

肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓：影像评估模型对下腔静脉切除的应用价值

目的肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓术中对下腔静脉的处理是取栓手术和术前影像学评价时关注的关键所在。本研究通过超声联合核磁及CT影像,评估下腔静脉切除的危险因素并建立影像评估模型,预测术中下腔静脉切除概率。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2019年1月北京大学第三医院手术治疗的肾癌伴下腔静脉瘤栓MayoⅠ～Ⅳ级患者99例。收集87例患者临床及影像资料,分析下腔静脉切除相关危险因素,建立预测模型。另外12例患者行数据验证。结果 48%(42/87例)行下腔静脉切除。经单因素分析,需要下腔静脉切除的患者更可能伴血栓,下腔静脉在肾静脉开口处完全阻塞,超声图像未显示下腔静脉残余管腔血流信号。与未切除下腔静脉组比较,切除组患者下腔静脉最大前后径[(34.20±7.82)mmvs.(26.96±7.12)mm]、下腔静脉在肾静脉开口的前后径[(30.86±5.65)mmvs.(25.00±6.48)mm]、下腔静脉最大冠状径[(36.23±5.65)mmvs.(28.79±4.55)mm]均更宽,下腔静脉瘤栓长度更长[(88.65±45.82)mmvs.(54.63±33.58)mm],差异均有统计学意义(P均0.001)。经多因素分析,MRI/CT图像测量下腔静脉冠状最大径(OR:1.291,P0.001)和超声未见残余管腔血流(OR:0.152;P=0.002)是下腔静脉切除的危险因素,并进一步得出影像预测模型:Ln{pre/(1-pre)}=0.256×IVC最大冠状径-1.885×IVC残余管腔血流-7.602,概率大于50%时需要切除下腔静脉。行ROC曲线分析,影像预测模型评估IVC切除曲线下面积为0.887。12例行数据验证,11例预测结果与手术情况相符合。结论下腔静脉切除的相关危险因素为核磁/CT图像显示下腔静脉冠状最大径大和超声未显示彩色血流信号,并建立影像模型,预测下腔静脉切除概率,对临床术前手术策略制定、患者个体化管理有重要临床意义。     

冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像对冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断价值

目的探讨冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像(CTA)技术对冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断价值。方法收集2020年7月至2021年6月贵州医科大学附属兴义市人民医院收治的119例冠状动脉相关疾病患者的医学影像学资料。以冠状动脉血管造影(CAG)检查结果为诊断冠状动脉狭窄的“金标准”,评估CTA检查对冠状动脉狭窄的诊断效能。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CTA检查与CAG检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一致性。比较CTA与CAG检查对冠状动脉狭窄程度分级的评估情况,以及两种检查方法下冠状动脉狭窄情况的各项参数,包括外弹力膜(EEM)面积、最小管腔面积(MLA)、斑块面积(PA)、斑块负荷(PB)、斑块偏心指数(EI)、重构指数(RI)。结果CAG检查结果显示,119例冠状动脉相关疾病患者中,冠状动脉狭窄患者108例,非冠状动脉狭窄患者11例。CTA检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄的灵敏度为98.15%,特异度为72.23%,准确度为95.80%。CTA检查与CAG检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄具有良好的一致性(Kappa=0.739,P<0.01)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,CTA检查诊断冠状动脉狭窄的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.854(95%CI:0.673~1.000),对冠状动脉狭窄具有中等诊断价值。CTA检查与CAG检查对冠状动脉狭窄程度分级的评估情况、冠状动脉狭窄情况的评估参数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论CTA检查对冠状动脉狭窄具有较好的诊断价值,能够较为准确地评估冠状动脉狭窄程度,对冠状动脉狭窄情况与相关参数的诊断准确度均较高,且具有无创、重复性好、患者耐受度高等优势。     

颈动脉支架植入后支架表面新生内膜增生与斑块内新生血管的关系探讨

目的探讨颈动脉支架植入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)后支架表面新生内膜增生与斑块内新生血管的关系。方法纳入西安交通大学第一附属医院2014～2016年接受CAS治疗的67例患者,使用超声造影评估术后1年内颈动脉斑块内新生血管及支架表面新生内膜增生情况。结果 10例患者在支架植入后1年内出现支架表面新生内膜增生。CAS术后第6、12个月,新生内膜组斑块内新生血管G2级所占百分比显著高于非新生内膜组(P分别=0.002和0.001)。CAS后支架内新生内膜增生与斑块内新生血管呈显著的正相关关系(r=0.425,P0.001)。结论颈动脉支架植入后支架表面新生内膜增生与斑块内新生血管丰富程度有关,监测斑块内新生血管可能预测新生内膜增生。     

腔内超声在髂静脉压迫综合征腔内治疗中的应用价值

随着静脉腔内技术的发展,支架植入治疗髂静脉压迫综合征（IVCS）有很高的安全性和远期通畅率,同时对症状与病人生活质量有着明显的改善。然而,传统的静脉造影却受到多方面的限制不能提供病变的准确信息,血管内超声（IVUS）则完美的弥补了这一点。IVUS不仅可以完整显示病变狭窄程度和范围,还可以指导术中的支架选择及引导支架释放,提高手术疗效,是IVCS腔内治疗中不可替代的重要临床工具。     

小腿平衡稳态自由进动序列非增强MR血管成像与增强MR血管成像的对比

目的通过与增强磁共振血管成像(CE MRA)图像比较,探讨3.0T MR小腿血流敏感散相(FSD)MRA的可行性。方法收集20例可疑下肢动脉疾病患者,行小腿FSD MRA及下肢CE MRA,比较其图像质量;并以CE MRA为诊断标准,判断FSD MRA的诊断效能。结果 FSD MRA有效FOV约为(275.93±29.76)mm,图像质量评价观察者间一致性良好(Kappa=0.81,P0.01)。基于血管节段,FSD MRA图像质量评分[(3.66±0.81)分]略优于CE MRA[(3.49±0.87)分,P=0.05],可用于诊断的血管节段数间两者差异无统计学意义[FSD MRA:97.65%(166/170),CEMRA:98.24%(167/170);P=0.32]。基于患者,FSD MRA及CE MRA的图像质量差异无统计学意义[(3.25±1.06)分vs(2.94±1.06)分,P=0.40]。血管狭窄程度评价观察者间一致性良好(Kappa=0.81,P0.01)。基于血管节段,FSD MRA与CE MRA对于血管狭窄程度评价的符合率为84.34%;FSD MRA检测血管狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为96.41%、93.04%、84.06%和98.53%。基于患者,FSD MRA与CE MRA评价血管狭窄程度差异无统计学意义[(3.27±1.10)分vs(3.27±1.10)分,P=1.00]。结论 FSD应用于3.0T MRA可为下肢动脉病变提供一项可靠的非增强MRA检查方法。     

Kissing-stents技术治疗主-髂动脉闭塞症15例

目的 探讨kissing-stents(K型)技术腔内治疗主-髂动脉狭窄和闭塞性疾病的可行性.方法 回顾性分析2007年4月至2009年4月应用K型腔内成型技术治疗15例主-髂动脉狭窄闭塞性疾病患者的临床资料.其中男9例,女6例,平均66岁.全部病例有明显肢体缺血表现,其中:间歇性跛行11例(73%),平均距离88m.静息痛4例(27%),足趾坏死2例(13%).辅助检查提示:腹主动脉远端-双髂总动脉闭塞伴一侧股浅动脉局限性狭窄2例,双髂动脉狭窄伴闭塞3例,左侧髂总动脉闭塞伴双侧股浅动脉闭塞2例,右侧髂总动脉闭塞8例,其中4例伴有一侧股浅动脉狭窄和闭塞.全部患者ABI检查最低为0.0,最高为0.6,平均0.36±0.3.结果 15例患者应用K型技术均获成功,同时在双侧髂动脉内共植入40枚支架,平均每人植入2.7枚支架.其中15枚为自膨支架,25枚为球扩支架.治疗后血管造影显示,病变部位血管形态明显改善,管腔狭窄程度均<30%.病变血管近远端压力差平均为5 mm Hg.手术后肢体ABI测定:最低为0.5,最高为1.0,平均为0.8±0.2,与手术前相比平均提高0.44.全部患者的临床症状得到明显改善,平均住院日7 d.术后随访2年,原发性通畅率为87%,二次通畅率为94%.结论 应用腔内K型技术治疗主-髂动脉狭窄和闭塞性疾病是有效和安全的,可以明显提高手术的成功率,减少并发症的发生.     

慢性稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉临界病变斑块性质的血管内超声分析

目的探讨慢性稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉临界病变血管内超声斑块影像学特征。方法对慢性稳定性心绞痛患者行冠状动脉造影检查,对冠状动脉造影显示为临界病变者,行血管内超声检查,评估斑块特征。结果 163例冠状动脉临界病变患者中薄帽纤维粥样硬化斑块(TCFA)、厚帽纤维粥样硬化斑块(ThCFA)患者分别为37、50例。TCFA、ThCFA患者临床特征、冠状动脉分布情况差异无统计学意义;超过50%的临界病变血管在左冠状动脉前降支;ThCFA患者平均斑块负荷、斑块面积高于TCFA患者;ThCFA及TCFA患者斑块成分以纤维组织最多,其次为纤维脂肪组织和坏死核心成分,高密度钙化面积最低。TCFA患者最小管腔面积≤4.0mm2者占18.92%(7/37),显著高于ThCFA患者。结论慢性稳定性心绞痛冠状动脉临界病变ThCFA患者斑块负荷更重,管腔面积更大。TCFA患者最小管腔面积≤4.0mm2比例更高。     

冠状动脉内膜剥脱联合旁路移植治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果

目的探讨冠状动脉内膜剥脱术(CE)联合冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变的近中期效果。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月在南京市第一医院心胸血管外科接受CE+CABG的248例弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变患者的临床资料。男性201例,女性47例;年龄(65.6±8.5)岁(范围:43~79岁)。体外循环手术156例,非体外循环手术92例。共对269根病变血管完成CE,包括前降支108根,右冠状动脉140根,钝缘支21根。共完成旁路移植872支,包括左胸廓内动脉248支,桡动脉48支,大隐静脉576支,每例患者移植(3.5±0.8)支(范围:2~6支)。CE后平均血流量为(26±8)ml/min(范围:13~59 ml/min),血流指数为3.1±0.8(范围:2.0~6.7)。采用t检验或χ²检验比较体外循环和非体外循环患者的手术结果及术后通畅率。结果全组围手术期病死率为1.2%(3/248),2例死于肾功能衰竭,1例死于术后顽固性低心排血量。9例发生围手术期心肌梗死。随访(41.8±21.4)个月(范围:1~68个月)。旁路血管术后1年通畅率为78.4%(182/232),3年通畅率为69.8%(162/232)。左冠状动脉系统通畅率明显高于右冠状动脉系统(1年:87.4%比73.1%,χ²=6.533,P=0.011;3年:78.2%比64.8%,χ²=4.588,P=0.032)。体外循环组和非体外循环组旁路血管通畅率无差异(1年:80.0%比76.9%,χ²=0.277,P=0.599;3年:71.5%比67.9%,χ²=0.300,P=0.584)。结论CE+CABG治疗弥漫性冠状动脉狭窄病变可以获得较满意的完全再血管化,有较好的早、中期效果和旁路血管通畅率。体外循环和非体外循环手术具有相似的早中期结果。     

225例左主干狭窄冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 总结冠状动脉左主干狭窄(LMS)的外科治疗效果和临床经验。方法1999年1月至2003年6月，225例LMS病人接受了冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)。平均年龄63．4岁。左室射血分数(LVEF)≤0．3011例。6例急诊手术，其中3例术前放置主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)。76例在常规体外循环下手术；149例应用非体外循环不停跳技术，术中改为体外循环5例。其中13例全动脉化、3例全静脉化旁路移植术。结果平均术前住院2．3d。平均每例远端吻合口2．95个。死亡13例(5．78％)。结论尽管LMS是预示CABG术后死亡率的独立危险因素，但CABG现在仍是其治疗的第一选择，且是安全、有效的方法。     

1110例冠状动脉搭桥术的早期结果

目的　回顾性总结１９９６ 年１ 月以来１１１０ 例冠状动脉搭桥术（ＣＡＢＧ） 的近期疗效,介绍冠心病搭桥术的体会和经验。　方法　体外循环下行ＣＡＢＧ１０４８ 例,非体外循环ＣＡＢＧ６０ 例。心肌保护均采用冷血含钾停跳液,体外循环时间１１５ ±３５ 分钟,主动脉阻断时间７２ ±２４ 分钟,单支搭桥１１０ 例,２ 支搭桥１４５ 例,３ 支搭桥４１５ 例（３７－３ ％） ,４ 支搭桥或４ 支以上４３９ 例（３９－５％） 。搭桥材料：左乳内动脉７５１ 例,大隐静脉８７７ 例,桡动脉１０１ 例,全动脉化７２ 例。合并手术：室壁瘤切除１１２ 例,室壁瘤折叠１４ 例,左室成形５ 例,瓣膜手术４８ 例,室间隔穿孔修补术５ 例。　结果　住院死亡９ 例,死亡率０－８１％ 。其余患者痊愈出院,心绞痛基本缓解。术后并发症：低心排１１ 例,主动脉球囊反搏７例,围术期心肌梗塞２ 例,脑部并发症３ 例,二次开胸止血４ 例。　结论　选择好靶血管和充分血管化是冠状动脉搭桥术的关键。另外要重视围术期处理。     

1198例非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的早期临床分析

目的　总结分析非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)的早期临床结果和经验体会。方法　 1996年 10月至 2 0 0 2年 5月在国内 15个冠心病微创外科中心完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术 1198例 ,占同期冠心病手术的 79 5 % ,OPCAB实施率 (即OPCAB占单纯冠状动脉旁路移植术的百分比 )为 85 2 %。年龄平均 (6 1 6± 9 0 )岁 ,男性占 77 3%。 18 7%为左主干病变 ,76 9%为 3支病变。左心室射血分数平均 0 5 6± 0 17。其中二次手术者占 1 5 % ,急诊手术占 9 9%。结果　 2 2例为小切口单支病变旁路移植手术 ,其余均为正中切口、多支病变的OPCAB手术。远端吻合口为 (3 1± 0 9)个 ,乳内动脉桥占 6 5 6 % ,桡动脉桥占 18 0 % ;5 2 %病人使用主动脉内球囊反搏。住院死亡 14例 ,病死率 1 2 %。其中术后心跳骤停或室颤 7例 ,大出血 2例 ,昏迷伴肾功能衰竭 2例 ,大面积脑梗塞 2例 ,呼吸衰竭 1例。并发症中 ,围术期心肌梗死占 0 4% ,急性左心功能衰竭占 0 3% ,严重心律失常占 1 2 % ,呼吸系统并发症占 2 0 % ,器质性神经系统并发症占 1 2 % ,新发或加重的肾功能不全占 0 7% ,出血二次开胸占1 0 % ,胸骨愈合不良占 0 6 %。结论　OPCAB手术安全可行 ,早期效果满意 ,远期效果有待进一步观察。OPCAB具备一     

Association of plasma osteopontin levels with coronary calcification evaluated by tomographic coronary calcium scoring

Evidence indicates that proteins controlling bone mineralization are also involved in the regulation of coronary calcification. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association between plasma osteopontin (OPN) levels and coronary calcification quantified by using tomographic coronary calcium scoring. Plasma OPN levels were measured from samples of 80 intermediate-risk asymptomatic patients (56 ± 10 years) who underwent tomographic coronary calcium scoring via multislice computed tomography for incremental risk stratification. There was no significant difference regarding OPN levels between patients with and without coronary calcification in the whole study population. Of 49 patients not receiving renin–angiotensin system inhibitors and/or statins, plasma OPN levels of patients with coronary calcification (38.7%) were significantly higher than those without coronary calcification (61.3%) (8.88 ± 2.85 vs. 6.79 ± 2.41, P = 0.008, respectively). On a binary logistic regression model, only age and plasma OPN level were found to be significant independent associated variables for the presence of coronary calcification in patients not receiving these medications (odds ratio for age, 1.15, P = 0.017; for plasma OPN levels, 1.63, P = 0.014). Our results indicate that plasma OPN levels may be predictive of coronary calcification, suggesting an important role of OPN in the atherosclerotic calcification pathogenesis.     

Intensive Use of Intravascular Ultrasound during Coronary Angioplasty. A Six-month Campaign

Background - Compared to coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) gives additional information important for the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure, but is time-consuming and may cause complications. Aim - To evaluate, during a period of intensive use of IVUS, the impact of IVUS on the final decision on balloon/stent diameter, consumption of devices, time-consumption and IVUS-related complications. Method - During a 6-month period, IVUS was contemplated in all PTCA procedures and the reason for not using IVUS was specified. We used CVIS during the first, and Endosonics during the last 3 months, and both periods started with 1 week of hands-on practice. All procedures were to be planned according to an initial quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), and the finally achieved result, material used and complications were registered. Results - The proportion of IVUS/PTCA was 37% during, 8% 6 months before and 12% 6 months after the study period. Three hundred and twenty-three patients were included in the study (57% of all patients), 199 of them were subjected to IVUS. The indications for PTCA during the study period were stable angina (58%), unstable angina (32%) and acute myocardial infarction (10%). The main reasons for not doing IVUS were use of 6F guiding catheter (13%), urgent procedure (12%) and occluded vessel (11%). Initial QCA detected 253 stenoses in 199 patients and 64 additional stenoses were treated, most of them probably detected by IVUS. QCA systematically underestimated vessel size, particularly in small vessels. There was a non-significant trend to more accurate estimations towards the end of the study in small vessels. Dissection, probably due to IVUS, occurred in two cases (1%). There were no significant differences in the number of devices used in IVUS compared to non-IVUS patients. The procedural time was 24 min longer in IVUS than in non-IVUS cases and more stenoses were treated per procedure in the IVUS group. Conclusion - Coronary angiography often underestimated balloon/stent size but in an unpredictable way, with a substantial proportion of significant stenoses being undetected. IVUS had few serious complications, did not increase device consumption but prolonged procedural time.     

Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart

Introduction

In spite of its importance as an experimental model, the information on the left coronary artery in pigs is sparse.

Objective

To determine the morphologic features of the left coronary artery in pigs.

Methods

We evaluated 158 pig hearts. The left coronary artery was perfused with synthetic resin after their ostia had been catheterized. Diameters and courses of the vascular beds were measured with an electronic caliper (Mitutoyo^®).

Results

The diameter of left coronary artery was 6.98 ± 1.56 mm and its length was 3.51±0.99 mm. It was found to end up by bifurcating itself into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery in 79% of the cases, and by trifurcating in 21% of the cases, with the presence of the diagonal artery. The anterior interventricular artery ended up at the apex in 79.7% of the cases, and the circumflex artery at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle in 64% of the case, this artery never reached the posterior interventricular sulcus. An anastomosis between the terminal branches of the anterior interventricular artery and the posterior interventricular artery was found in 7.6% of the specimens. The antero-superior branch of the anterior interventricular artery occurred in 89.9% of the hearts. A left marginal branch was observed in 87.9% of the cases with a diameter of 2.25±0.55 mm.

Conclusion

Compared with humans, pigs have shorter left coronary artery trunks and branches; even the circumflex artery never reaches the posterior interventricular sulcus. Our findings are useful for the design of experimental hemodynamic and procedural models.     

Normal coronary artery dimensions in Indians

Background There is no available data on normal coronary artery size in the Indian population. We attempted to establish a database for normal dimensions of the coronary artery segments during life by using quantitative coronary angiography and compared these with Western estimates of coronary artery size. Material and Methods Between december 2003 and June 2004, 94 patients who underwent quantitative coronary angiography for evaluation of symptoms of ischemic heart disease and were found to have no coronary artery disease form the sample size. Results The dimensions of branches in the left coronary system in our patients were less and those of the distal circumflex, and the proximal and distal left anterior descending coronary arteries were significantly greater than those of Indian Asians living in the United Kingdom and the native Caucasians but the dimensions of the right coronary artery were significantly greater in our patients. Conclusions Coronary artery dimensions for at least some branches of the left coronary system are similar to that reported in the West and the dimensions of the right coronary are greater. These findings contradict the general perception that Indians have smaller coronary arteries.     

连续1052例冠心病手术无死亡的临床经验

目的 总结冠心病外科治疗无死亡的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2010年3月在阜外医院完成冠心病外科手术治疗1052患者例临床资料.结果 全组950例(90.3％)行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术( OPCAB),102例(9.7％)行体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump CABG).术前患者EuroScore( 3.4±2.6)分,＞6分者127例(12.0％).平均旁路移植血管为(3.2±0.9)支,术后平均住院(7.7±2.5)天.术后并发症包括二次开胸探查14例,呼吸道感染8例,心功能不全IABP支持6例,急性肾功能不全5例.全组患者住院期间无死亡,均治愈出院.结论 制定个体化治疗措施,加强围术期管理,结合技术创新,冠心病手术结果满意.     

再次冠状动脉旁路移植术42例临床分析

目的 总结再次冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床特点及手术效果.方法 对2002年1月至2010年12月连续收治的42例CABG术后患者行再次CABG.其中男性29例,女性13例;年龄46～78岁,平均(61.2±2.1)岁.非体外循环CABG患者31例,心肺转流下CABG患者11例,同期分别行主动脉瓣置换术及主动脉根部替换+右半主动脉弓置换术各1例.结果 全组死亡3例,1例因术中右心室破裂死亡,1例因术后心力衰竭死亡,1例发生肾功能衰竭导致多器官功能衰竭死亡,围手术期病死率为4.8%.其余40例术后呼吸机辅助呼吸时间9～27 h,平均(17±7)h.术后心绞痛均消失,围手术期无心肌梗死发生,顺利恢复出院.术中接受主动脉内球囊反搏6例.术后随访38例,随访时间6～54个月,均无心绞痛发作;12例复查冠状动脉CTA,显示移植血管均通畅.结论 随着手术技巧和围手术期管理的改进,合理采用各种技术,再次冠状动脉旁路移植术可以取得满意疗效.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of redo CABG.Methods The outcomes of 42 consecutive patients who underwent redo CABG from January 2002 to December 2010 was analyzed.There were 29 males and 13 females,aging from 46 to 78 years old with a mean of(61.2 ± 2.1)years.Off-pump CABG was applied for 31 patients and on-pump CABG for 11 patients.There were 1 patient underwent concomitant aortic valve replacement and 1 patient underwent aortic root and right aortic arch replacement respectively.Results Three patients died of right ventricle rupture,heart failure and multiple system organ failure respectively and the perioperative mortality rate was 4.8%.The post-operatively mechanical ventilation time varied from 9 to 27 h with a mean of(17 ±7)h.There was no residual angina and perioperative myocardial infarction in the remaining patients who were all discharged uneventfully.Intraoperative 6 patients had accepted intraaortic balloon counterpulsation.During the followup from 6 months to 4.5 years for 38 patients,which showed no evidence of recurrent angina and postoperative coronary CT angiography in 12 patients showed the patency of grafts is good.Conclusion Satisfactory outcome of redo coronary artery bypass grafting can be achieved if proper indication were choosed and reasonable management were performed.