常规与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉多支病变的对比分析

目的　评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)相比是否具有优越性。　方法　将 170例 2支以上血管病变行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (不包括瓣膜手术或室壁瘤切除等合并手术的病例 )患者分为 OPCAB组和 CCABG组 ,OPCAB组通过胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术 ;CCABG组建立常规体外循环 ,心脏停搏下完成冠状动脉旁路移植术。对两组病例的术前和术后各项指标进行对比分析。　结果　两组患者术前的一般情况无差异 ,OPCAB组与 CCABG组间曾行溶栓或经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术治疗和 3支病变的比例分别为 31.8%比 18.3%和 5 9%比 78% ,移植旁路血管分别为3.6± 0 .8支比 4.3± 1.0支 (P<0 .0 1) ,但所用的血管材料两组间无差异。OPCAB组术后呼吸机辅助时间和外科住院时间较短 ,住院费用较低 (P<0 .0 5 )。但术后并发症如二次开胸止血、伤口感染、心律失常、围术期心肌梗死、肺部并发症等的发生率 OPCAB组为 9.8% ,CCABG组为 14.6 % ;OPCAB组无手术死亡 ,CCABG组死亡 1例 (P>0 .0 5 )。　结论　 OPCAB治疗冠心病多支病变的初期结果显示可以减少患者术后辅助呼吸时间和外科住院时间 ,降低住院费用。但目前尚不能替代 CCABG,其近、远期效果仍     

常规与非体外循环下冠状动脉3支病变旁路移植血管通畅性对比分析

目的　评价非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (OPCAB)与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CCABG)治疗冠状动脉三支病变术中旁路早期通畅性。方法　 6 0例 3支血管病变的病人分为OPCAB组和CCABG组 ,每组各 30例。行冠状动脉旁路移植术 ,OPCAB组胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环心脏不停跳下完成手术 ;CCABG组建立常规体外循环 ,心脏停跳下完成手术。术中应用即时血流测量技术对旁路血管进行流量测量。对比分析两组术前、术后的各项指标及各血管旁路流量、搏动指数和血流波形。结果　两组病人术前一般情况差异无统计学意义。OPCAB组与CCABG组移植旁路血管分别为 (3 6±0 6 )支与 (4 3± 0 9)支 (P <0 0 1) ;两组前降支及右冠状动脉旁路血流量、搏动指数差异无显著性。CCABG组回旋支序贯旁路和远端吻合口多 ,血流量较OPCAB组高。两组弥漫病变血管旁路血流量小。结论　OPCAB与CCABG治疗 3支病变 ,两组血管旁路早期通畅性差异无显著性。     

体外循环与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的疗效观察

目的比较体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)治疗冠心病的临床效果。方法选取2010-07—2013-12间收治的需行冠状动脉旁路移植术的60例冠心病患者为研究对象,采用随机双盲法将2组患者分为CABG组(实施体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术)与OPCAB组(实施非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术),每组30例,比较2组患者手术效果。结果 OPCAB组在手术时间、术后ICU治疗时间、机械通气时间、旁路移植支数及治疗费用上均明显优于CABG组(P<0.05),2组比较,差异有统计学意义。2组患者均未发生严重不良反应。结论与CABG相比,OPCAB手术操作时间短,患者术后恢复快,值得临床应用。     

非体外循环与体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术病人胃黏膜pH变化的比较

近年来，非体外循环心脏跳动下冠状动脉旁路移植术（OPCAB）愈来愈盛行，但仅靠临床结果很难对OPCAB和常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（CCABG）的内脏缺血程度作出客观评价。胃肠道pH值的监测，可直接反映胃肠道黏膜血液灌注与氧合状况。为此，我们应用胃张力计法测量CCABG和OPCAB者围手术期胃黏膜pH值，以评价二者对胃肠道黏膜血供的影响程度。     

心脏不停跳非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术的进展

近年来，随着手术器械的发展，心脏不停跳非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)逐渐被广泛接受和应用。与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)比较，OPCAB的主要优势为血液中多种炎性介质浓度明显降低，避免了体外循环(CPB)带来的全身系统性炎性损害，减少了并发症，降低了手术死亡率。特别对那些不能采用CPB或采用CPB有风险的高危患者优势更明显。CCABG的手术适应证同样适用于OPCAB，但OPCAB具有相对的禁忌证。OPCAB多采用胸骨正中切口，左前外侧切口适用于左前降支单支病变。OPCAB术后早期结果类似CCABG，但中远期结果有待进一步观察。OPCAB大多数旁路移植血管数低于CCABG，有不能完全再血管化的可能，对OPCAB是否会影响吻合的精确性和旁路血管的长期通畅率有不同意见。OPCAB的优势明确，但仍不能完全替代CCABG，手术的同时应作好CPB准备，必要时改行CCABG。     

医用耗材取消加成对人工全膝关节置换术费用影响研究

目的比较医用耗材加成取消前后人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)费用,为国家医疗政策改革提供参考。方法以2018年9月—2019年2月接受TKA治疗的患者作为研究对象,其中372例符合标准纳入研究。根据医用耗材取消加成时间节点(2018年12月24日)分为取消前和取消后两组,各186例。收集患者资料,包括性别、年龄、住院时间、疾病分类,以及各项治疗费用(诊疗费、检查费、化验费、材料费、麻醉费、床位费、护理费、手术费、药费和其他),分析取消加成前后各项费用及构成比变化情况。结果两组患者性别、年龄及疾病分类构成比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);医用耗材加成取消后患者住院时间较取消前明显延长(t=2.114,P=0.035)。医用耗材加成取消前后TKA总费用差异无统计学意义(t=0.214,P=0.831);与加成取消前比较,材料费明显降低,诊疗费、麻醉费、护理费、手术费明显增加(P<0.05);检查费、化验费、床位费、药费及其他费用基本保持稳定(P>0.05)。结论医用耗材取消加成后TKA总费用水平稳定,材料费占比显著降低,体现医务人员技术含量的诊疗费用占比显著提高,符合国家取消医用耗材加成政策预期。     

非体外循环与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌酶的动态变化

目的通过观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)与常规冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)患者术后心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的动态变化,比较两种手术方式对心肌的损伤情况.方法102例不稳定型心绞痛患者,按不同的手术方式分为OPCAB组和CCABG组.OPCAB组:71例,行OPCAB;CCABG组:31例,行CCABG.两组分别于术前、术后4、12小时、1、3、5天测定cTnI和CK-MB.结果CCABG组行旁路血管移植2～5支(2.97±0.84支),OPCAB组1～5支(2.69±0.92支);两组均无围术期心肌梗死.两组术后早期cTnI和CK-MB均有升高,分别于术后5天和术后3天基本恢复至术前水平.术后4、12小时、术后1天OPCAB组cTnI值与CCABG组比较差别有显著性意义(P<0.01).结论有选择的施行OPCAB是一种安全和合理的手术方式,OPCAB的心肌损伤程度明显轻于CCABG.     

体外循环和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌梗死发生率的Meta分析

目的 使用Meta分析比较常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后心肌梗死发生率的差异.方法 在 Medline、SCI、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验注册库(CENTRAL)和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBMdisc)检索中文和英文的相天随机对照临床试验,并检索相关文献的参考文献,检索时间截止至2009年1月.根据严格的纳入和排除标准,两名评价员独立地筛选文献,并按照Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0.0版所建议的评价方法 对纳入临床试验进行质量评价,最后将提取的资料用RevMan 5软件进行数据处理和分析.结果 共纳入22个试验进行Meta分析,OPCAB组共纳入1494例病人,心肌梗死总发生率为2.81%;CCABG组共1512例,心肌梗死总发生率为3.57%.Meta分析结果 显示OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异尤统计学意义(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54～1.20,P=0.28).结论 依据现有的随机对照试验进行Meta分析结果 显示,OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异无统计学意义.     

体外循环和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌梗死发生率的Meta分析

目的 使用Meta分析比较常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后心肌梗死发生率的差异.方法 在 Medline、SCI、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验注册库(CENTRAL)和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBMdisc)检索中文和英文的相天随机对照临床试验,并检索相关文献的参考文献,检索时间截止至2009年1月.根据严格的纳入和排除标准,两名评价员独立地筛选文献,并按照Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0.0版所建议的评价方法 对纳入临床试验进行质量评价,最后将提取的资料用RevMan 5软件进行数据处理和分析.结果 共纳入22个试验进行Meta分析,OPCAB组共纳入1494例病人,心肌梗死总发生率为2.81%;CCABG组共1512例,心肌梗死总发生率为3.57%.Meta分析结果 显示OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异尤统计学意义(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54～1.20,P=0.28).结论 依据现有的随机对照试验进行Meta分析结果 显示,OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异无统计学意义.     

体外循环和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心肌梗死发生率的Meta分析

目的 使用Meta分析比较常规体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(CCABG)和非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后心肌梗死发生率的差异.方法 在 Medline、SCI、Cochrane图书馆临床对照试验注册库(CENTRAL)和中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(CBMdisc)检索中文和英文的相天随机对照临床试验,并检索相关文献的参考文献,检索时间截止至2009年1月.根据严格的纳入和排除标准,两名评价员独立地筛选文献,并按照Cochrane系统评价员手册5.0.0版所建议的评价方法 对纳入临床试验进行质量评价,最后将提取的资料用RevMan 5软件进行数据处理和分析.结果 共纳入22个试验进行Meta分析,OPCAB组共纳入1494例病人,心肌梗死总发生率为2.81%;CCABG组共1512例,心肌梗死总发生率为3.57%.Meta分析结果 显示OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异尤统计学意义(OR=0.80,95%CI=0.54～1.20,P=0.28).结论 依据现有的随机对照试验进行Meta分析结果 显示,OPCAB和CCABG术后心肌梗死发生率的差异无统计学意义.     

体外循环与非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术患者术中血液动力学的比较

目的比较体外循环(CPB)与非CPB下冠脉搭桥术患者术中血液动力学的变化。方法同期行CPB下冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)与非CPB下冠状动脉搭桥术(OPCAB)患者各70例,分别为CABG组和OPCAB组,分别在麻醉诱导后手术开始前(术前)和术毕用Swan-Ganz导管监测血液动力学指标。结果与术前比较,两组术毕心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉平均压(PAMP)、肺毛细血管嵌压(PAWP)、中心静脉压(CVP)及左室作功指数(LVSWI)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),心输出量(CO)、心脏指数(CI)均升高;OPCAB组术毕心搏指数(SVI)升高,体循环阻力指数(SVRI)、肺循环阻力指数(PVRI)降低(P<0.05),CABG组术毕SVI、SVRI、PVRI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与CABG组比较,OPCAB组术毕SVRI、PVRI降低(P<0.05)。结论两组患者术后心功能均得到了改善,OPCAB 组在改善心功能、降低体、肺循环阻力方面,优于CABG组。     

Resource utilization in on- and off-pump coronary artery surgery: factors influencing postoperative length of stay--an experience of 1,746 consecutive patients undergoing fast-track cardiac anesthesia

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present investigation was to examine factors influencing resource utilization in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft and off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) graft surgery at a major university hospital. The resources examined were time to extubation, packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion, intensive care length of stay (ICULOS), preoperative and postoperative length of stay (PLOS), and total length of stay (LOS). DESIGN: Observational study of consecutive patients undergoing on- and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. SETTING: Tertiary care cardiac referral center. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred forty-six consecutive male and female patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery over a period of 3 years (1999-2001). Eight hundred eighty-one patients underwent CABG with pump, and 865 patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The mean time to extubation after surgery was 7.4 hours for on-pump patients and 5.8 hours for the OPCAB group (p72 hours to postoperative tracheal extubation compared with 1.5% in the OPCAB group (p=0.041). Hospital mortality was 2.7% for the on-pump group and 1.0% for the OPCAB group (p=0.010). CONCLUSION: The authors found that patients undergoing on-pump CABG have significantly longer time to tracheal extubation, increased blood use, longer ICULOS, PLOS, and total LOS and higher in-hospital mortality, which would translate into significant differences in the expenses associated with these 2 surgical approaches to coronary surgery.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass operation does not increase procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity: preliminary results

BACKGROUND: This study analyzes the effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis comparing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and on-pump CABG operations. METHODS: In a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative evaluation, patients scheduled for elective myocardial revascularization were studied. Due to possible confounding factors patients with postoperative retransfusion of mediastinal shed blood were excluded. Nine patients underwent OPCAB operation and 16 underwent on-pump CABG. Activated clotting time (ACT) was adjusted to 250 seconds in OPCAB (81 +/- 18 [mean +/- SD] IU/kg heparin) and to more than 480 seconds in on-pump CABG (400 IU/kg heparin, additional 10,000 IU in pump prime). Perioperatively blood samples were collected and hematologic and hemostatic variables including fibrinopeptide A (FPA), fibrin monomer (FM), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and D-dimer were analyzed. RESULTS: Both groups showed comparable demographic variables. Number of grafts per patient was slightly higher in the on-pump group (3.6 +/- 0.6 versus 3.0 +/- 1.1, p = 0.23). The FPA levels did not differ significantly between the groups. The FM, TAT, and D-dimer values were significantly higher in on-pump CABG (p < 0.0001, p < 0.01, and p < 0.0001, respectively), reflecting increased coagulant and fibrinolytic activity. This was also the case when values were corrected for hemodilution. CONCLUSIONS: Despite lower systemic anticoagulation activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis is reduced in OPCAB compared with on-pump CABG. Reduced thrombin generation and reduced fibrinolytic activity in OPCAB indicates better preservation of hemostasis. We suggest the term "preserved hemostasis" instead of "hypercoagulant activity" with respect to OPCAB.     

S100 protein and its relation to cerebral microemboli in on-pump and off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVES: S100 protein has been used as a marker for cerebral injury. Studies have reported lower levels in off-pump coronary artery surgery (CABG) compared to on-pump surgery. However, most of these are flawed as S100 from extracerebral sources was included (e.g. blood from cardiotomy suckers). Microemboli (high-intensity transient signals or HITS) during CABG have been implicated as a cause of postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare the number of HITS during on-pump and off-pump CABG, measure S100 accurately by excluding extracerebral sources, and assess whether any changes in S100 were related to HITS. METHODS: Thirty-five patients admitted for CABG were randomised to on-pump (n=20) or off-pump (n=15) surgery. Bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was performed on the middle cerebral artery to detect HITS. S100 was measured preoperatively, at termination of bypass in on-pump surgery, at completion of anastomoses in off-pump surgery, and 48 h postoperatively. A cell saver was used instead of cardiotomy suction in the on-pump group in order to limit extracerebral contamination of the S100 assay. RESULTS: The number of HITS was 2016+/-1897 during on-pump and 16+/-21 during off-pump surgery (P<0.0001). In on-pump surgery S100 increased from 0.05+/-0.03 to 0.50+/-0.28 microg/l (P<0.0001) at termination of bypass. In off-pump surgery S100 increased from 0.08+/-0.05 to 0.35+/-0.20 microg/l (P<0.0001) at completion of anastomoses. The mean intraoperative S100 in the on-pump group was 1.6 times greater compared to that in the off-pump group (95% CI 0.88-2.8; P=0.01). There was no evidence of a relationship between S100 and HITS in both groups. By 48 h S100 decreased to 0.22+/-0.14 microg/l in the on-pump and 0.21+/-0.09 microg/l in the off-pump group (P<0.0001, compared to the preoperative value). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a significantly higher number of cerebral microemboli in patients undergoing on-pump compared to off-pump CABG. By limiting contamination from extracerebral sources, we have shown S100 beta levels during on-pump CABG one and a half times greater than that in off-pump, although this did not reach statistical significance. In addition, we have shown no correlation between S100 beta and the total microemboli count, possibly because of the small numbers in this study.     

高龄患者体外与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期呼吸功能的比较

目的探讨体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,on-pump CABG)与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,off-pump CABG)对高龄(≥70岁)患者术后早期呼吸功能的影响。方法将2000年12月至2006年2月在我科接受on-pump CABG和off-pump CABG的高龄冠心病患者分为两组(on-pump组和off-pump组),每组30例,分别进行围术期动脉血气分析和肺功能的测量。结果两组患者术前肺功能和动脉血气指标差异无统计学意义;术后第1d和第3d红细胞压积(Hematocrit,Hct)值、术后1~3d动脉血氧分压值、术后第4~6d的用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(first second forced expiratory volume,FEV1.0)、一秒率(FEV1.0/FVC%)等on-pump组均低于off-pump组(P<0.05),术后平均带气管内插管时间和住院时间on-pump组长于off-pump组(P<0.05)。结论高龄冠心病患者施行off-pump CABG较on-pump CABG术后早期呼吸功能恢复良好。     

Does multi-vessel off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting reduce post operative morbidity compared to on-pump CABG?

Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may contribute to the complications and it is assumed that eliminating cardiopulmonary bypass has the potential of reducing post operative morbidity after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The study was carried out to compare mortality and morbidity in the off-pump and on-pump CABG groups. Methods We prospectively analysed 200 patients undergoing CABG. Group A consists of 100 patients underwent multi-vessel off-pump CABG and group B consists of 100 patients underwent CABG with CPB. The incidence of complications (mortality, re-exploration for bleeding, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, neurological events, new onset renal failure (s. creatinine>1.6 mg/dL) pulmonary complications, length of ICU stay and hospital stay were recorded, analysed and compared. Results OPCAB patients received 2.73±0.61 grafts/patient and on-pump CABG patients received 3.39±0.75 grafts/patient (p value<0.00001). There was no significant statistical difference in mortality, incidence of stroke between OPCAB and CABG with CPB patients. Length of ICU stay was 32.84±4.22 vs 44.85±7.18 hrs (p value<0.00001) and hospital stay was 6.52±0.69 vs 7.94±0.92 days (p value<0.00001) between group A and group B respectively. Incidence of atrial fibrillation was less in OPCAB group 7% vs 12% although it was statistically not significant (p value 0.33). It was observed in our study that there was no significant deference in worsening of existing renal failure between on-pump CABG and OPCAB 6% vs 2% (P value 0.28). Blood utilization was significantly less in OPCAB group (p value<0.001). Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference in terms of mortality, incidence of stroke and new onset renal failure in both groups. But there was lesser incidence of post operative atrial fibrillation, worsening of existing renal failure in off-pump group though statistically not significant. There was significant reduction in blood utilization, length of ICU and hospital stay in OPCAB group.     

Off-pump coronary artery bypass

OBJECTIVES: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the beating heart has become popular procedure in cardiac surgery and its initial results appeared favorable. We report our early and mid-term results of off-pump CABG performed at Shin-Tokyo Hospital. METHODS: Medical records of patients undergoing off-pump or conventional on-pump CABG from September 1, 1996, to August 31, 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients underwent off-pump CABG were further classified into 2 groups; MIDCAB (Off-pump CABG for single vessel revascularization via a small skin incision) and OPCAB (off-pump CABG mainly approached via midline sternotomy) group. Their preoperative, perioperative, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Among a total of 995 cases of CABG, 194 cases were off-pump CABG (male/female 142/52, mean age 66.9). The mean number of distal anastomoses in off-pump CABG was 1.9 +/- 0.9 (1.0 +/- 0.0 in MIDCAB and 2.3 +/- 0.7 in OPCAB), which was significantly fewer than in on-pump CABG (3.6 +/- 1.1), with p < 0.0001. Intubation time (5.3 +/- 5.7 hours in off-pump CABG vs 13.1 +/- 24.2 hours in on-pump CABG), ICU stay (1.7 +/- 1.1 vs 3.2 +/- 3.0 days), and postoperative hospital stay (14.0 +/- 7.9 vs 18.1 +/- 12.1 days) in off-pump CABG were significantly shorter than in on-pump CABG (p < 0.0001). In the off-pump CABG group, there were no in-hospital deaths and 14 major complications, fewer than in on-pump CABG (8 hospital deaths and 114 major complications). Postoperative angiography before hospital discharge was conducted in 80 patients (41.2%) and showed 2 occlusions, giving a graft patency rate of 98.6% in the off-pump group. During follow-up (0.9 +/- 0.6 year) period, there were 5 non-cardiac deaths and 20 cardiac events in the off-pump group. The actuarial survival rate at 36 months was 94.6% for off-pump CABG, showing no significant difference from the rate for conventional CABG patients (95.2% at 36 month, p = NS) The event-free rate was 84.0% at 36 months in off-pump CABG patients; however, which was less favorable than on-pump CABG patients (88.0% at 36 months, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both in-hospital and mid-term results for off-pump CABG patients were acceptable. Isolated CABG can thus be safely performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. Advances in coronary stabilization have contributed to these improved results. The observed long-term cardiac events may be related to incomplete revascularization.     

Effects of cell saver autologous blood transfusion on blood loss and homologous blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on- versus off-cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: Off-pump CABG is potentially associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss and homologous blood transfusion in comparison to on-pump CABG. In this randomised controlled study we investigated the effects of autologous cell saver blood transfusion on blood loss and homologous blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing CABG on- versus off-CPB. METHODS: Eighty patients were randomised into one of four groups: (A) on-CPB with cell saver blood transfusion (CSBT), (B) on-CPB without CSBT, (C) off-pump with CSBT and (D) off-pump without CSBT. Volume of intraoperative autologous blood transfusion, postoperative mediastinal blood loss and homologous blood transfusion requirements were measured. Homologous blood was transfused when haemoglobin concentration fell below 8 g/dl postoperatively. Pre- and postoperatively prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were measured. RESULTS: Preoperative patient characteristics were well matched among the four groups. The amount of salvaged mediastinal blood available for autologous transfusion was significantly higher in the on-pump group (A) compared to the off-CPB group (C) (433+/-155 ml vs 271+/-144 ml, P=0.001). Volume of homologous blood transfusion was significantly higher in group B vs groups A, C and D (595+/-438 ml vs 179+/-214, 141+/-183 and 230+/-240 ml, respectively, P<0.005). The cell saver groups (A and C) received significantly less homologous blood than the groups without cell saver (160+/-197 ml vs 413+/-394 ml, respectively, P<0.005). Patients undergoing off-CPB surgery received significantly less homologous blood than those undergoing on-CPB CABG irrespective of cell saver blood transfusion (184+/-214 ml vs 382+/-397 ml, P<0.05). Postoperative blood loss was similar in the four groups (842+/-276, 1023+/-291, 869+/-286 and 903+/-315 ml in groups A to D, respectively, P>0.05). Clotting test results revealed no significant difference between the groups. There was no significant difference in postoperative morbidity between groups. CONCLUSION: Off-pump CABG is associated with significant reduction in intraoperative mediastinal blood loss and homologous transfusion requirements. Autologous transfusion of salvaged washed mediastinal blood reduced homologous transfusion significantly in the on-CPB group. Cell saver caused no significant adverse impact on coagulation parameters in on- or off-CPB CABG. Postoperative morbidity and blood loss were not affected by the use of CPB or autologous blood transfusion. We recommend the use of autologous blood transfusion in both on- and off-pump CABG surgery.     

冠心病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者冠状动脉旁路移植术疗效分析

目的 评价冠心病合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析我院1998年1月～2004年12月27例冠心病合并COPD患者接受CABG的临床资料，根据术中采用不同的方法分为非体外循环CABG组（off—pump组，18例）和体外循环CABG组（on—pump组，9例），并在不同时间点对两组患者的氧合指数（PaO2／FiO2）、呼吸功能相关指标、细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）的变化及肺泡灌洗液中中性粒细胞数量进行比较分析。结果 两组患者均无手术死亡；术后14d off—pump组死亡1例，死于呼吸衰竭；on—pump组发生呼吸系统并发症较off—pump组多。体外循环（CPB）30min后／手术开始on—pump组患者的PaO2／FiO2高于off—pump组，而在术后6h和12h却明显低于off—pump组（P〈0．05）；手术开始／CPB30min到术后24h血浆中ICAM-1的浓度off—pump组均低于on—pump组（P〈0．05）；肺泡灌洗液中中性粒细胞数on—pump组均高于off—pump组（P〈0．05）。结论 Off—pump CABG对肺的气体交换功能损伤较小，术后肺部并发症发生率较低，因此更适合于冠心病合并COPD的患者。     

Change in the volume of extra cellular fluid in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); comparison between off-pump and on-pump CABG

During the perioperative period for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) and on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (on-pump CABG), the volume of extra cellular fluid (ECF) was measured. The subjects were elective adult coronary artery bypass surgery cases, consisting of 13 OPCAB cases and 7 on-pump CABG cases. The ECF volume was measured the day before surgery, immediately after surgery, and 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery, with a bioimpedance analyzer (XITRON 4000 C). ECF volume variation was defined as the difference from the preoperative value divided by body weight, and was expressed in %BW. At the same time, respiratory-index and leukocyte count were measured. The maximum postoperative ECF volume was 3.13 +/- 2.6 %BW in the OPCAB group and 5.36 +/- 2.0 %BW in the on-pump CABG group, that is, significantly higher in the on-pump CABG group. The ECF volume started to increase in the on-pump CABG group immediately after surgery (4.38 +/- 1.8 %BW in the on-pump CABG group and 2.07 +/- 2.4 %BW in the OPCAB group), reaching its peak 6 hours after surgery in the on-pump CABG group and 4 hours after surgery in the OPCAB group. Thereafter, the volume gradually decreased, and 48 hours after surgery the volume decreased in the OPCAB group to 0.064 +/- 1.5 %BW, or to about the same value as the preoperative value, whereas in the on-pump CABG group the volume remained high: 1.9 +/- 2.9 % BW. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the change in respiratory-index. The leukocyte count remained significantly higher in the on-pump CABG group. The ECF volume was measured by the bioimpedance measuring method. This is a useful method of measuring the volume non-invasively and continuously. In the OPCAB group, the increase in postoperative ECF volume was less, and recovery to the preoperative level was faster than in the on-pump CABG group.