CT引导下臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨CT引导下臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出的价值。方法45例患者中椎间盘突出30例、椎间盘膨出15例,于CT引导下穿刺行臭氧注射治疗。穿刺途径:椎间盘突出为旁中央型者,经神经根与硬膜囊之间或神经根与小关节之间穿刺突出物达盘内;椎间盘膨出或后正中突出者则取脊柱中线旁开6~10 cm侧后方穿刺。分别于盘内及突出物中央和盘外注射浓度为40~50μg/ml臭氧5~15 ml,总量小于30 ml。结果注射臭氧后CT扫描显示臭氧在间盘内分布呈裂隙状、髓核腔内积聚状、弥散分布状及大部分溢出盘外状。治疗后3~6个月随访显效36例(80%)、有效6例(13%)、无效3例(7%),总有效率93%。结论CT引导下盘内、突出物及盘外臭氧注射术穿刺准确,可及时观察臭氧分布及注射后间盘的改变。它安全、创伤小、疗效高,是椎间盘突出症的理想治疗方法。     

臭氧与胶原蛋白酶联合应用治疗腰椎间盘突出

目的观察经皮穿刺联合注射臭氧(O3)及胶原酶治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床应用价值。方法50例腰椎间盘突出症患者于CT引导下行后路途径穿刺突出物达到盘内，于盘内注射浓度为60pg／ml臭氧(O3)，退针达突出物中央联合注射600U胶原酶2ml及60μg／ml臭氧(O3)5ml。结果患者于术后6个月时获得最佳疗效，其疗效优、良、差率分别为44％、48％和8％。结论椎间盘内和突出物内联合注射臭氧及胶原酶是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效、安全的方法。     

CT导引臭氧腰椎间盘靶向注射的影像学特征

目的探讨经皮穿刺臭氧腰椎间盘靶向注射治疗腰椎间盘各型突出的穿刺路径,观察臭氧在椎间盘和突出物的分布。方法123例经皮穿刺腰椎间盘臭氧消融术患者,根据突出节段分别在CT下进行薄层扫描,根据突出类型选择合适穿刺路径,注射臭氧后CT扫描观察气体分布状况。结果75例L4～5椎间盘穿刺全部成功采用后外侧路径。85例L5～S1椎间盘穿刺全部采用小关节内缘侧隐窝路径。臭氧在椎间盘髓核腔内积聚状分布43例,裂隙状分布64例,弥漫分布状62例。46例L4～5和L5～S1椎间盘突出物大于1/3矢状径的突出,29例在突出物内和突出物表面分布,17例在突出物表面分布。结论CT导引臭氧腰椎间盘消融术穿刺定位精确,可以进行椎间盘和突出物靶向注射,同时可观察注射后气体在目标部位的分布状况。     

臭氧消融治疗126例颈腰椎间盘突出的临床观察

目的 观察臭氧消融治疗颈、腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效.方法 36例颈椎间盘突出和90例腰椎间盘突出症患者均采用臭氧髓核消融治疗,在CT导视下定位,穿刺途经颈椎为前侧方入路,腰椎为后侧方入路,穿刺到病变椎间盘中央;颈椎盘内注入50ug/ml臭氧8-12ml,腰椎盘内注入60ug/ml臭氧15-30ml,行CT扫描,查看髓核溶解程度,然后退针至椎旁,再注入40ug/ml臭氧5ml,及利多卡因、复方倍他米松、维生素B12复合液,解除对硬膜囊及神经根的压迫.结果 穿刺成功率100%,治疗后3个月门诊及电话回访,总有效率96%.结论 CT导视臭氧溶解治疗颈、腰椎间盘突出,穿刺准确,方法简捷,安全有效.     

CT引导下经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果.方法:将120例腰椎间盘突出症患者在CT引导下在盘内及神经根注射臭氧.结果:术后随访3-12月,优88例,良24例,可6例,差2例,优良率93.3%.结论:经皮臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症是安全、有效的方法,值得临床推广应用.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧消融治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮穿刺椎间盘内、外注射臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效.方法 在CT导向下经皮穿刺盘内注射医用臭氧(60 mg/L)5～10 ml、盘外(椎间孔)注射医用臭氧(40 mg/L)10 ml治疗腰椎间盘突出症38例.结果 38例随访6个月,按照改良MacNab疗效评定标准进行评定:优15例,良21例,差2例,优良率94.5%.结论 CT引导下经皮穿刺臭氧注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有定位准确、操作简单、疗效确切、并发症少等优点.     

CT引导下臭氧盘内盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察臭氧盘内、盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法选择腰椎间盘突出症患者46例,在CT引导下行盘内穿刺注射浓度为60μg/ml的氧气-臭氧混合气体5~8ml,盘外(椎间孔)注射浓度为40μg/ml氧气-臭氧混合气体10ml,得保松1ml,观察其治疗效果。结果46例腰椎间盘突出症患者治疗3个月后进行随访,按照改良Macnab疗效评定标准进行评定,优17例(36.9%),良26例(56.5%),差3例(6.5%),优良率93.2%。无一例脊髓、神经、硬膜囊、血管、肠管损伤等严重并发症发生。结论CT引导下臭氧盘内盘外注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症,具有定位准确、操作简单、安全可靠、痛苦小、并发症少、恢复快、效果佳的特点,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症良好的介入治疗方法之一。     

选择性腰间盘突出症臭氧治疗88例临床观察

目的观察O2-O3混合气体盘内注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法88例腰间盘突出症患者。其中椎间盘膨出32例,突出56例。在CT监视下采用21G穿刺针经皮穿刺至腰椎间盘,实施盘内及椎间孔周围臭氧注射术。盘内注射浓度60%的臭氧25ml,椎间孔周围注射浓度40%的臭氧15-20ml。结果随访3-18个月,有效79例,无效9例,总有效率(89.8%),无效(10.2%)。结论臭氧髓核注射能消融髓核。O2-O3混合气体注射术是治疗腰间盘突出症有效安全的方法。     

CT导向下医疗用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察CT导向下医用臭氧治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法30例腰椎间盘突出症患者,术前均经CT或MRI检查证实。在CT导向下行臭氧消融治疗。盘内注入浓度为60μg/ml臭氧10-20 ml,退针出纤维环至椎间孔附近,注入浓度为40μg/ml臭氧5 ml。结果随访时间1-6个月,显效7例,有效18例,无效5例,总有效率为80.3%,未发生任何明显并发症。结论CT导向下医用臭氧局部注射是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的一种有效方法。     

多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-01—2014-12采用经皮多点多次臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症20例。所有患者均注射3次,每5 d注射1次,臭氧浓度为60μg/ml。结果臭氧消融过程中未见神经根损伤、心脑血管意外及感染,仅2例在L5S1间隙穿刺时出现脑脊液漏,行补液等对症治疗后症状消失。术后VAS评分较术前明显降低,各时间点评分持续下降,差异有统计学意义(F=317.13,P0.001)。20例术后均获得随访3~15个月,平均6个月。术后3个月采用改良Macnab评分标准评定疗效:优16例,良2例,可2例,优良率90%。结论多次经皮靶点穿刺臭氧消融术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全有效,值得临床推广。     

Reduction of Plasma Fibrinogen, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin M Concentrations by Immunoadsorption Therapy with Tryptophan and Phenylalanine Adsorbents

Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.     

The multiply injured child

Blunt trauma is the principal cause of childhood death in many developed countries. This review outlines the differences between adults and children with respect to resuscitation and treatment of orthopaedic injuries in a child with polytrauma. Recent advances in techniques of fracture stabilization are reported.     

Development of Selective Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Apheresis System: Immobilized Polyanion as LDL-Specific Adsorption for LDL Apheresis System

Abstract: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is widely recognized as one of the major risk factors for developing coronary heart diseases. Despite intensive development of LDL-lowering drugs, there still exist those patients with refractory hyperlipidemia whose plasma LDL levels are not sufficiently lowered by drugs. LDL apheresis, direct removal of plasma LDL from circulating blood, is thought to be the most promising treatment for such refractory patients. Various techniques, such as the use of an im-munoadsorbent utilizing an anti-LDL antibody, have been used in an attempt to achieve the selective removal of LDL. However, none were widely used because of complications, poor selectivity, and so forth. To establish a safe and effective LDL apheresis system, we chose a synthetic affinity adsorbent as the LDL-removing device. Synthetic polyanion compounds were used as the affinity ligands for LDL adsorbent to simulate the anion-rich sequence of LDL binding sites in the human LDL receptor. Among various polyanion compounds, those polyanions with sulfate or sulfonate groups and hydrophilic backbone were found to have strong affinity for LDL. In contrast, polyanions with carboxyl groups showed poor affinity. Dextran sulfate (DS) was selected as the affinity ligand of LDL adsorbent for its high affinity and low toxicity. The influence of its charge density and molecular weight on its affinity for LDL was suitable. The affinity rapidly increased as the charge density increased, then, reached a constant value. Little affinity was found for either the DS monomer (glucose sulfate) or DS with a molecular weight higher than 10⁴ daltons whereas DS with molecular weights in the midrange showed strong affinity. DS with a midrange molecular weight was immobilized on cellulose hard gel to give LDL adsorbent clinical application. The adsorbent demonstrated an excellent selectivity for LDL and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in vitro. Adsorption of high-density lipoprotein and major plasma proteins was almost negligible. Additional study of the LDL-binding mechanism revealed that DS directly interacts with positively charged sites on LDL, which demonstrates that the nature of the interaction is the same as that of LDL receptor. An LDL adsorption column (Liposorber) packed with an LDL adsorbent and polysulfone hollow-fiber plasma separator (Sulflux) was developed as an efficient LDL apheresis system. Clinical investigation proved that this system is capable of intensively lowering the plasma LDL level without affecting major plasma components.     

Artificial organs 2010: a year in review

In this Editor's Review, articles published in 2010 are organized by category and briefly summarized. As the official journal of The International Federation for Artificial Organs, The International Faculty for Artificial Organs, and the International Society for Rotary Blood Pumps, Artificial Organs continues in the original mission of its founders "to foster communications in the field of artificial organs on an international level."Artificial Organs continues to publish developments and clinical applications of artificial organ technologies in this broad and expanding field of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration from all over the world. We take this time also to express our gratitude to our authors for offering their work to this journal. We offer our very special thanks to our reviewers who give so generously of time and expertise to review, critique, and especially provide such meaningful suggestions to the author's work whether eventually accepted or rejected and especially to those whose native tongue is not English. Without these excellent and dedicated reviewers the quality expected from such a journal could not be possible. We also express our special thanks to our Publisher, Wiley-Blackwell, for their expert attention and support in the production and marketing of Artificial Organs. In this Editor's Review, that historically has been widely received by our readership, we aim to provide a brief reflection of the currently available worldwide knowledge that is intended to advance and better human life while providing insight for continued application of technologies and methods of organ Replacement, Recovery, and Regeneration. We look forward to recording further advances in the coming years.     

Avaliação do clube de revista de anestesiologia por meio de mudanças semânticas

Background and objectives

The interactive approach of a journal club has been described in the medical education literature. The aim of this investigation is to present an assessment of journal club as a tool to address the question whether residents read more and critically.

Methods

This study reports the performance of medical residents in anesthesiology from the Clinics Hospital – University of São Paulo Medical School. All medical residents were invited to answer five questions derived from discussed papers. The answer sheet consisted of an affirmative statement with a Likert type scale (totally disagree–disagree–not sure–agree–totally agree), each related to one of the chosen articles. The results were evaluated by means of item analysis – difficulty index and discrimination power.

Results

Residents filled one hundred and seventy three evaluations in the months of December 2011 (n = 51), July 2012 (n = 66) and December 2012 (n = 56). The first exam presented all items with straight statement, second and third exams presented mixed items. Separating “totally agree” from “agree” increased the difficulty indices, but did not improve the discrimination power.

Conclusions

The use of a journal club assessment with straight and inverted statements and by means of five points scale for agreement has been shown to increase its item difficulty and discrimination power. This may reflect involvement either with the reading or the discussion during the journal meeting.     

Soluble TNFα Receptors Are Increased in Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Hemodialysis and Inhibit Neutrophil Priming by TNFα

Abstract: The oxidative burst of neutrophils from azotemic patients is refractory to priming by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). Soluble TNFα binding proteins (TNFR) accumulate in the plasma of azotemic patients. To test the hypothesis that these increased sTNFR concentrations inhibit TNFa priming of oxidative burst activity, we measured plasma sTNFR concentrations in nondialyzed azotemic patients, hemodialysis patients, and normal subjects, and determined TNFa priming of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated superoxide production in neutrophils incubated in plasma with differing levels of sTNFR. These sTNFR concentrations increased significantly as creatinine clearance decreased and were significantly greater in hemodialysis patients than could be accounted for by loss of renal function alone. TNFα primed superoxide production by normal neutrophils in normal plasma, but this effect was significantly reduced in plasma with increased concentrations of sTNFR. Neutrophils from azotemic and hemodialysis patients were refractory to priming by TNFα in autologous plasma, and incubation in normal plasma only partially corrected this defect. We conclude that sTNFR accumulate as a result of the loss of renal function and hemodialysis and inhibit TNFα priming of neutrophils in azotemic and hemodialysis patients, but that these cells also have an intrinsic functional defect.     

Lymphocytapheresis

Abstract: Leukocytapheresis has long been performed with the centrifugal method. But in 1989 in Japan, the Asahi Medical Co. developed the extracorporeal leukocyte-removal filter, Cellsorba. This filter consists of non-woven fabric, which can remove leukocytes from whole blood during extracorporeal circulation. In the incipient stage, this filter was applied to collagen diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. During the following studies, this filter has been found to have an immunosuppressive effect. Now, it is beginning to be applied to various kinds of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, this filter has recently been recognized to be effective in inflammatory bowel diseases, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The outline of Cellsorba and the application of this filter is described here.