多形式延续护理对前列腺癌根治术患者焦虑及生活质量的影响

目的探讨多形式延续护理对前列腺癌根治术患者焦虑情绪、术后并发症和生活质量的影响。方法将112例前列腺癌根治术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各56例。对照组给予常规护理和出院指导,观察组在此基础上实施多形式延续护理。出院前及出院后不同时间测评患者焦虑程度、生活质量,并统计尿失禁改善情况。结果出院后1、3、6个月观察组焦虑程度显著低于对照组,出院后6个月生活质量评分及术后尿失禁改善情况显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论对前列腺癌根治术患者出院后实施多形式延续护理,可以显著改善患者焦虑情绪,促进患者康复,提高其生活质量。     

认知干预对门诊焦虑症患者临床疗效的影响

目的探讨认知干预对门诊焦虑症患者焦虑情绪及临床疗效的影响。方法将80例焦虑症患者按就诊时间分为观察组及对照组各40例,两组均给予抗焦虑治疗。对照组常规给予服药、运动、饮食指导及健康教育处方发放与讲解;观察组在此基础上融入阅读、沟通等认知干预。连续3个月后评价效果。结果观察组汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分下降幅度显著大于对照组(P0.01),治疗效果显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论实施系统的认知干预有利于减轻患者的焦虑症状,提高疗效。     

心血管健康管理网络平台用于出院患者随访的研究

目的探讨心血管健康管理网络平台改善出院患者心理状态及自我管理能力的效果。方法按出院顺序将535例患者随机分为对照组265例和观察组270例,对照组采用常规电话随访,观察组使用心血管健康管理网络平台的医护端联合手机App客户端进行为期1年的随访,对两组患者干预前后的心理状态、生活质量及再入院率进行比较。结果观察组焦虑及抑郁评分及再入院率显著低于对照组(均P0.05),生活质量评分显著高于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论利用心血管健康管理网络平台进行随访能有效缓解出院患者的不良心理状态,提高生活质量,并降低患者出院后再入院率。     

水针刀靶向三点松解注射技术在冻结肩治疗中的应用

目的:观察水针刀靶向三点松解注射微创技术治疗冻结肩的临床效果。方法:自2017年3月至2018年11月,将140例冻结肩患者分为观察组与对照组。观察组70例,男30例,女40例;年龄(59.2±11.5)岁;病程(6.76±4.14)个月;采用水针刀靶向三点松解注射治疗。对照组70例,男29例,女41例;年龄(58.9±11.8)岁;病程(6.65±3.98)个月;采用小针刀治疗。在治疗前和疗程结束1个月后分别采用简化麦吉尔疼痛问卷表对两组患者的疼痛程度进行评估,采用Constant-Murley肩关节评分系统对两组患者的肩关节功能进行评估,并比较治疗后两组临床疗效,最后采用疼痛程度的改善率来评定患者的治疗效果。结果:疗程结束1个月后,两组冻结肩患者SF-MPQ中的分类疼痛评估指数、视觉模拟评分、现时疼痛强度及总的疼痛评分均较治疗前下降(P0.01),观察组的疼痛程度评分低于对照组(P0.01);两组肩关节疼痛、功能活动、肌力评分、活动度及Constant-Murley总评分均较治疗前提高(P0.01),观察组的肩关节疼痛、功能活动、活动度及Constant-Murley总评分优于对照组(P0.01),但肌力评分与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组疼痛程度改善愈显率为70.0%,优于对照组(45.7%),P=0.003;观察组疼痛程度改善总有效率为97.1%,优于对照组(84.3%),P=0.009。结论:采用水针刀靶向三点松解注射技术治疗冻结肩疗效确切,操作简单,患者痛苦小,安全性高,是一种较好的微创治疗方法。     

生活干预对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者焦虑抑郁及生活质量的影响

目的探讨生活干预对隔离病区轻型及普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者焦虑抑郁及生活质量的影响。方法将175例轻型及普通型新型冠状病毒肺炎患者按病区分为干预组75例和对照组100例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组按照制定的作息时间表给予生活干预。比较两组焦虑抑郁、生活质量评分,住院时间及疾病进展情况。结果出院时及出院后14 d干预组焦虑抑郁评分显著低于对照组,生活质量显著高于对照组,住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);两组重症率、危重症率和病死率比较差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论生活干预可减轻新型冠状病毒肺炎患者焦虑抑郁情绪,提高其生活质量。     

认知干预对门诊焦虑症患者临床疗效的影响

目的探讨认知干预对门诊焦虑症患者焦虑情绪及临床疗效的影响。方法将80例焦虑症患者按就诊时间分为观察组及对照组各40例,两组均给予抗焦虑治疗。对照组常规给予服药、运动、饮食指导及健康教育处方发放与讲解;观察组在此基础上融入阅读、沟通等认知干预。连续3个月后评价效果。结果观察组汉密尔顿焦虑量表评分下降幅度显著大于对照组（P〈0.01）,治疗效果显著优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论实施系统的认知干预有利于减轻患者的焦虑症状,提高疗效。     

肺移植患者居家监测管理App的设计与应用

目的探讨App用于肺移植患者居家监测管理的效果,为肺移植居家管理提供有效方法。方法将80例肺移植患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各40例。对照组接受常规随访干预,干预组应用自行设计的App进行居家监测管理。出院前及出院后1个月、3个月比较两组BODE指数、生活质量、焦虑抑郁,并统计出院后3个月内再入院次数。结果干预组出院后3个月BODE指数与对照组比较P=0.05,生活质量评分显著高于对照组,焦虑评分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);干预组出院后3个月内再入院次数显著少于对照组(P0.05)。结论对肺移植患者应用App实施居家监测管理可改善患者的生活质量和焦虑情绪,但对BODE指数的改善效果还需进一步观察。     

鼻咽癌患者及家属同期健康教育对患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨对鼻咽癌患者及其家属同时进行健康教育对改善患者生活质量的影响.方法 将110例鼻咽癌患者随机分为两组,对照组(53例)接受常规健康教育,观察组(57例)及其家属同时接受健康教育.在入院时、出院前及出院后6个月,采用生活质量核心量表(E()RTC QLQ-C30)分别对两组患者的生活质量进行评分比较.结果 入院时两组生活质量评分比较,差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05).出院前及出院后6个月观察组患者的生活质量评分显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01),且出院6个月时观察组放疗不良反应发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 鼻咽癌患者和家属同时接受健康教育,可以有效地改善患者的生活质量.     

团体认知行为治疗对抑郁症患者应对方式的影响

目的探索团体认知行为治疗对抑郁症患者应对方式的影响。方法将160例住院抑郁症患者随机分为对照组和观察组各80例,对照组接受药物治疗及常规心理护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予团体认知行为治疗。比较两组入院时及出院前简易应对方式问卷评分。结果观察组出院前积极应对评分显著高于对照组,消极应对评分显著低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论团体认知行为治疗可以改善抑郁症患者的应对方式。     

个案管理模式在慢性心力衰竭患者管理中的应用

目的 探讨个案管理模式在慢性心力衰竭患者管理中的应用效果.方法 将慢性心力衰竭患者120例随机分为对照组与个案管理组各60例.对照组按医院现有诊疗护理常规,出院后接受定期随访和返院复查;个案管理组由以个案管理师为核心的管理团队实施入院时管理、住院期间管理、出院前管理和出院后跟组管理的个体化综合治疗护理.调查两组患者住院期间不良事件发生率、住院天数、费用及出院后满意度、心功能、焦虑状态及生活质量改善情况.结果 个案管理组住院天数、住院费用显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01),部分心血管不良事件发生率、生活质量及焦虑评分显著低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);个案管理组患者出院后满意度评分及心功能显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 个案管理模式能提高患者满意度,改善慢性心力衰竭患者心功能及生活质量,并能降低患者的焦虑,减少心血管不良事件发生率,缩短住院天数,降低住院费用等.     

Mathematics anxiety: separating the math from the anxiety

Anxiety about math is tied to low math grades and standardized test scores, yet not all math-anxious individuals perform equally poorly in math. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to separate neural activity during the anticipation of doing math from activity during math performance itself. For higher (but not lower) math-anxious individuals, increased activity in frontoparietal regions when simply anticipating doing math mitigated math-specific performance deficits. This network included bilateral inferior frontal junction, a region involved in cognitive control and reappraisal of negative emotional responses. Furthermore, the relation between frontoparietal anticipatory activity and highly math-anxious individuals' math deficits was fully mediated (or accounted for) by activity in caudate, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus during math performance. These subcortical regions are important for coordinating task demands and motivational factors during skill execution. Individual differences in how math-anxious individuals recruit cognitive control resources prior to doing math and motivational resources during math performance predict the extent of their math deficits. This work suggests that educational interventions emphasizing control of negative emotional responses to math stimuli (rather than merely additional math training) will be most effective in revealing a population of mathematically competent individuals, who might otherwise go undiscovered.     

Beta-blockers in anxiety

The physiological correlates of anxiety include a number of cardiovascular and adrenergic effects that are indicated by an increased blood level of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Anxiety can also be induced by injection of isoprenaline. Pharmacological beta-blockade is therefore a logical procedure in the treatment of anxiety. A number of clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of beta-blockers such as propranolol, sotalol and oxprenolol, in the relief of anxiety symptoms both in comparison to placebo and benzodiazepines. There is evidence suggesting that beta-blocking drugs produce their benefit by a peripheral action and may therefore be most useful when somatic anxiety symptoms predominate. These drugs have also been used for treating stress-induced anxiety in normal subjects, such as may occur when speaking in public. Beta-blockers have also been used in the treatment of anxiety tremor, alcoholism and migraine. Unwanted effects are relatively uncommon, although headache, insomnia and unpleasant dreams may occur. Absolute contra-indications to their use are heart block and failure, and bronchospasm of whatever cause.     

Pre-operative parental anxiety

This study attempts to identify the incidence and specific sources of anxiety in the parents of children admitted to hospital for elective surgery, to isolate factors associated with increased anxiety and to identify useful ameliorative measures. One hundred parents were interviewed and completed a questionnaire before their child's surgery. Parental anxiety levels were measured using the Leeds scale for self-assessment of anxiety. Anxiety-related illness was identified in 47% of parents, who were significantly more concerned than others about all aspects of their children's hospitalisation. No factors were identified which could predict which parents were at high risk of developing an anxiety state. When questioned about educational and interventional measures which they felt would be reassuring, the same factors were identified by 'anxious' and 'non-anxious' parents. As all parents agree on useful ameliorative factors, a general advice and education programme would be appropriate.