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1.
目的评价球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效和安全性。方法自2008年8月至2011年7月采用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折30例42椎,患者均有腰背部疼痛。取俯卧位调节手术床使椎体骨折部位过伸,达到满意的闭合复位后,经皮双侧或单侧椎弓根穿刺球囊扩张,填充骨水泥。随访观察患者的疼痛、日常功能以及影像学改变情况。根据术前和术后侧位X线片测量椎体高度、后凸畸形角度,进行统计学分析。利用Oswestry评分、视觉模拟评分(visualanaloguescale,VAS)评定临床疗效。观察有无骨水泥渗漏等并发症。结果术后随访6~24个月,平均10个月。术后伤椎处疼痛均明显缓解,VAS评分从术前平均(8.45±0.48)分降至术后平均(2.45±0.52)分,椎体高度明显恢复,后凸畸形得到矫正。随访期间疗效满意,伤椎高度无明显丢失。未出现严重的骨水泥渗漏并发症。术后椎体高度及伤椎后凸角度与术前比较有统计学差异(P〈0.05),术后VAS及Oswestry评分与术前比较有统计学差异(P〈0.01)。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折,能有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形,能迅速缓解疼痛,减少骨折并发症,提高患者生活质量。  相似文献   

2.
目的探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效和安全性。方法2010年1月至2012年1月采用经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折42例48椎,其中男10例,女32例;年龄55—86岁,平均68.1岁。在C型臂x线机引导下,经皮穿刺进针,建立工作通道后放人可扩张球囊,复位骨折、形成空腔以及充填骨水泥。观察术后疼痛症状改善、骨折复位及后凸矫正情况。结果42例患者手术均顺利完成,术后随访6~18个月,平均随访12.5个月。疼痛VAS评分由术前平均(7.6±1.8)分降低为术后的(1.9±1.2)分,椎体前缘、中部高度分别由术前的(1.63±0.43)cm、(1.52±0.42)cm增加至术后的(2.06±0.37)cm、(1.96±0.34)cm,差异有统计学意义,椎体后缘高度术前、术后差异无统计学意义。椎体矢状面Cobb角由术前平均(27.8±6.5)°,矫正为术后(16.5±5.3)°。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全且近期疗效明显的方法。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床 效果。方法对69例共叨个老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的患者,均行经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸 成形术。观察指标为术前术后的疼痛视觉模拟评分(vasal analogue scale,VAS )、椎体高度的恢复及 并发症发生情况。结果 W个椎体均经皮行双侧椎弓根穿刺成功完成手术。所有患者疼痛缓解, VAS术前平均为(7. 52 10. 49)分,术后第3天平均为(2. 38 1 0. 22)分;术后1个月VAS平均为(1. 88 ±0. 12)分。术前骨折椎体前缘高度平均为(15.65 1 0. 68 ) mm,术后椎体前缘高度平均为(23.68 1 0.83) mm,术前术后差异有显著性(P < 0. 05 )。骨水泥注射量每个椎体3.5-7.5@1,平均5.5 ml。骨 水泥少量渗漏到椎间隙1个椎体,沿手术通道反流至椎弓根2个椎体,均无临床症状,渗漏率为 3.23%。结论经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,能迅速 缓解疼痛,一定程度的恢复椎体高度,临床疗效确切。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的可行性和疗效.方法 分析从2009年6月-2013年12月,采用蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张后凸成形术治疗老年人严重胸腰椎骨质疏松性压缩骨折43例46个椎体.局麻/全麻下经后路单侧椎弓根穿刺置入病椎,球囊缓慢扩张椎体,小剂量(0.5~1.0 mL)骨水泥注入撑开的空腔,再次插入球囊并撑开椎体高度,使之形成一薄的骨水泥蛋壳,撤出球囊,再次注入骨水泥填充.观察患者的视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)、活动能力评分、椎体高度测量及Cobb's角测量.结果 所有手术都顺利完成,无严重手术并发症.VAS评分由术前的(7.9±0.8)分下降至术后的(3.5±0.8)分(P<0.05),活动能力评分由术前的(3.5±0.6)分改善到术后的(1.3±0.4)分(P<0.05),椎体高度由术前的(13.5±2.0) mm增加到术后的(31.2±1.5) mm(P<0.05),Cobb's角由术前的(31.8°±6.9°)矫正到术后的(18.2°±5.8°)(P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义.所有患者门诊随访1~5个月,平均3.8个月,未出现椎体压缩、新发和相邻节段的骨折,临床表现明显改善.结论 蛋壳技术在经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术中的应用是治疗老年严重骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的一种快速有效方法,具有可行性.  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法2004年12月~2006年12月采用球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗30例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,共44个伤椎,其中男13例19个伤椎,女17例25个伤椎;年龄66~83岁,平均72岁;骨折部位为T7~L5椎体,术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整.结果30例患者均手术顺利,3例3个椎体前缘有少许未引起临床症状的骨水泥渗漏,其余椎体X线片上均未见明显骨水泥渗漏.所有患者术后48h内疼痛明显减轻或消失并可下床活动,住院4~12 d.随访6~24个月,平均14个月,术前平均疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为8.6±0.2分,术后为2.0±0.3分,末次随访时为2.1±0.2分,术后评分显著低于术前(P<0.01);Oswestry功能评分由术前43.1±1.1分降低到术后20.3±1.2分和末次随访21.1±1.2分(P<0.01);伤椎前、中柱的平均高度由术前15.1±1.8mm增加到术后24.3±2.1 mm和末次随访24.4±1.8 mm,手术前后差异有显著性(P<0.05).脊柱后凸Cobb角由术前平均21.2°±4.3°减小到术后10.1°±3.2°和末次随访10.2°±3.3°(P<0.05).结论球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术可有效恢复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能及减少骨水泥渗漏,临床疗效满意.  相似文献   

6.
《中国矫形外科杂志》2019,(22):2088-2090
[目的]探讨椎体球囊后凸成形术对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的治疗效果。[方法]对2018年3月~2018年11月因椎体压缩性骨折至本院就诊、行"椎体球囊后凸成形术"的患者进行随访,记录其术前、术后的疼痛评分和功能评分并进行对比,评估其手术疗效。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间平均(40.91±4.63) ml,术中出血量平均(31.83±6.04) ml,平均住院(2.41±0.62) d,未出现神经根损伤、大出血等术中并发症。术后患者VAS评分及ODI评分均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访3个月期间,所有患者均未出现骨水泥移位、骨水泥栓塞等并发症。1例患者术后1个月出现伤椎邻椎骨折,再次行椎体成形手术治疗。[结论]椎体球囊后凸成形术能够有效缓解椎体压缩性骨折患者的疼痛,提高生活质量。  相似文献   

7.
目的:评价球囊扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法:2008年10月至2010年5月应用经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗41例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者,男10例,女31例;年龄61~83岁,平均67.5岁。患者主要症状是腰背部疼痛,影响正常生活,共65个椎体,骨折部位T9-L4。按照VAS评分、影像学资料、Oswestry评分标准分别对患者疼痛、椎体高度和Cobb角、日常活动功能进行观察。结果:所有手术均顺利完成,无严重手术并发症。有7个椎体发生骨水泥渗漏,均未出现临床症状。术后患者腰痛均明显缓解,随访7~26个月,平均14个月,视觉模拟评分(VAS)由术前的(8.38±0.60)分下降至术后的(2.45±0.38)分,最终随访为(2.53±0.36)分;Oswestry功能评分术前为(40.00±1.16)分,术后为(17.00±2.11)分,末次随访为(15.00±1.41)分;椎体前缘的高度术前平均为(14.64±1.30)mm,术后为(25.11±1.12)mm,末次随访为(23.16±1.14)mm;伤椎后凸角度术前平均为(30.17±1.45)°,术后为(12.10±1.37)°,末次随访为(14.31±0.51)°。各指标术后与术前、最终随访时与术前差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05);术后与最终随访时差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论:球囊扩张经皮椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的有效方法,能迅速缓解疼痛,有效恢复骨折椎体的高度及后凸畸形。具有创伤小,安全性好的优点。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的临床疗效及并发症。方法随访老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折患者21例,男5例,女16例,年龄61~82岁,平均72岁,21例36椎行经皮椎体成形术(PVP),术前及术后3 d进行疼痛视觉类比评分(VAS)和活动能力评分;随访期间观察患者疼痛缓解及生活能力状况,并分析骨水泥渗漏、邻椎骨折、临近器官损伤等并发症。结果手术全部成功,术后早期疼痛明显缓解,VAS评分术后3 d(2.5±0.6)较术前(7.5±0.7)明显下降(P<0.01);活动能力评分术后3 d(1.2±0.4)较术前(2.4±0.6)明显改善(P<0.01)。随访6~26个月(平均16个月);4例发生周围椎体骨折;3例发生骨水泥渗漏。患者对治疗效果满意。结论经皮椎体成形术是一种治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的微创手术,能够有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体骨折引起的疼痛,维持椎体稳定性,恢复椎体的高度,是一种简单、安全、有效的新方法。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]探讨依据术前MRI检查结果对老年多椎体骨质疏松压缩骨折行选择性椎体后凸成形术的疗效.[方法]自2003年6月~2006年12月老年多椎体骨质疏松压缩骨折21例57椎,采用根据术前MRI信号改变判断疼痛性椎体和陈旧骨折椎体,行选择性球囊扩张后凸成形术的治疗方法.对疼痛性椎体采用正常球囊扩张压力和足量骨水泥充填;对陈旧性骨折椎体采用较低球囊扩张压力和少量骨水泥充填,不追求恢复椎体高度.观察术后症状改善、骨折复位情况及有无并发症发生.[结果]21例手术均顺利完成,术后24 h内疼痛均明显缓解.椎体前缘、中部、后缘平均高度术前分别为(1.7±0.9)cm,(1.7±0.7)cm,(2.5±0.9)cm,术后分别为(2.2±0.4)cm,(2.4±0.6)cm,(2.6±0.3)cm,椎体前缘、中部平均高度手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Cobb's角由术前33.7°±10.9°矫正至术后25.9°±9.3°,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后平均随访26.3个月,患者疼痛症状均较术前明显改善或消失,未出现严重并发症.[结论]依据术前MRI结果对多椎体压缩骨折采用选择性后凸成形术治疗,临床效果满意,能够缩短手术时间、减少手术并发症、减少射线损害和手术费用,更适于老年多椎体骨质疏松压缩骨折的治疗.  相似文献   

10.
Sky骨扩张器在骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折中的初步应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨Sky骨扩张器经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法应用Sky骨扩张器行经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折8例。随访观察患者手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),测量手术前后病椎前缘及后缘高度,并进行比较和统计学分析。结果8例均经椎弓根途径完成手术,手术时间40~70min,骨水泥注入量每个椎体2.5~4.2ml,分布均超过中线。所有患者疼痛缓解,VAS术前为(8.7±1.1)分,术后第3天为(3.5±2.0)分;椎体高度明显恢复,术前骨折椎体前缘平均高度为17.51mm,术后为20.60mm。8例均无并发症发生。结论应用Sky骨扩张器治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折创伤小,初步观察安全有效。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
19.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

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