Tile C型骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的疗效。方法采用后路门形钢板固定后环加外固定架固定前环手术治疗36例Tile C型骨盆骨折患者。结果 36例均获随访,时间8～29个月。患者切口均一期愈合,无针道感染,无螺钉及外固定松动、断裂,无骨折复位丢失。骨折均骨性愈合,患者均恢复行走功能。手术效果根据Matta和Tornetta标准评定:优25例,良9例,可2例,优良率为94.4%。术后功能恢复根据Majeed标准评定:优22例,良11例,可3例,优良率为91.7%。结论后路门形钢板固定后环加外固定架固定前环治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折,手术操作简单,创伤小,固定牢靠,术后并发症少,疗效满意。     

腰髂联合外支架固定对骨盆前环伴经骶骨Denis-II骨折的治疗

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨腰髂固定联合外固定支架对经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法〓采用后路切开复位腰髂固定联合前路外固定支架治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤病人11例,骨盆骨折tile分型均为Tile-C型,C1型8例,C2型2例,C3型1例。经骶骨骨折Denis分型Ⅱ型。结果〓随访时间11~64月,平均36.4月。均获骨性愈合,Majeed评分平均84分。优6例,良4例,优良率90.9%。术后切口感染1例,外固定架钉道感染1例,清创拆除支架换药后愈合。结论〓腰髂固定联合外固定支架可有效稳定骨盆环,手术创伤小,效果可靠。是治疗经骶骨骨折骨盆前后环损伤的可靠方法。     

经皮锁定重建钢板内固定治疗骨盆骨折后环不稳定

目的探讨经皮锁定重建钢板内固定治疗骨盆骨折后环不稳定的临床疗效。方法自2008-03—2012-07采用经皮锁定重建钢板内固定治疗骨盆骨折后环不稳21例,分别依据Matta标准和Majeed评分评定疗效。结果 21例均获得平均15.3(11~24)个月随访。切口均一期愈合。术后3个月X线片按照Matta标准评定:优10例,良好8例,可3例,优良率85.7%。骨盆功能依据Majeed评分评定:优7例,良12例,可2例,优良率90.5%。结论经皮锁定重建钢板内固定治疗骨盆骨折后环不稳定创伤小,操作简单、安全,固定可靠,并发症少,可获得良好的临床疗效。     

髌骨环内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折

目的探讨髌骨环内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法对58例髌骨粉碎性骨折行切开复位髌骨环内固定术治疗。结果 58例获6~14个月随访,根据功能评定:优46例,良9例,差3例。结论应用髌骨环内固定治疗髌骨粉碎性骨折,术后不需外固定,可早期进行功能锻炼,膝关节功恢复较好,是治疗粉碎性髌骨骨折较理想的手术方法。     

骨盆骨折合并会阴损伤的治疗

目的探讨骨盆骨折合并会阴损伤的治疗。方法13例会阴裂伤一期清创,骨盆环骨折内固定或外固定架临时固定、二期内固定。结果无一例死亡,会阴损伤愈合良好,无感染瘘道、大小便失禁、肛门和阴道狭窄等;骨盆骨折根据Majeed疗效评价标准:优10例,良3例。结论骨盆骨折合并会阴损伤,早期清创、止血、修复、固定骨盆能降低死亡率、减少并发症。     

不稳定性骨盆环骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨开放复位内固定治疗不稳定性骨盆环骨折的方法和效果.方法 2001年10月至2006年10月,对78例不稳定骨盆环骨折患者采用切开复位重建钢板内固定和"C"型臂X线机或CT引导下经皮空心螺钉内固定及TSRH系统固定.按照AO分型:B2型3例,B3型4例,C1型12例,C2型34例,C3型25例.患者入院后均在抗休克、输血等治疗的同时急诊用骨盆外固定架暂时固定复位,以稳定病情、减少出血.伤后7～10 d手术,20例前路手术后1周行后路手术,58例为一期前后路同时手术内固定.后路经皮"C"型臂X线机引导下骶髂复合体空心螺钉固定10例,CT引导下经皮空心螺钉固定20例,切开复位TSRH系统固定48例.手术时间2～5 h,平均3 h.结果 术后浅表感染5例,经换药愈合;深部感染2例,经清创引流愈合.3例术中损伤膀胱行及时修补,2例术后发现膀胱损伤行膀胱造瘘后愈合.发生下肢深静脉血栓6例,经溶栓等保守治疗治愈.术前合并骶丛损伤的患者术后3～6个月功能大部分恢复.术后随访6～60个月,平均30个月,无骨折不愈合.下肢长度差异在10 mm内72例,10～20 mm 6例.复位根据Tornetta和Matta评定标准,优58例,良16例,可4例,优良率94.9%.术后功能按照Majeed评分系统,优45例,良20例,可13例,优良率83.3%.结论 对不稳定性骨盆环骨折患者采用前后环切开复位内固定,稳定性好、并发症少,可使患者早期康复.     

重组核因子κB活化因子受体蛋白预防小鼠骨质疏松的研究

目的:探讨Stoppa入路结合后方经皮钢板技术治疗C型骨盆骨折的临床疗效.方法:2009年6月至2011年7月,采用Stoppa入路重建钢板固定骨盆前环骨折结合后方经皮重建锁定钢板固定骨盆后环骨折的技术治疗16例C型骨盆骨折患者,男11例,女5例;年龄22～59岁,平均38.8岁.按照Tile分型:C1型10例,C2型4例,C3型2例.采用Tometta评估标准评定骨折复位情况,采用Majeed评分标准评定术后功能情况.结果:16例患者均获随访,时间4～13个月,平均7.3个月.手术时间80～140 min,平均100 min.术中出血量200～500 ml,平均280 ml.骨盆骨折的愈合时间为12～16周,平均14周.骨折复位按照Tometta评估标准:优9例,良6例,可1例.术后功能评定按Majeed评分标准:优9例,良5例,可2例.结论:Stoppa入路重建钢板固定骨盆前环骨折结合后方经皮重建锁定钢板固定骨盆后环骨折技术治疗C型骨盆骨折具有创伤小、手术操作安全、并发症少、固定牢靠、可早期活动的优点,是一种比较理想的微创手术方法.     

分阶段内外固定联合治疗不稳定骨盆骨折疗效观察

目的探讨急诊外固定联合二期内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的疗效。方法采用急诊外固定架固定联合二期切开复位钢板内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折15例,15例均伴有不同程度的低血容量性休克。结果本组均获得随访平均18.5(6~48)个月。外固定架保留时间平均12(8~15)周。骨折愈合时间平均14.5(13~16)周。末次随访时按照Majeed评分进行功能评价:优12例,良2例,可1例。结论急诊采用外固定架稳定骨盆环,二期行骨折端钢板内固定,这两种技术联合应用治疗不稳定骨盆骨折创伤小,手术操作简单,能明显减少输血量,疗效可靠。     

切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法28例垂直不稳定骨盆骨折患者在大重量牵引纠正垂直移位后,全部行切开复位内固定,骨盆前环骨折均用重建钢板内固定。结果随访12~48个月,平均23.2个月,均骨性愈合,无下肢不等长,骨盆畸形基本纠正,按刘利民等功能评定标准,优10例,良13例,可5例。结论切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折可取得满意疗效,对前后环骨盆骨折尽可能手术固定。     

微创重建锁定钢板内固定在骨盆后环损伤中的应用

目的探讨微创重建锁定钢板内固定治疗不稳定骨盆后环损伤的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2007-05—2011-06采用微创重建锁定钢板内固定治疗骨盆后环损伤21例。结果本组手术时间平均35(25~55)min,术中出血量平均100(50~200)ml。未出现血管神经损伤等严重并发症和重要脏器损伤。术后未出现切口感染、皮肤坏死和褥疮。术后均获随访12~29个月,平均10个月。骨折愈合时间平均3.5(3~5)个月。根据Matta评分评定术后骨折复位情况:优16例,良5例。患者术后功能恢复根据Majeed评估标准:优11例,良8例,可2例,优良率90.4%。结论微创重建锁定钢板内固定治疗不稳定骨盆后环损伤操作简单,创伤小,固定可靠,值得进一步推广。     

外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨外固定技术在不稳定性骨盆骨折治疗中应用的可行性和优越性。方法 2006年10月～2012年6月,采用外固定架技术对28例不稳定性骨盆骨折进行固定,同期或分期处理合并损伤、抗休克治疗,并对其疗效进行观察。结果 28例随访4～30个月,平均14.5月,无死亡,骨盆骨折愈合良好。根据Matta评定标准,优21例,良5例,可2例,差0例,优良率93%（26/28）。结论早期采取外固定技术治疗Tile B、C型骨盆骨折简单易行,安全可靠,能有效增强骨盆的稳定性,控制骨盆容积,减少出血,缓解疼痛,利于抗休克治疗。     

外固定架联合髂腰固定术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折

目的 探讨应用外固定架联合髂腰固定术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床效果.方法 对2008年1月至2009年3月收治的9例垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折患者进行手术治疗.男4例,女5例;年龄19～56岁,平均37岁.9例均为Tile C型骨折,其中C1.2型3例,C1.3型6例.采用后路患侧下腰椎旁切口入路,垂直移位复位后,椎弓根钉棒系统固定L4.5椎体和髂后上棘,前路双侧髂前上棘组合式外固定器固定.结果 9例患者术后获得12～18个月随访,平均14.3个月.术后X线片均示骨盆骨折复位满意,后环形态恢复良好;根据Matta骨盆骨折复位评定标准,优6例,良3例.术后2例患者骶丛损伤压迫症状解除,未出现医原性神经、血管损伤.下肢行走、蹲屈功能恢复满意.术后12个月Majeed评分:优7例,良2例.结论 外固定架联合髂腰固定术治疗垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折疗效满意,且具有操作简便、并发症少的特点.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of external fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis in treatment of vertically unstable pelvic fractures. Methods From January 2008 to March 2009, 9 patients (4 males and 5 females) with a vertically unstable pelvic fracture were treated with modular external fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis. According to the classification of Tile, 9fractures were classified as type C. This fixation construct comprises a vertical lumbopelvic distraction component which fixed L4.5 and the posterior superior iliac spine and a transverse fixation which fixed anterior iliac spine with external fixator. Results All patients were followed up 12-18 months after surgery, with an average of 14.3 months. Postoperative X-ray showed satisfactory reduction of pelvic fracture. Pelvic fractures healed in all patients without loss of reduction 3-6 months after operation. According to Matta reduction evaluation criteria, 6 patients were excellent and 3 good. For the two patients with sacral neurological injuries,appropriate surgical decompression was performed to improve the symptom and minimize the deformity. No iatrogenic complications of neurovascular injury occurred. Patients now walk unassistedly without pain in the waist or legs, and with no shortening of lower limbs or claudication. By considering symptom and satisfactory scores, the Majeed functional assessment revealed that seven patients had excellent results and two good at one year. Conclusion External fixator with lumbopelvic distraction spondylodesis that allowed early mobilization and ambulation, with general applicability and definite safety, is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of vertically unstable pelvic fracture.     

骶髂螺钉固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆后环骨折的疗效分析

目的评价骶髂螺钉治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法采用骶髂螺钉治疗42例不稳定型骨盆骨折。应用Tornetta复位情况评价表评估复位情况,应用Majeed骨盆骨折评分系统评价疗效。结果 42例均获随访,随访时间为4~34个月,平均15个月。闭合复位骶骨钉内固定骨盆骨折后环不稳术后分疗效满意。结论掌握骶骨置钉技巧,应用骶骨钉固定骨盆骨折后环不稳,手术操作简单、疗效好、适于基层医院广泛开展。     

骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤17例

目的：评价骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤17例临床效果。结果：17例中TileB型8例,C型9例,双钢板治疗5例,单钢板12例,手术时间平均3．6h（2．0-4．5h）,平均出血1800ml（800-4200m1）,14例随访平均27．4个月（6-42个月）,后环损伤平均移位16mm（4-28mm）,骨折愈合,轻度跛行3例。无感染发生。结论：骶髂关节前入路钢板治疗骨盆后环损伤能获得良好的复位和稳定的固定。     

有限切开内固定结合外固定器治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的 探讨有限切开内固定结合外固定器治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的临床价值.方法 采用有限切开内固定结合外固定器治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折28例,男17例,女11例;年龄21~52岁,平均34岁;合并神经损伤4例,失血性休克16例,其他部位骨折15例.按照Tile分型均为C型骨折,C1型15例,C2型9例,C3型4例.结果 28例中,23例复位满意,5例未完全复位,其中3例纵向移位≥1cm,2例横向分离移位(耻骨联合分离≥2cm,耻骨支分离≥1cm).骨折愈合时间2~5个月,平均3.2个月.2例切开复位后骶髂部皮肤发生浅层感染,培养为表皮葡萄球菌,选用敏感抗生素治疗后感染得到控制.3例外固定针孔感染.1例骶髂螺钉固定术后CT证实螺钉穿出S1A椎体前皮质.1例外固定支架固定螺钉穿出髂嵴外侧皮质.1例术后股外侧皮神经损伤.26例获得随访,随访时间18~58个月,平均48个月.根据Majeed制定评估标准,优17例,良7例,可2例,优良率92.3%.4例术前有神经损伤症状者,2例在术后4个月时完全恢复,2例未恢复.4例患者主诉腰骶部疼痛.结论 有限切开内固定可纠正不稳定骨盆骨折纵向移位,而横向移位可以使用外固定器复位固定.     

有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折

目的探讨有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折的方法和疗效。方法 2010年6月至2012年5月,采用有限切开复位钢板内固定治疗Tile C型骨盆骨折15例。其中:C1型10例,C2型4例,C3型1例。评估术中出血量、手术时间及术后患者功能恢复情况。结果 15例患者术后获12~24个月(平均15个月)随访。骨盆前环手术的手术时间和出血量平均分别为61 min、92 mL;后环手术平均分别为71 min、165 mL。术中均无重要血管、神经损伤等并发症发生。1例耻骨处伤口发生浅表感染,经换药治愈。骨折复位按Matta影像学评分标准评定:解剖复位10例,满意复位4例,可1例。骨折愈合时间为2~6个月,平均2.9个月。末次随访时采用Majeed骨盆骨折评分标准评定疗效:优12例,良2例,可1例。结论通过有限切开复位和钢板内固定可以对Tile C型骨盆骨折进行良好的显露和牢靠的固定,并且不需要暴露神经、血管等结构,具有微创特点,疗效显著。     

Standardized osteosynthesis techniques for the pelvic ring. Analysis of a patient sample and surgical technique]

A total of 1566 patients with fractures of the pelvis were treated at the Department of Traumatology at the Hannover Medical School between 1972 and 1990. Of these, 1350 patients had fractures of the pelvic ring, 216 isolated acetabulum fractures, and 398 combinations of pelvic ring fractures and acetabular involvement. Of these patients, 718 were admitted with severe polytrauma. For 1254 patients complete files were available for clinical and radiological evaluation of fracture distribution, classification (Tile and anatomical location) and concomitant injuries. A significant increase in the severity of trauma, the severity of the pelvic fractures and the rate of internal stabilization, especially of the posterior pelvic ring, was observed during the observation period. The overall mortality after pelvic fracture was 18.1%. This mortality was correlated to the Hannover Polytrauma Score (PTS) and the associated extrapelvic blunt trauma. Internal fixation of pelvic fractures was performed in 195 patients. Our experience led to standardized procedures for the different fracture locations. In fractures type Tile B, an anterior procedure led in all cases to anatomic or near anatomic healing. In unstable pelvic ring fractures (Tile C), external fixation led to a significantly higher rate of posterior dislocations (over 1 cm) than did internal fixation. In these situations a combined posterior and anterior internal fixation procedure improved the result compared to posterior internal stabilizations alone. As a result, internal stabilization using a standardized technique for every fracture location is recommended for all unstable pelvic ring fractures.     

骶髂关节螺钉联合前环耻骨支螺钉在Tile B型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的 :探讨微创经皮骨盆前环耻骨支螺钉固定在Tile B型骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 :回顾性分析自2010年5月至2015年8月收治的骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折患者56例,其中男31例,女25例;年龄35~65岁,平均36.8岁。按Tile分型:B1型13例,B2型28例,B3型15例。26例采用骶髂螺钉联合外固定架治疗(外固定架组),30例采用骶髂螺钉联合前柱螺钉治疗(耻骨支螺钉组),从术中出血量、术后并发症、术后下地时间、骨折愈合情况、Majeed骨盆功能评分和视觉模拟评分(visual aualogue scale,VAS)等方面进行对比分析。结果:54例获得随访,时间3~24个月,平均12个月,两组术中出血量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),耻骨支螺钉组术后下床时间、骨折愈合时间明显短于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组术后平均Majeed及VAS评分明显高于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。耻骨支螺钉组并发症发生率明显低于外固定架组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 :骶髂螺钉联合经皮耻骨支螺钉在治疗骨盆后环损伤伴前环耻骨支、坐骨支骨折的Tile B型骨盆骨折中具有术后下地时间早、疼痛减轻、并发症少等优点,是一种有效安全的治疗方法,能提高术后肢体功能,且有效减少术后并发症的发生。     

Functional outcome of internal fixation for pelvic ring fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the functional outcome after unstable pelvic ring fractures stabilized with internal fixation. METHODS: Between January 1, 1990, and September 1, 1997, 37 patients were treated with internal fixation for unstable pelvic fracture. Demographic data, type of accident, Hospital Trauma Index-Injury Severity Score, and fracture type according to Tile classification were scored. One patient died the day after the accident from neurologic injury. A Short Form-36 health questionnaire and a form regarding functional result after pelvic trauma, adapted from Majeed et al., were returned by 31 of 36 patients (86%). Twenty-eight patients (78%) were seen for physical and radiologic examination. RESULTS: Twenty-six men and 11 women, with an average age of 34.7 years (range, 15-66 years) were included. The mean Injury Severity Score reached 30.4 (range, 16-66). According to the Tile classification, there were 16 type B fractures and 21 type C fractures. Seven patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the pubic arch, 10 patients were treated with a combination of anterior open reduction and internal fixation with additional external fixation to increase the stability of the posterior ring. Nineteen patients underwent internal fixation of both anterior and posterior arch. In the remaining case, percutaneous posterior screw fixation was combined with anterior external fixation, because of estimated infectious risk. The average follow-up time was 35.6 months. Patients scored 78.6 of 100 on the Majeed score. Remarkable was the reported change in sexual intercourse in 12 patients (40%). Only 12 patients (40%) did not have complaints when sitting. On the SF-36 scales physical and social functioning, role limitations due to physical problems and vitality were limited compared with the averages for the Dutch population. Patients treated with combined anterior and posterior internal fixation scored significantly better on both the Majeed score and on the categories physical functioning, pain, general health and social functioning compared with patients with similar fractures treated with a combination of anterior internal fixation with external fixation. At the physical examination, 11 of 28 patients (39%) did not have any abnormality. Nineteen patients (68%) were back at their original job, which was physically demanding in 9 cases. There was a suspicion of nonunion of the posterior arch in two patients, which could be confirmed with a computed tomographic scan. CONCLUSION: In general, limitations in functioning are reported, even after long-term follow-up. In partially unstable fractures, solitary anterior fixation gives good results. In completely unstable fractures, patients treated with combined internal fixation anterior as well as posterior scored a better outcome compared with combined internal and external fixation. Therefore, this technique is recommended as treatment of first choice in completely unstable fractures.