直接抽吸取栓术治疗大脑中动脉M2段闭塞

目的观察直接抽吸取栓术治疗大脑中动脉M2段闭塞的效果。方法回顾性分析8例接受直接抽吸取栓术治疗的大脑中动脉M2段闭塞患者,统计血管再通率及术后24 h颅内出血情况;于术前及术后24 h、14天对患者进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,术后90天统计改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分,以评价预后。结果 8例(100%)血管均成功再通,无需其他取栓器材和技术补救;术后均未发生症状性颅内出血,3例出现无症状性颅内出血。患者术后24 h、术后14天NIHSS评分逐渐下降。术后90天,8例均达到mRS评分≤2分的良好结局,其中7例达到mRS评分≤1分的优良结局。结论直接抽吸取栓术治疗大脑中动脉M2段闭塞可早期改善患者神经功能,有效性和安全性均良好。     

支架取栓术治疗大脑中动脉M2段闭塞的临床效果

正对急性脑梗死患者,早期开通血管与预后密切相关~([1])。超早期使用重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(recombinant tissue plasminogen activator,rt-PA)进行溶栓是目前急性脑梗死最有效的治疗方法之一,但闭塞大血管再通率仅为13%～18%~([2])。2015年美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)/美国卒中协会(American Stroke Association,ASA)发布的《急性缺血性卒中治疗指南》~([3])推荐,对发病6h内的颈内动脉或近端大脑中动脉闭塞患者可行血管内支     

远端通过导管推越技术机械取栓治疗大脑中动脉M1段急性闭塞

目的 观察将治疗时间窗延长至16 h并以远端通过导管推越(ADVANCE)技术机械取栓治疗大脑中动脉M1段急性闭塞的效果。方法 回顾性分析60例因大脑中动脉M1段或颈内动脉合并大脑中动脉M1段闭塞(发病至介入治疗动脉穿刺时间≤16 h)而接受数字减影血管造影(DSA)引导下机械取栓治疗的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,其中28例以ADVANCE技术首次取栓(观察组)、32例以血栓抽吸术取栓(对照组),对比组间疗效及并发症。结果 观察组术后血管再通成功率[89.29%(25/28)]与对照组[93.75%(30/32)]差异无统计学意义(P=0.876)。观察组首过效应(FPE)率高于对照组,首次血管再通取栓次数及穿刺至血管开通时间均少于对照组(P均＜0.05)。术后1周美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及术后90天预后良好率组间差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。观察组术中血管痉挛发生率低于对照组(P＜0.05),2组颅内出血、远端栓塞、新发梗死及死亡率差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05)。结论 将治疗时间窗延长至16 h,以ADVANCE技术机械取栓治疗大脑中动脉M1段急性闭塞安全、有效。     

大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的总结大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤的诊断和血管内治疗方法。方法 2010年1月-2011年6月,收治32例大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤患者并行血管内治疗。男12例,女20例;年龄35～81岁,平均49.5岁。患者均有突发头痛病史,其中2例有意识障碍伴一侧肢体活动受限;22例有高血压病史。术前Hunt-Hess分级:Ⅰ级10例,Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ级7例;Fisher分级:Ⅱ级24例,Ⅲ级8例。16例患者应用单微导管弹簧圈栓塞,7例应用双微导管弹簧圈栓塞,4例应用球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞,4例应用单支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,1例应用双支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞。结果术后即刻数字减影血管造影检查示,除2例单微导管弹簧圈栓塞者获近乎致密栓塞外,余均获致密栓塞。术中18例蛛网膜下腔广泛出血,行腰大池置管持续引流3～7 d;余14例有少量蛛网膜下腔出血,术后间断腰椎穿刺缓慢释放血性脑脊液。术后1周颅脑CT示蛛网膜下腔出血量明显减少。术后1 d,2例出现局部脑缺血,经尼莫同等药物抗血管痉挛治疗1周后缓解。32例均获随访,随访时间4～17个月。患者无动脉瘤破裂再出血,术后3例一侧肢体瘫痪,1例术后失语,余无并发症及后遗症发生。术后3、6个月及1年复查计算机断层摄影血管造影术示致密栓塞的动脉瘤未再通。结论选择合适的介入治疗方法,大脑中动脉分叉部动脉瘤的血管内治疗是安全、可靠的。     

急性期症状性大脑中动脉狭窄3例

<正>目前,急性期症状性颅内动脉狭窄（symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis,sICAS）主要采取积极的药物治疗。相关研究表明,即使给予积极的药物治疗,早期sICAS患者仍存在进展或复发的风险[1]。紧急的血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,ET）可能对部分患者有益,如何识别急性期sICAS患者以及降低围手术期并发症的发生率是紧急的ET需要考虑的问题。大脑中动脉狭窄为颅内动脉狭窄的主要病变部位。现将广东省中医院采取不同治疗方式并获得不同临床结果的3例大脑中动脉重度狭窄引起的急性缺血性卒中相关病例资料报道如下。     

不同时机行去骨瓣减压加颞肌粘贴术治疗急性大脑中动脉区梗死效果的比较

目的探讨不同手术时机去骨瓣减压加颞肌粘贴术对急性大脑中动脉系脑梗死的疗效。方法对25例急性大脑中动脉脑梗死病人行开颅去骨瓣减压、加带血管蒂颞肌肌瓣粘附术,并观察不同手术时机的治疗效果。结果25例病例中生存18例,死亡7例,死亡率28％。早期手术组14例死亡2例。死亡率为14．3％：晚期手术组11例死亡5例,死亡率为45．5％;早期手术明显降低了死亡率（P〈0．01）。生存者术后半年Barthel Index评分早期手术组明显优于晚期手术组（P〈0.05）。结论对于急性大脑中动脉脑梗死,早期行开颅去骨瓣减压、加带血管蒂颞肌肌瓣粘附术,可迅速缓解颅内高压、促进神经功能恢复、减少死亡率．并能改善生存质量。     

对比观察血管支架植入术与药物治疗青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄效果

目的 对比观察脑血管支架植入术与药物治疗青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄的效果。方法 71例（30~44岁）脑梗死合并大脑中动脉重度狭窄（狭窄率>70%）患者,分别接受常规口服药物治疗（药物组,n=39）和支架植入术（支架组,n=32）,比较2组相关指标。结果 支架组手术成功率100%,共植入32枚支架。2组患者入组时及随访3、6、12、24个月,改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分组内比较差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）,mRS、NIHSS评分组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。随访期间药物组终点事件发生率、卒中再发率及再发卒中致残率（mRS评分≥ 2分）分别为20.51%（8/39）、20.51%（8/39）及20.51%（8/39）,支架组分别为6.25%（2/32）、3.13%（1/32）及3.13%（1/32）,2组间终点事件发生率差异无统计学意义（P=0.17）,支架组卒中复发率（P=0.04）及再发卒中致残率（P=0.04）均低于药物组。结论 相比药物治疗,植入支架可降低青年脑梗死合并大脑中动脉狭窄患者卒中复发率及致残率。     

大脑中动脉动脉瘤的显微外科治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)动脉瘤手术治疗的临床疗效。方法 回顾分析29例外科手术治疗的MCA的临床资料。结果 所有病例均施行显微外科手术，其中行动脉瘤夹闭20例，动脉瘤切除4例，夹闭加包裹5例，其中1例巨大动脉瘤(直径7cm)切除后同时行MCA端一端吻合。术后随访6～30个月，优良27例，中残2例(术前为Ⅳ级)。结论 显微外科手术可明显提高大脑中动脉动脉瘤的治疗效果。     

大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤的手术治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年3月17例颅内大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤患者的手术方法和疗效.术前采用CT、CTA、MR、MRA、DSA及三维DSA检查,以了解动脉瘤的部位、大小,形状以及侧支代偿情况,制定个体化治疗方案.在手术入路上多采用改良翼点入路,其中行动脉瘤瘤颈直接或塑形夹闭者4例,动脉瘤孤立或孤立后切除4例,动脉瘤切除或孤立后血管重建7例,动脉瘤包裹2例.结果 CT和MRI能清楚地显示动脉瘤的形状、大小.DSA及三维DSA能显示瘤颈以及与附近血管和骨质的关系.根据格拉斯骨预后评分表评分,出院时恢复优良者12例,中度病残4例,重度病残1例,无死亡病例.结论 术前有必要进行详细的影像学检查,有助于术者规划手术方法,制定个体化治疗方案,采用不同术式取得良好预后.载瘤动脉暂时性阻断、动脉瘤切开血栓清除均有助于瘤颈夹闭.血管重建技术为大脑中动脉巨大型动脉瘤的手术治疗开辟了新途径,明显改善了手术效果.     

介入疗法在急性肢体动脉闭塞治疗中的应用价值

目的探讨介入疗法在急性肢体动脉闭塞治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性总结28例急性肢体动脉闭塞介入治疗经验。采用经皮血管腔内成形术和动脉内溶栓术治疗上肢动脉闭塞5例、腹主动脉下段闭塞1例、下肢动脉闭塞22例。结果经术后4个月~9年临床观察,急性单段动脉闭塞血管再通率为100%(8/8例)、多段动脉闭塞血管再通率为80%(16/20例),总血管再通率为85.71%(24/28例)。结论介入疗法是治疗急性肢体动脉闭塞的一种有效方法,值得推广应用。     

Rat middle cerebral artery occlusion using an intraluminal thread technique

Summary A modification of the previous methods of producing cerebral ischaemia in rats (Koizumiet al., Longaet al.), using an intraluminal thread technique, is described. The middle cerebral artery is occluded by introducing a simple 3–0 nylon thread (0.20–0.249 mm in diameter) through the internal carotid artery in the neck. It has been proven that with this method reproducible focal cerebral ischaemia can be achieved which resembles human stroke.Therefore this simple and relatively non-invasive model is suitable for the pathophysiological investigation of ischaemic stroke and the testing of potential therapies.     

Ruptured aneurysm at a duplicated middle cerebral artery with accessory middle cerebral artery

Summary. Although many cerebral vascular anomalies are widely recognized, others are less well known or unclassified. Accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) and duplicated MCA are among uncommon anomalies. We present a very rare case of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of a saccular aneurysm arising from a duplicated middle cerebral artery which was associated with an accessory middle cerebral artery.     

Aneurysm at the origin of the accessory middle cerebral artery

An aneurysm at the junction of the accessory middle cerebral artery and the horizontal portion of the anterior cerebral artery is reported. The importance of this anomalous artery is discussed with regard to the genesis of aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery.     

血管内治疗不同分期动脉粥样硬化性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死

目的 观察血管内治疗不同分期动脉粥样硬化性椎基底动脉闭塞性脑梗死(ASVBOCI)的效果。方法 回顾性分析77例接受血管内治疗的ASVBOCI患者,包括急性期组(发病≤24 h,AP组)23例、亚急性早期组(发病>24 h且≤14 d,SAEP组)23例、亚急性晚期及慢性期组(发病>14 d,SALCP组)31例,对比观察3组术中情况、围手术期不良事件及预后。结果 AP组、SAEP组及SALCP组血管再通率分别为78.26%(18/23)、95.65%(22/23)及93.55%(29/31),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);AP组、SAEP组术中机械取栓率均高于SALCP组(P均<0.05),AP组球囊扩张及支架植入均低于SAEP组和SALCP组(P均<0.05)。围手术期AP组1例、SAEP组2例颅内出血,SALCP组无出血。术后3个月SALCP组预后良好率高于、死亡率低于AP组及SAEP组(P均<0.05),后二者差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 血管内治疗不同分期ASVBOCI安全、有效。     

Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of anterior and middle cerebral artery associated with brain infarction: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Intracranial dissecting aneurysms have been reported with increasing frequency and are recognized as a common cause of stroke. In some reviews and case reports, attempts have been made to compare the outcomes of surgical and medical treatments. However, the appropriate management of dissecting aneurysms in the anterior circulation remains controversial, especially in patients who also manifest cerebral infarction.

CASE DESCRIPTION

A 45-year-old male was diagnosed as having a dissecting aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) with cerebral infarction. In the course of conservative treatment, he developed a new cerebral infarction in the territory of the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Repeat cerebral angiograms revealed an increase in the aneurysmal dilatation of the right M2 and the appearance of a segmental dilatation of the right A2. He continued to be treated conservatively and his course was satisfactory. On subsequent angiograms, we observed resolution of the right A2 dissection and no further progression of the dilatation of the right M2.

CONCLUSION

This is the first reported case of simultaneous idiopathic dissecting aneurysms of different major arterial branches in the anterior circulation. Our review of the literature disclosed 36 and 23 cases, respectively, of dissecting aneurysms of the ACA and MCA. Many previously reported patients with these dissecting aneurysms involving subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) underwent surgery, which resulted in better outcome. More than half of the patients with ACA and MCA dissecting aneurysms had cerebral infarction. All ACA dissecting aneurysms involving ischemia occurred in the A2 region. The outcomes of both surgical and conservative management were equally satisfactory. On the other hand, in patients with MCA dissecting aneurysms, the area of ischemia frequently involved the M1 region; in these patients, conservative treatment resulted in poor outcomes. Therefore, revascularization distal to the compromised artery should be considered in patients with MCA-dissecting aneurysms who have ischemia. Careful interpretation of serial angiograms and/or magnetic resonance (MR) images is necessary because of the possibility of disease progression. If the aneurysmal size increases or there is progression of ischemic symptoms in the course of conservative treatment, surgery must be urgently evaluated.     

Dissecting aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery and accessory middle cerebral artery. Case report

A 66-year-old woman presented with dissecting aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and accessory middle cerebral artery (MCA) manifesting as subarachnoid hemorrhage but without radiological evidence of the dissecting aneurysms. Intraoperative observation revealed that the vessel walls were dark purple in color, a typical finding of dissecting aneurysm. The abnormal A1 segment was trapped and the dissecting aneurysm of the accessory MCA was wrapped. In the case of SAH of unknown origin, dissecting aneurysm should always be kept in mind even if the angiogram does not show any abnormal finding. This is the first reported case of dissecting aneurysm of the accessory MCA.