MRI定性定量分析类风湿关节炎患者手腕部骨关节改变

目的探讨3.0T MRI定性定量分析对类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者手腕部骨关节改变的诊断价值。方法将39例RA患者按病程分为早期组(病程≤24个月,20例)及中晚期组(病程24个月,19例),观察两组MRI滑膜炎、骨髓水肿、骨侵蚀、腱鞘炎征象,并应用昆明理工大学研发的定量分析软件测算滑膜炎、骨髓水肿范围。结果 39例患者(共78侧)的手腕部骨关节中,滑膜炎、骨髓水肿、骨侵蚀、腱鞘炎征象的出现率分别为94.87%(37/39)、64.10%(25/39)、61.54%(24/39)、76.92%(30/39)。滑膜炎在腕关节发生率最高[92.31%(72/78)],骨髓水肿在腕骨发生率最高[61.54%(48/78)],骨侵蚀最易累及三角骨[64.10%(50/78)]。屈肌键腱鞘炎[74.36%(58/78)]与伸肌腱腱鞘炎[61.54%(48/78)]发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.94,P=0.09)。早期组与中晚期组滑膜炎、骨髓水肿、骨侵蚀、腱鞘炎征象出现率差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。定量分析显示,早期组与中晚期组间滑膜炎范围及骨髓水肿范围差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 3.0T MRI可清楚显示RA手腕部骨关节的改变,通过定量分析软件可为评估疾病严重程度提供更加准确的量化信息。     

OPG/RANKL系统在类风湿关节炎中的变化及其对骨质疏松的影响

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)和护骨素(OPG)水平的变化及其对RA患者骨质疏松的影响.方法 采用ELISA测定64例RA患者和60例正常人外周血中RANKL和OPG水平,采用双能X线骨密度吸收仪测定骨密度,分析RA患者中RANKL和OPG水平的变化与RA患者骨密度、骨质疏松发生之间的相关性.结果 ①和正常组相比,RA组外周血OPG水矫飨越档停琑ANKL水平明显升高,OPG/RANKL比值明显降低(P<0.0001).②RA患者各测定部位的骨密度均明显低于正常组(P<0.0001),其骨质疏松症发生率为35.9%,明显高于正常组中的15.0%(P<0.0001).③RA患者外周血OPG水平与年龄呈负直线相关(P<0.0001),与各测定部位骨密度呈正直线相关(P<0.05～0.0001).RA患者外周血RANKL水平与年龄呈正直线相关(P<0.0001),与各测定部位骨密度呈负直线相关(P<0.05～0.0001).RA患者外周血OPG/RANKL水平与关节肿胀指数、关节压痛指数、HAQ积分呈正直线相关(P<0.05～0.001),与骨密度无相关(P>0.05).④Logistic Regression多元回归法分析显示:外周血RANKL水平为RA患者中骨质疏松发生的独立的、强烈的危险因素,OR=126.42,CI 95%:37.87～185.36.结论 RA患者外周血OPG水平明显降低,RANKL水平明显升高,它们的变化与骨密度密切相关.外周血RANKL水平升高为RA患者中骨质疏松发生的独立危险因素.     

OPG-RANKL-RANK系统对绝经后女性类风湿关节炎患者骨代谢的影响

目的探讨绝经女性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者外周血核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)、骨保护素(OPG)与炎症因子及骨代谢指标之间的相关性。方法收集绝经女性RA患者45例和健康对照组25例。采用双能X射线骨密度测量仪(DEXA)测骨密度,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定人外周血清RANKL、OPG、IL-6水平,并详细记录临床、实验室资料。两组间计量资料比较采用t检验,相关分析采用Pearson积差相关法。结果 1与健康对照组相比,绝经女性RA组的骨密度、OPG/RANKL低于对照组,RANKL、IL-6水平高于对照组(P0.05),OPG在两组间并无统计学差异(P0.05)。2绝经女性RA患者OP组较非OP组有更高的抗CCP抗体水平(P0.05),RANKL、OPG、DAS28评分等并无差异(P0.05)。3绝经女性RA患者外周血中RANKL与DAS28评分、PINP、β-CTX、IL-6正相关(r=0.357,0.381,0.370,0.330,P0.05),OPG与PINP、β-CTX、IL-6正相关(r=0.561,0.511,0.328,P0.05)。结论绝经女性RA患者RANKL水平与炎症因子IL-6的诱导密切相关,但作为动态变化指标,仅反映近期骨代谢状况,并不能反映长期骨密度的变化。     

抗MCV抗体与RANKL、OPG、TRACP-5b及RA疾病活动度的相关性研究

目的探索类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)患者抗突变型瓜氨酸波形蛋白(mutant citrulline vimentin,MCV)抗体与骨代谢标志物及疾病活动度之间的关系。方法收集119例RA患者临床资料和血清,检测抗MCV抗体及RANKL、OPG和TRACP-5b等骨代谢标志物,分析抗MCV抗体与骨代谢标志物之间的相关性,并探索抗MCV抗体与疾病活动是否有关联。结果 RA患者抗MCV抗体滴度与RANKL、TRACP-5b水平及RANKL/OPG均无显著相关性(P0.05),与OPG呈正相关但相关系数低(r=0.183,P0.05)。(2)抗MCV抗体与DAS28(r=0.376,P0.01)、ESR(r=0.440,P0.01)、RF-IgM(r=0.376,P0.01)呈正相关。结论抗MCV抗体与血清中骨代谢相关标志物TRACP-5b、RANKL、OPG、RANKL/OPG均无显著相关性,提示抗MCV抗体可能不直接通过影响骨代谢参与RA骨侵蚀进展。抗MCV抗体与疾病活动度呈正相关,提示它对RA病情评估可能有一定的价值。     

类风湿关节炎中骨髓水肿研究进展

骨髓水肿在类风湿关节炎(RA)患者的病变关节中普遍存在。骨髓水肿与RA患者的滑膜炎、软骨破坏、关节骨质破坏存在相关性。及时发现并治疗骨髓水肿可减轻RA患者病情、延缓关节破坏。目前,磁共振成像(MRI)检查仍为诊断骨髓水肿的金标准,基于MRI检查的OMERACT-RAMRIS评分系统应用于RA患者的关节病变评估,骨髓水肿可视为RA早期诊断的重要参考指标。该文就RA中骨髓水肿的研究进展进行综述。     

骨保护素在预测和治疗绝经后骨质疏松症中的应用

骨保护素(OPG)是近年骨科研究的重大进展,它通过OPG/核因子-κB受体活化因子(RANK)/RANK配体(RANKL)系统发挥抗骨质疏松作用,为防治绝经后骨质疏松症开辟了新途径.近年研究均表明,OPG作为骨转换始动因素之一,与骨密度及其他骨转换标志物相比具有更高的敏感性和特异性,因此血清OPG水平有望成为早期预测绝...     

掌指关节解剖学因素对早期类风湿性关节炎中滑膜炎和骨侵蚀分布的影响

类风湿性关节炎(RA)是一种以对称性增生性滑膜炎和骨侵蚀为特征的慢性全身性结缔组织疾病。传统认为,RA对关节及其邻近滑膜的损害与免疫因素和细胞破坏机制密切相关。该研究通过MRI成像技术对掌指关节滑膜炎和骨侵蚀的分布特点进行观察,发现掌指关节解剖学和生物力学等因素对早期RA中滑膜炎和骨侵蚀的分布有重要作用。选取33例临床诊断为早期RA伴掌指关节疾病的患者(男13例,女20例,平均年龄54岁)及28名     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血清骨保护素和核因子κB受体活化因子配体变化的研究

目的观察慢性乙型肝炎患者血清骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)水平的变化,探讨慢性肝病致骨质疏松的发病机制。方法随机选取300例慢性乙型肝炎患者作为试验组,其中95例不伴有肝硬化,205例伴肝硬化,根据Child-Pugh分级:A级69例,B级62例,C级74例,选取年龄、性别、身高、体重相匹配的100例健康志愿者作为对照组。血清OPG、RANKL应用ELISA方法检测,应用跟骨超声骨密度测定仪测定跟骨硬度指数(SI),对相关数据进行相应的统计学分析。结果各组患者OPG水平差异均具有统计学意义,对照组、不伴肝硬化组、肝硬化A组、肝硬化B组和肝硬化C组患者的血清OPG水平逐渐降低,RANKL值则逐渐升高(P<0.05)。对照组、不伴肝硬化组、肝硬化A组、肝硬化B组和肝硬化C组患者血清OPG/RANKL比值逐渐降低,对照组OPG/RANKL值较其余4组均显著升高(P<0.05)。慢性乙型肝炎组患者的跟骨SI与对照组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肝硬化A组、B组、C组患者SI值显著低于对照组SI(P<0.05)。结论 OPG、RANKL和OPG/RANKL系统可能参与慢性肝病相关性骨质疏松症的发病过程,慢性乙型肝炎患者可引起OPG、RANKL以及OPG/RANK的变化,上调破骨细胞,使得骨吸收大于骨形成,从而引发骨质疏松。     

RANK/RANKL/OPG系统在骨髓瘤骨病中的作用

多发性骨髓瘤骨病以进行性骨质破坏为主要特征,主要原因是破骨细胞大量生成和激活.核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)及其配体(RANKL)、骨保护蛋白(OPG)是调节破骨细胞功能和活性的关键性调节因子,在骨髓瘤引起的骨质破坏中发挥重要作用.研究表明骨髓瘤患者局部RANKL/OPG比例增高可能是引起骨吸收的关键因素.临床前研究表明使用重组OPG或RANK可以抑制破骨形成,减少骨吸收,改变骨髓微环境,预防骨髓瘤骨病的形成,间接抑制骨髓瘤的发展.     

鲑鱼降钙素对去卵巢大鼠骨髓细胞OPG、RANKL基因和蛋白表达的影响

[目的]观察鲑鱼降钙素(sCT)对去卵巢大鼠骨密度(BMD)、血清Ⅰ型胶原交联羧基末端肽(ICTP)变化的影响,以及骨髓细胞骨保护素(OPG)和核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)的基因表达和两者在胫骨骨骺端蛋白含量的变化.[方法]取3个月龄雌性SD大鼠24只,随机平均分3组:假手术组(Sham)、鲑鱼降钙素处理组(sCT)、安慰剂组(OVX).采用双侧卵巢切除术复制骨质疏松大鼠模型.术后2周CT组予鲑鱼降钙素皮下注射12周,应用双能X线吸收仪法(DXA)测BMD,ELISA法测量血清ICTP浓度,qRT-PCR法定量骨髓细胞OPG和RANKL的mRNA表达量,免疫组织化学染色法测定胫骨干骺端OPG和RANKL蛋白表达量.[结果]与OVX组比较,sCT组的腰椎BMD上升显著(P＜0.05),但股骨BMD改变不明显(P＞0.05);血清ICTP含量显著降低(P＜0.05);骨髓细胞RANKL的mRNA表达量变化不大(P＞0.05),但OPG的mRNA表达量升高(P＜0.05),OPG/RANKL的比率升高(P＜0.05);胫骨干骺端也呈现出RANKL蛋白改变不明显(P＞0.05),而OPG的蛋白分泌增加(P＜0.05),从而OPG/RANKL的比率高于OVX组(P＜0.05)的现象.[结论]降钙素可以预防腰椎BMD的丢失,降低血清ICTP水平,在体内可能主要通过上调OPG的mRNA表达和蛋白分泌,影响OPG/RANKL/RANK系统,影响破骨细胞功能,抑制骨吸收,进而达到预防绝经后骨质疏松的目的.     

牙体牙弓颌骨阻力中心及其临床意义

牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心在正畸矫治力系统中具有重要的意义,也是正畸学领域争论较多的一个问题。Dermaut等研究表明,当力作用于物体阻力中心时,物体将发生平动,否则将发生平动和转动的复合运动。目前,国内外多数学者认为牙体、牙弓及颌骨存在阻力中心,但其位置存在争议。本文就牙体、牙弓及颌骨的阻力中心及其临床意义作一综述。     

Hazards and complications of endoscopic transurethral ureterolithotripsy and lithoextraction and means of prevention

Complications related to ureterolithotomy and ultrasonic ureterolithotripsy performed under the control of visual endoscope were analyzed in 86 ureterolithiasis patients, methods of their prevention discussed. All the aforementioned complications were distributed into three groups: inapplicability of surgery due to anatomic and functional defects of lower and upper urinary tracts, intraoperative, and postoperative complications. The commonest ones were ureteral abruption and perforation, acute pyelonephritis, temporary vesicoureteral reflux. Their control measures were considered as relative methods of treatment: immediate surgical intervention in case of ureteral abruption, renal catheterization in patients with insignificant ureteral perforation or acute pyelonephritis. Adequate ureteroscopy, careful consideration of pro- and contraindications, catheterization of renal pelvis and urinary bladder performed within 2-3 days after the surgery and adequate antibacterial therapy are the most decisive steps in the control of aforementioned complications.     

Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep

AIMS: To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation. RESULTS: All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued. CONCLUSIONS: Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.     

Characterisation and differentiation of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas - presence and expression of collagen types I and II

AIM: Chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas are rare benign skeletal neoplasms with reported overlapping histology. Aim of this study was to analyse the biochemical composition of the matrix of these tumour entities in order to further characterise the cellular phenotypes of these neoplasms using typical cell biological marker genes. METHODS: The matrix compositions of chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfibromas were analyzed by HE-histology, histochemistry, and immunolocalization techniques. Cellular gene expression patterns were detected by mRNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Chondroblastomas are rich in collagen type I and show foci of an osteoid-like matrix, whereas collagen type II as a typical marker of chondrocytic differentiation was not detected in any of the specimens. Chondromyxoidfiibromas had foci of chondroid appearance with chondroblastic cellular differentiation characterised by collagen type II expression. CONCLUSION: These results characterise chondroblastomas and chondromyxoidfiibromas as skeletal neoplasms that have a different biology and which can be distinguished by matrix protein expression products: collagen type II, the typical marker of chondroblast differentiation, could only be detected in chondromyxoidfibromas, but not in chondroblastomas. Thus, both neoplasms are clearly different on the cell biological level.