脊髓型颈椎病24例手术治疗体会

目的 探讨治疗脊髓型颈椎病的手术方式和早期疗效。方法 24例脊髓型颈椎病患者，前路减压及椎间植骨融合颈前路钢板内固定术16例，后路单开门成形术7例，前后路同时进行1例。结果 术后进行7～18个月（平均10个月）随访。术后症状明显缓解，脊髓功能明显改善者20例，占83．3％。术后6个月植骨融合率100％。结论 对脊髓型颈椎病，前路及后路手术各有其适应证，应根据临床表现、体征、影像学特征早期诊断和尽早手术，彻底减压，维持正常椎间隙高度，以取得较好治疗效果。     

颈前路减压植骨钛板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路减压自体骨植骨钛板内固定手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效及其相关影响因素。方法2003年10月至2007年1月共收治脊髓型颈椎病29例,采用颈前路减压、自体髂骨植骨及AO钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病。结果所有病人均获得随访,平均随访时间13个月．按JOA评分评定手术效果,术前评分平均为9．2分,术后评分平均为14．6分,本组优16例、良10例、可3例,优良率达90％。结论颈前路减压植骨钛板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效可靠,安全性高。     

后伸位MRI对脊髓型颈椎病早期诊断与治疗的价值

[目的]证实后伸位颈椎MRI对脊髓型颈椎病早期诊断的价值及初步探讨对动态受压的脊髓型颈椎病患者行综合保守治疗的效果.[方法]统计有脊髓型颈椎病的早期临床症状,但经常规的中立位颈椎MRI检查,没有颈脊髓受压表现的患者31例,在常规颈椎中立位MRI的基础上,加行颈椎后伸位MRI检查,测量颈脊髓与硬膜囊矢状径比值,并根据结果进行分组,如后伸位MRI上有颈脊髓受压表现,就将这类患者随机分为A、B两组,若无受压则为C组,对A组行综合保守治疗,B、C组不予任何治疗,随诊观察2年,比较各组JOA评分的变化.[结果] 31例患者中有25例在后伸位MRI上出现了颈脊髓受压的表现;A组有13例患者,两年后JOA评分较入组时明显上升,且有显著性差异(P＜0.05).B组有12例患者,2年后JOA评分下降,较入组时也有显著性差异(P＜0.05).C组为6例,两年后JOA评分无明显波动,也无显著性差异.[结论]后伸位颈椎MRI是常规中立位颈椎MRI的一个重要补充,它可以早期诊断脊髓型颈椎病;对于动态受压的脊髓型颈椎病患者,早期的的综合保守治疗有效.     

颈椎前路内固定术后并发颈前部血肿的原因分析及其治疗策略

目的探讨颈椎前路内固定术后早期并发颈前部血肿的原因及其治疗策略。方法回顾性分析自2008-01—2015-12颈椎前路内固定术后并发颈部血肿5例(脊髓型颈椎病2例,神经根型颈椎病2例,颈椎骨折1例),均于全身麻醉下行颈前部术口探查及血肿清除术。结果 5例获得随访15~75个月,平均34.6个月。末次随访时,颈椎骨折患者ASIA分级由C级恢复到E级,2例脊髓型颈椎病患者JOA评分提高到术后14.5分及15分,2例神经根型颈椎病患者VAS评分降低至术后2.5分及2分。颈椎前路手术效果显著,血肿清除术未影响手术疗效。结论颈椎前路内固定术后早期并发颈前部血肿可压迫气道引起呼吸困难,甚至危及生命,及时行术口探查血肿清除术至关重要。颈椎前路内固定术中仔细轻柔操作、缝合切口前确保无活动性出血是预防颈前部血肿形成的关键。     

脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的前路手术治疗

[目的]观察颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效.[方法]2005年8月～2010年2月,158例脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病患者实施颈椎前路椎间隙减压自体髂骨植骨、椎体次全切减压钛网植入及椎间隙Cage植入钢板内固定术,158例患者全部获得随访,随访时间平均11.3个月.[结果]采用JOA评分评定临床效果,JOA评分13～16分,平均13.6分,其中优135例,良23例.植骨在3～6个月内融合,无骨不连及假关节形成.全组病例无1例神经症状加重、高热、应急性溃疡等并发症.[结论]颈椎前路减压融合内固定术治疗脊髓型及神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效满意,是较好的手术方式.甲基强的松龙在压迫较重的颈椎病前路手术中能够很好地保护脊髓功能.     

脊髓型颈椎病36例前路手术治疗总结

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病患者实施前路减压植骨融合内固定术的临床疗效。方法对2007年3月～2010年6月,在笔者所在医院行颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术的36例脊髓型颈椎病患者的临床资料及随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果本组36例患者均获得随访。平均改善率为（92.6±3.1）%,其中优30例,良6例。结论颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效满意、安全。     

脊髓型颈椎病误诊误治的临床分析

目的：通过对13例误诊误治患者的临床分析,明确对脊髓型颈椎病的诊治原则。方法：讨论13例误诊误治患者原因。结果：误诊误治患者的原因均属对脊髓型颈椎病的概念含混,对其治疗原则模糊。结论：治疗脊髓型颈椎病首先要重视脊髓型颈椎病的诊断,严格手术指征。     

人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的近期疗效

目的探讨Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的近期疗效。方法应用Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗26例脊髓型颈椎病患者,在术前及末次随访时的颈椎X线片上测量置换节段矢状位、冠状位活动度。应用JOA评分评价术后神经功能。结果术后患者症状均明显缓解。26例均获随访,时间29~48个月。末次随访JOA评分由术前平均8.3分±4.6分增加到16.1分±5.3分,置换节段矢状位活动范围4.3°~7.2°(5.6°±2.4°);冠状位左右侧屈活动范围分别为3.1°~4.3°(3.8°±1.1°)和3.1°~4.6°(3.9°±0.9°)。随访期间假体无偏移松动或下沉,无置换节段假体周围异位骨化。结论 Bryan人工颈椎间盘置换术治疗脊髓型颈椎病近期临床效果较好,维持颈椎正常的活动范围、生理曲度和较好的生物力学稳定性。     

脊髓型颈椎病自然史规律研究

目的了解脊髓型颈椎病的发病规律,评价自然史在早期诊断和治疗中的意义.方法综合分析1 263例脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者的自然史,将其演变方式归纳为5型,Ⅰ～Ⅳ型为起病轻者,其中Ⅱ～Ⅳ型无论是否经过稳定期,最后均出现恶化,Ⅰ型长期保持稳定,随访期内无恶化倾向或结果,Ⅴ型为突然严重起病,无法缓解者.结果Ⅰ型137例(10.88%),Ⅱ型534例(42.31%),Ⅲ型96例(7.57%),Ⅳ型407例(32.24%),Ⅴ型89例(7.05%).结论脊髓型颈椎病仅少数长期处于良性稳定状态,该病多数呈相对恶性的发展趋势,其发展结果将造成更加严重的脊髓损害.下肢麻木、行走缓慢、步态异常、手臂麻木、精细动作障碍等可作为早期诊断的参考要点.     

一期前后路联合手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的观察一期前后路联合手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法自2006年1月至2011年8月收治的25例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者,其中男16例,女9例;年龄57—68岁,平均年龄62岁。所有患者行一期前后路联合手术治疗。根据术前、术后JOA评分及神经功能改善率,观察该术式的临床疗效。结果25例患者经过1年以上的随访,JOA由术前（7．0±0．26）分到术后1年（15．4±0．24）分,改善率为84％。结论一期前后路联合手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效满意,是较理想的手术方法。     

Evaluation of pain as a preference-based health status measure in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy undergoing central corpectomy

Background  

Assessment of pain in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) before and after decompressive surgery has not been adequately addressed in the literature. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the intensity of various pain scores in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) before and after surgery, and to assess their correlation with other outcome measures.     

脊髓型颈椎病中西医结合诊疗专家共识

脊髓型颈椎病是最严重的颈椎病亚型,具有临床症状重、致残率高、预后不理想等特点。中医和西医在脊髓型颈椎病不同阶段的诊疗各具有自身优势,为进一步规范脊髓型颈椎病的临床诊疗,提高临床疗效,基于前期研究经验,以循证医学证据为依据,经过全国专家组反复讨论,编制该中西医结合诊疗专家共识。本共识从脊髓型颈椎病的定义、病因病机、发病机制、诊断要点、治疗原则、中西医结合治疗、术后康复和护理调养等方面进行了全面介绍,以供临床医师参考。     

Effects of surgery on cervical spondylotic myelopathy

Summary The results of surgery for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) were assessed 3 months (early results) and 2–8 years (late results) postoperatively in 99 patients.Extensive laminectomy as well as anterior decompression and fusion, or the two procedures at staged intervals, were used.Immediate postoperative deterioration was never seen after laminectomy performed under local anaesthesis (84 patients), while transient deterioration occurred after anterior surgery in 2 of 28 patients.Cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) was found in 73% of the patients. Operative treatment for CSM also improved root symptoms, anterior surgery to a larger extent than posterior decompression. Only 10% of the patients treated with extensive laminectomy needed a second anterior operation for radiculopathy.The progression of myelopathy was arrested in 95% of the patients after surgery. Improvement was obtained in 80% both in the early and late follow-up review when compared to the preoperative functional status. The evaluation disclosed a tendency of rapid improvement during the first 3 months, subsequently followed by slow improvement in 50% and slight deterioration in 15% of the patients.The degree of improvement was in many patients not sufficient to raise the functional capability to a higher level in the employed grading system. In our opinion it is therefore important to operate patients with CSM as early as possible before neurological deficits are too pronounced.     

脊髓型颈椎病患者的行走功能

目的:研究脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)患者的行走功能及术后近期改善情况。方法:对103例CSM患者进行行走试验,并对病程、起病症状、脊髓功能评分进行分析,观察手术前、后的行走功能改变。结果:病程大于6个月、脊髓功能评分低的患者下肢行走功能差,手术后改善程度较小。起病时无下肢乏力的患者也存在下肢行走功能障碍。结论:下肢行走功能障碍是CSM患者的早期临床表现,手术后近期可获改善。下肢行走功能可作为CSM严重程度的早期评价指标之一。     

脊髓型颈椎病早期诊断的前瞻性研究

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病（ＣＳＭ）早期诊断的可能性,筛选预示ＣＳＭ发作的临床、影像学及电生理指标。方法根据ＣＳＭ常见特征,选择２９项与ＣＳＭ发病有关的指标并据此建立研究对象的入选标准。对８１例符合预选指标的患者进行２～６５年（平均３７年）的随访追踪观察。手术组与非手术组的各项指标行对照研究。结果有上肢疼痛、感觉异常、肢体动作灵活性丧失、动态Ｈｏｆｍａｎｎ征阳性、发育性椎管狭窄、颈椎不稳、颈椎间盘突出、中枢运动传导时间延迟等１３项指标与ＣＳＭ发病密切相关。２９例演变为ＣＳＭ并行早期手术处理,术后疗效良好。结论通过对有临床可疑指标者密切观察和随访,颈椎病的早期诊断是可能的;对其中出现神经损害征象者,宜及早手术以避免对神经功能产生不可逆性损害;早期手术有望获得良好疗效     

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and radiculopathy treated by oblique corpectomies without fusion

Oblique corpectomy (OC) is an alternative technique for the resection of spondylotic spurs ventral to the cervical spinal cord contributing to cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). To evaluate the efficacy of OC for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myeloradiculopathy, we reviewed our experience with OC. Twenty-six patients, 18 males and 8 females, were studied. They averaged 51.3 years of age (range 30-72), Thirteen had myelopathy and 13, radiculopathy. Both magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) were performed preoperatively to define the extent of pathology. The Modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was used to grade the quality of the outcome. Neurologic and radiologic results were assessed. Good and excellent results were observed in 76.9% of the cases with myelopathy. Improvement of radicular symptoms was noted in 84.6% of the cases with radiculopathy. Neuroimaging studies confirmed satisfactory anatomical decompression in all patients. Sagittal alignment decreased from 13 degrees to 12 degrees. The degree of postoperative recovery seemed to be directly related to the age and severity of the preoperative myelopathy. This surgical technique has shown excellent clinical outcomes with fast recovery and adequate anatomical decompression in patients with CSM and CSR.     

Reliability and validity of multi-shot DWI in diagnosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a study based on 3-T MRI

European Spine Journal - To investigate whether multi-shot diffusion-weighted imaging (ms-DWI) could be applied in diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM)....     

高位颈段脊髓型颈椎病的诊断与外科治疗

目的：观察高位颈段脊髓型颈椎病的临床表现特点，评价外科干预最终疗效。方法：本报告59例高位脊髓型预椎病。并均行手术治疗。结果：术后平均随访1年7个月，疗效根据日本矫形学会（JOA）评分分级法，优38例，良8例，改进4例，无效3例，加重1例。结论：高位脊髓型颈椎病神经系统障碍表现严重，但神经系统定位体征不十分明显。因此，准确诊断早期减压是提高疗效的主要措施。     

脊髓型颈椎病术前脊髓MRI T2高信号的临床意义

目的探讨术前脊髓MRI T2高信号与行颈前路减压术的脊髓型颈椎病（CSM）临床特征的关系。方法将48例行颈前路减压术及MRI检查的CSM患者,按术前MRI T2信号分为3组：等T1/等T2信号为A组（21例）,等T1/长T2信号为B组（22例）,长T1/长T2信号为C组（5例）。记录患者年龄、病程、术前JOA、随访术后JOA评分及改善率。结果术前JOA、术后JOA评分及改善率的比较：A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,A组与C组、B组与C组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 CSM伴有长T1/长T2信号者术前JOA、术后JOA及恢复率较差,伴有等T1/等T2、等T1/长T2信号的术前JOA、术后JOA评分及恢复率较好。长T1/长T2信号改变可以作为CSM术后恢复较差的预后指标。