以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉为血管蒂的桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉(1,2 ICSRA)为血管蒂的桡骨瓣带蒂逆行转移治疗舟骨骨不连的手术指征、技术和疗效.方法 2007年2月至2010年10月,我科对15例舟骨骨不连患者,应用以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣远端蒂转移植骨内固定进行治疗.其中腰部骨不连9例,近端骨不连6例.9例伴有近端骨折块缺血性坏死;3例伴有舟状骨弓背畸形及嵌入体背伸不稳(DISI);2例伴有桡骨茎突关节炎表现.所有病例均采用腕桡侧纵形切口,13例予以交叉克氏针内固定,2例行单枚Herbert螺钉附加1枚克氏针固定.12例将带血管蒂植骨块从舟骨背侧嵌插植入,3例将植骨块楔形修整后自舟骨掌侧植入.术后随访骨折愈合时间、腕痛、腕关节活动度及握力等情况.结果 术后随访时间为6～ 21个月,平均13个月,2例失访.所有随访病例X线片显示舟骨均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为14.2周.所有患者腕痛消失,腕关节屈曲(59.92±4.82)°,背伸(49.73±4.58)°.根据改良的Mayo腕关节功能评分标准评定:优9例,良2例,可2例;优良率为84.6％.结论 以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣逆行转移植骨手术,能促进舟骨骨不连的愈合,特别对有近端骨块缺血性坏死的患者疗效显著.     

1，2伸肌室间支持带上动脉为蒂骨瓣移植治疗舟骨骨折不愈合

目的探讨1,2伸肌室间支持带上动脉（1,2 intracompartmental supraretinacular artery 1,2 ICSRA）的解剖特点及治疗舟骨骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法2008年7月-2010年9月共收治确诊的舟骨骨折不愈合患者11例,均采用逆行的1,2ICSRA为蒂骨瓣植入术结合Herbert螺钉内固定进行治疗,观察患者的骨折愈合情况及并发症,并以DASH评分对腕关节功能进行评价。结果所有患者均获6～33个月随访,平均17个月。11例患者均获骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间为9～14周。平均12周。术后6个月DASH评分平均为6．5分,腕关节功能接近正常。结论慎重的选择适应证,熟悉相关解剖知识,仔细的手术操作,采用逆行的1,2ICSRA为蒂骨瓣植入术结合Herbeft螺钉内固定治疗舟骨骨折不愈合可取得满意的临床疗效。     

带第一、二伸肌室间支持带上动脉的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合

目的 观察采用带第一、二伸肌室间支持带上动脉(the 1st,2nd intercompartmental supra-retinacular artery,1,2-ICSRA)的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2014年11月至2016年4月于湖北医药学院附属人民医院骨关节外科采用带1,2-ICSRA血管蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的17例病人的临床资料,对比其手术前后的改良Mayo腕关节评分和疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分.结果 17例病人的平均随访时间为6.3个月(3.5～12.0个月).无周围血管、神经、肌腱损伤或一过性感觉神经失用等并发症发生,带1,2-ICSRA的桡骨茎突骨瓣无松动及脱落;术后6个月骨折均愈合.术前及末次随访时的Mayo腕关节评分分别为(63.13±5.38)分、(86.38±3.25)分,VAS评分分别为(3.04±1.04)分、(1.04±0.69)分,差异均有统计学意义(t=-18.125,P=0.000;t=7.841,P=0.000);按Mayo腕关节评分:优10例,良6例,可1例,差0例,优良率为94.12％.结论 采用带1,2-ICSRA的桡骨茎突骨瓣植骨结合Herbert钉固定治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合可取得良好的临床效果.     

带第1,2伸肌室间支持带上动脉蒂桡骨瓣治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效手术方法。方法 对12侧新鲜成人上肢标本进行应用解剖研究后，设计出带第1，2伸肌室间支持带上动脉蒂桡骨瓣逆行移植的手术方法。自1997年以来，临床应用该方法治疗23例腕舟骨骨不连。结果 术后全部患者获得随访，随访时间为6个月～3年，骨性愈合率达100％，愈合时间为3～7个月，腕关节功能优良率达95．7％。结论 该术式操作简单、创伤小、疗效满意，为治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效手术方法。     

改良第1、2间室伸肌支持带上动脉骨瓣联合Herbert钉治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨以改良第1,2间室伸肌支持带上动脉(the 1th,2nd intercompartmental supraretinacular artery,1,2 ICSRA)为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移联合Herbert钉治疗舟骨骨不连的技术和疗效.方法 对12例舟骨骨不连患者,设计并应用改良1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移联合Herbert钉进行治疗,采用腕背侧单一切口同时完成骨折内固定和骨瓣转移.结果 术后随访时间为6～28个月,平均14个月.X线片显示舟骨骨折均获得骨性愈合,愈合率为100%,平均愈合时间为3.2个月.9例患者腕痛消失,活动正常,对手术效果满意,2例患者感活动时轻微疼痛,1例患者用力时有不适感.术前患手平均握力为10.3kg,术后患手平均握力是35.8kg,对侧正常手平均是37.6kg,术后握力相当于对侧93.3%,为术前的3.4倍.根据Cooney腕关节评分表,优10例,良2例,优良率100%.结论 改良1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移联合Herbert钉能促进舟骨愈合,有利于腕部生理功能的重建,是治疗舟骨骨不连的有效方法.     

带蒂骨瓣转移治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的：报告采用带蒂骨瓣转移治疗腕舟骨骨不连的疗效。方法：1995－2000年，对48例腕舟骨骨不愈合，采用带血管蒂、筋膜蒂及肌蒂移位治疗。石膏固定3个月，去石膏后辅以康复治疗。结果：随访7个月－5年，术后46例达骨性愈合，腕部疼痛、无力症状减轻或消失。功能按刘树清评定标准，优良率为95．8％。结论：带蒂骨瓣成骨作用强，能促进骨折愈合，适用于腕舟骨骨不连的治疗，是一种有效的治疗方法。     

带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的：总结带血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连的疗效。方法：以带桡动脉茎突返支桡骨瓣移植治疗3例,桡骨远端背外侧带血管蒂的骨瓣移植4例,带第2掌背动脉掌骨基底骨瓣移植1例。通过平均10个月的随访,观察骨折愈合和腕关节功能改善情况。结果：骨折全部愈合。腕关节功能评价：优6例,良1例,可1例。结论：该手术疗效较好,操作简单,副损伤小,是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效方法之一。     

带骨间前动脉蒂的桡骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连骨坏死

目的探讨治疗腕舟骨骨不连骨坏死的手术方法.方法对13例腕舟骨骨不连、骨坏死的病人,采用以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的桡骨瓣逆行移植的手术方法治疗.结果术后临床随访3～28个月,腕部肿胀疼痛及无力症状均消失.13例在3～7个月内,X线片示骨折已全部骨性愈合及骨密度趋向正常.结论以骨间前动脉背侧支为蒂的桡骨瓣逆行移植治疗腕舟骨骨不连骨坏死,具有血管解剖恒定、手术操作简单,术后疗效确切的优点,是值得推广的一种手术方法.     

带筋膜蒂骨瓣转移治疗腕舟骨骨不连分析

目的：探讨治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连的手术方法。方法：对16例腕舟骨陈旧性骨折骨不连采用带筋膜蒂逆行桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗的手术方法。结果：术后随访6－24个月，腕部疼痛及无力症状均消失，术后2－3月X线片示骨折均骨折愈合。结论：带筋膜蒂的桡骨茎突骨瓣移植治疗舟骨骨不连，操作简单，促进骨折愈率效果好。     

游离膝降血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 观察游离膝降血管蒂骨瓣移植对舟骨骨折不连接的治疗作用.方法 2007年1月至2009年8月,对6例舟骨骨不连,应用游离膝降血管蒂骨瓣移植治疗.疗效的评定包括骨折愈合、疼痛、握力和腕关节活动度,运用改良Mayo腕关节评分对患者的自觉功能恢复情况进行评定,术后舟骨的血供采用彩色多普勒超声检查.结果 术后随访时间平均为18个月,6例舟骨骨不连均愈合,平均时间为12周(11 ～ 16周);采用视觉模拟评分法,平均评分为1.0(0～2.2);术后握力平均恢复至健侧的85％;腕关节活动度:屈伸(115±10)°,尺桡偏(54±14)°;腕关节评分:优4例,良1例,可1例.彩色多普勒超声证实舟骨血供良好.结论 游离膝降血管蒂骨瓣移植是治疗植骨失败或伴近极缺血坏死的舟骨骨不连的有效方法.     

Changing concepts in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion: vascularized bone graft based on the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery

Scaphoid fractures are a common injury encountered by hand surgeons. Fracture union can generally be achieved with cast immobilization or open reduction and internal fixation. Occasionally, these fractures fail to heal despite proper treatment or a nonunion may result from an unrecognized fracture. Traditionally, scaphoid nonunions have been treated with autologous bone grafts from the iliac crest; however, if the proximal pole is poorly vascularized, union may be difficult to achieved. Vascularized bone grafts are an alternate technique for difficult scaphoid nonunions, particularly those with avascular necrosis of the proximal segment. A graft from the distal radius based on the 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery is an excellent option for scaphoid nonunions. This article describes the anatomy of the 1,2-ICSRA and the surgical technique of harvesting a graft based on this pedicle. Vascularized bone grafts represent a changing concept in the treatment of scaphoid nonunions and provide a powerful tool for a difficult problem. The indications for this procedure continue to increase.     

Treatment of scaphoid nonunion with 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery vascularized graft and compression screw fixation

PurposeAim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of 1,2-intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1.2-ICSRA) vascularized graft technique together with compression screw fixation for the management of scaphoid nonunions.MethodsA retrospective study was designed to evaluate the medical records of the 21 patients treated with 1,2-ICSRA vascularized graft for established scaphoid nonunion of the waist or proximal pole between 2015 and 2018. Seventeen patients who met the criteria were included in the study. The retrospectively analysed demographic parameters included age, gender, injured hand (dominant/non-dominant), aetiology of the injury, delay between injury and operation, initial treatments following the fracture, tobacco use, and background diseases that may affect healing (diabetes, vasculopathy etc.). Radiological and clinical examinations were routinely performed 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery and during the final follow-up. Postoperative clinical and functional outcomes at the latest follow-up were evaluated by measuring active wrist range of motion, grip strength, Turkish version of Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnare (Quick DASH) and Mayo Wrist scores and comparing them with preoperative values.ResultsAll 17 patients were male with an average age of 26.82 ± 4.08 years (range 20–35 years). The fracture site was located in the scaphoid waist and proximal pole in 5 (29.4%) and 12 (70.6%) patients, respectively. Avascular necrosis was observed in 13 patients (2 at the waist, 11 at the proximal pole). The mean follow-up duration was 18.88 ± 11.98 months (range 6–44 months). No graft extrusion occurred, and no other complication was observed in any of the patients. Amongst the 17 patients, 15 (88.2%) achieved union. The total wrist motions of patients were better postoperatively than preoperatively. However, only improvement in wrist extension was found to be statistically significant. Quick DASH and Mayo Wrist scores of the patients and grip strength were significantly improved postoperatively.ConclusionThe 1,2-ICSRA vascularized graft technique together with compression screw fixation offers an easy and reliable option for the treatment of scaphoid nonunions with a high union rate and good functional and clinical outcomes.Level of Evidence : IV Therapautic     

Use of the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery as a vascularized pedicle bone graft for difficult scaphoid nonunion

Fourteen patients with established scaphoid nonunion were treated with vascularized pedicle bone grafting. All nonunions healed at a mean of 11.1 weeks (range, 8-16 weeks). Wrist motion was minimally affected by surgery. Intercarpal and scaphoid angles were improved after surgery, particularly in patients with preoperative humpback deformity who had previous interposition grafting. Outcome, based on a self-assessment questionnaire administered at a mean 30 months of follow-up (range, 19-53 months), showed 2 excellent, 7 good, 4 fair, and 1 poor result. Three patients showed progressive radioscaphoid arthrosis. Vascularized bone grafts are indicated in proximal pole fracture nonunions, in the presence of avascular necrosis, and after conventional grafts. Radiocarpal arthritis, if present before surgery, is a poor prognostic sign.     

The detailed anatomy of the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery for vascularized bone grafting of scaphoid nonunions

PURPOSE: To describe the configuration of the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1,2 ICSRA), including the location of the perforators, and to discuss the clinical use of the 1,2 ICSRA for vascularized bone grafting of scaphoid nonunions. METHODS: Thirteen fresh-frozen cadaveric forearms were used to evaluate the variations in the anatomy of the 1,2 ICSRA. After injection of red latex, the 1,2 ICSRA and its perforators were characterized and measured. Pedicle length and distal reach of the transposed 1,2 ICSRA pedicle was evaluated. We noted the relationship of the 1,2 ICSRA to the dorsal scaphoid branch of the radial artery. Another 10 specimens were injected, frozen, and sectioned to evaluate vascular penetration into the dorsal distal radius. RESULTS: The 1,2 ICSRA branched from the radial artery 1.9 mm proximal to the tip of the radial styloid (range -6.3-3.2 mm), on average. The average pedicle length was 22.5 mm (range 15-31 mm), which permits its application for both dorsal and volar scaphoid. The relationship between the origin of the 1,2 ICSRA and the dorsal scaphoid branch was categorized into 3 types, including--separate, combined, and shared. The average number of perforating vessels arising from the pedicle was 5.5 (range 3-7), with an average of 2.75 (range 1-7) perforators overlying a 1 by 0.5 cm block of the distal radius bone graft. A graft located between 8-18 mm proximal to the articular surface of distal radius would incorporate the greatest numbers of perforators. The most notable vascular penetration of the distal radius was demonstrated at 10.0 mm proximal to the radial styloid. CONCLUSIONS: The detailed anatomy of the 1,2 ICSRA presented in this study may guide in planning and dissection to maximize the vascularity of a pedicled bone graft based on this vessel for the management of scaphoid nonunions.     

桡动脉腕掌侧分支蒂骨瓣移位治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的探讨桡动脉腕掌侧分支蒂骨瓣的血管解剖及其治疗腕舟骨骨不连的临床疗效。方法对20侧新鲜成人上肢标本进行显微血管解剖，观测桡动脉远段腕掌侧的骨营养分支。以桡动脉腕掌支蒂桡骨瓣（8例）和桡动脉最远端茎突支蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣（10例）治疗腕舟骨骨不连患者，男14例，女4例；年龄19-42岁，平均28．6岁。结果桡动脉远段恒定发出尺侧的腕掌支和桡侧的茎突支，血管蒂长度分别为1．28（1．10～1．40）cm和0．76（0．70-0．82）cm，起点外径分别为0．46（0．40-0．50）mm和0．28（0．26-0．32）mm，分别滋养桡骨远端尺掌侧骨膜和桡骨茎突掌侧骨膜。临床患者术后随访7-38个月。平均15个月。骨折愈合时间11-3周。腕关节活动范围：掌屈50.3°±4．0°，达健侧83．8％；背伸46．5°±5．4°，达健侧78．2％；桡偏16．9°±2．7°，达健侧75.2％；尺偏20．4°±4．0°，达健侧63．8％。1例患者腕关节在较大负重时中度疼痛。腕部握力（25．8±3．0）kg，达健侧87．9％±6．7％。X线片示1例患者发生腕骨性关节炎。Coony评分总体疗效：优15例，良2例，可1例，优良率为94．4％。结论桡动脉腕掌侧分支蒂骨瓣具有血管解剖恒定、血管蒂较长、血运丰富、手术切取方便、术后疗效好等优点，是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的理想方法。     

Scaphoid nonunion: treatment with a pedicled vascularized bone graft based on the 1,2 intercompartmental supraretinacular branch of the radial artery

Pedicled vascularized bone grafts (Zaidemberg's technique) were used to treat 22 established scaphoid fracture nonunions, 16 of which were found to have avascular proximal poles at surgery. After a follow-up of 1-3 years, only six (27%) of the 22 fracture nonunions had united. Only two of the 16 nonunions with avascular proximal poles united, compared with four of the six nonunions with vascular proximal poles. We conclude that this technique of pedicled vascularized bone grafting may not improve the union rate for scaphoid fracture nonunions with avascular proximal pole fragments.     

自体松质骨加骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不连的临床研究

目的观察自体松质骨加骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不连及近端坏死型腕舟骨骨折的临床效果。方法随机选择14例陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不连患者，搔刮舟骨远、近两端死骨，保留皮质骨壳，取自体松质骨（桡骨远端或髂骨）移植至舟骨远、近两端，舟骨复位后交叉克氏针固定。髂骨内抽取自体红骨髓5ml，快速、加压注入舟骨骨折部位。术后6周开始，每周拍摄计算机X线片（CR-X）一次，至骨折愈合，并记录骨折愈合及恢复工作时间。结果术后随访10周～5年，14例陈旧性腕舟骨全部愈合，骨折愈合时间为8～12周，平均9．3周。13例腕关节活动度达到健侧腕部标准，活动时无疼痛，恢复了原来工作；1例较术前有改善，但腕关节活动未达健侧标准，且活动时疼痛。结论自体松质骨加自体骨髓移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折不连，较传统治疗方法，缩短了骨折愈合时间，提高了治愈率，保留了原解剖结构和生物力学特性，是一种有效的治疗方法。