腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的 观察腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果.方法 104例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者照随机分为联合治疗组和对照组（各52例）,联合治疗组采用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗,对照组采用传统开腹手术.观察两组患者的手术情况、效果及并发症发生率.结果 联合治疗组术中出血量、住院时间及住院费用均少于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;联合治疗组中2例患者因结石嵌顿转为开腹手术,取石成功率96.2％,对照组有1例因结石散落、嵌顿无法取出,取石成功率98.1％,两组患者取石成功率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;联合治疗组无术后胆汁漏、切口裂开、出血和结石残留等并发症,对照组术后出现1例出血,1例结石残留.结论 腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石具有创伤小、疗效佳、并发症少等优点.     

腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的体会

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的手术方式及年龄的关系。方法利用腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜,碎石网篮来治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石。结果207例术前诊断胆总管结石先行十二指肠乳头切开取石再行LC;23例LC术后发现胆总管结石行EST。全部病例治愈。无严重并发症。结论胆囊结石合并胆总管结石先行十二指肠乳头切开取石再行LC,具有明显的优势,无明显年龄限制。     

老年人胆囊结石并胆总管结石的腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗

目的:探讨老年人胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜的微创治疗效果。方法:对20例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石,经逆行胰胆道造影(ERCP);行oddi's括约肌切开(EST)取石;鼻胆管引流术。于术后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)。并观察其治疗效果。结果:十二指肠镜下胆总管结石取石成功率95％(19/20),LC成功率100％(19/19),住院日3-12d,无住院死亡,无胆瘘、腹腔脓肿、重症胰腺炎及结石残留等并发症出现。结论:腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗老年人胆囊结石并胆总管结石是一种安全有效、微创的治疗方法。     

腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的效果和安全性。方法1998年5月～2008年7月,应用内镜下十二指肠乳头切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）与腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）联合成功治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石459例。首先行ERCP,证实胆总管结石后行EST,网篮或气囊导管取石,必要时放置鼻胆管引流,血、尿淀粉酶正常,无发热、腹痛后l～5天内在全麻下行LC。结果成功完成内镜胆管取石及LC共438例,成功率95.4%;19例内镜取石未成功而行开腹手术;2例因无法耐受改为保守治疗。术后并发高淀粉酶血症73例,轻型胰腺炎32例,上消化道出血4例。252例术后随访3～6个月,无逆行胆管炎、EST后乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜十二指肠镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可行,创伤小。     

三镜联合在治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石中的应用

目的 总结十二指肠镜联合腹腔镜及胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的经验.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月~2012年12月应用三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石56例的临床资料.胆囊结石均多发,直径0.6~3.5 cm.胆总管结石1~3枚,直径0.5~2.6 cm.先行内镜乳头括约肌切开术（endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST）取尽结石,2~3天行LC.如EST取石失败,立即改行LC联合腹腔镜胆总管探查术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE）.结果 56例手术均获得成功,其中行EST联合LC 37例,LC联合LCBDE 19例（经胆囊管探查取石8例,经胆总管探查取石并置T管引流11例）.无中转开腹及严重并发症发生.随访6~12个月,无结石复发.结论 三镜联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全可靠,创伤小,恢复快,可作为首选方式.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石67例临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的手术方法及其临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2012年6月期间笔者所在医院收治并行腹腔镜胆总管探查联合胆道镜治疗的67例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料。结果 67例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者中,6例经胆囊管探查取石并行胆囊管一期结扎,15例行胆总管探查取石并行胆总管一期缝合,46例行胆总管探查取石后经T管引流。所有患者的手术均获成功,无中转开腹,无术后大出血及手术死亡。手术时间为（120±30）min（90～150 min）,术中失血量为（30±10）mL（20～40 mL）,平均住院时间为8.3 d（7～14 d）。术后3例患者发生轻度漏胆,经引流后痊愈;4例发生切口感染,经引流并给予抗生素治疗后治愈;1例发生术后早期炎性肠梗阻,经胃肠减压、灌肠、给予生长抑素加地塞米松等保守治疗后痊愈。术后所有患者均获访,随访时间为1个月～3年,平均随访时间为2.1年。随访期间,均无胆道感染和胆管狭窄发生,无结石复发。结论腹腔镜胆总管探查联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石安全有效。     

腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石53例分析

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石的可行性及安全性。方法：回顾分析2009年12月至2012年8月为53例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者行腹腔镜、纤维胆道镜联合治疗的临床资料。腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆总管切开,经胆道镜置入取石网篮取石,术毕一期缝合胆总管。结果：本组腹腔镜胆道镜联合胆总管探查取石术成功率98.1%（52/53）,1例中转开腹留置T管。手术时间平均（89.1±46.3）min,术中出血量平均（35±24.9）ml,术后平均住院（6.7±3.1）d,3例发生胆漏,1例再次手术。术后随访4个月～2年,发生残余胆总管结石1例。结论：在严格把握手术指征、认真术前影像学评价、术中熟练胆道镜操作、精准缝合的前提下,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石是安全、可行的。     

腹腔镜胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石104例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜联合治疗胆总管结石的手术方法及临床应用价值。方法回顾性总结2006年8月至2010年12月收治的104例胆总管结石患者经腹腔镜胆总管探查术的临床资料。结果 104例患者中94例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆囊切除＋胆总管探查取石;10例胆囊或胆道手术史的胆总管结石患者接受了腹腔镜胆道探查取石术。手术时间（90±30）min。78例患者（75.0%）未放置T管,全部治愈,无中转开腹;术后早期胆漏发生率6.4%（5/78）,引流3～5d后自愈。26例放置T管患者术后造影3例有残留结石,后经胆道镜取出。结论腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管探查治疗胆总管结石手术安全有效。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石32例临床分析

目的探讨联合应用腹腔镜、胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用价值。方法2003年5月-2007年4月共收治67例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者,随机分为两组：腹腔镜组32例,经腹腔镜行胆囊切除,并联合胆道镜行胆总管切开取石T管引流术;开腹组35例,行开腹胆囊切除＋胆总管切开取石T管引流术。结果两组均未出现严重并发症。腹腔镜组术中出血量为（93.3±40.8）ml、术后5例明显感觉疼痛,术后平均住院（8.0±1.2）d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为（20.9±4.2）h;开腹组术中出血量为（223.3±57.6）ml,术后26例明显感觉疼痛,术后平均住院（14.2±2.7）d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为（64.1±7.9）h,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。腹腔镜组术后发现胆道残余结石1例,经胆道镜取出。随访1.2（1-3）年,开腹组有2例复发胆总管结石,腹腔镜组无结石复发,两组比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论与传统手术方法相比,腹腔镜联合胆道镜下胆囊切除,胆总管切开探查、取石,T管引流术具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,且安全有效,值得推广。     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration

Ligament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically-based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically-based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.