前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

目的：对照性研究前路和后路手术治疗青少年胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的手术效果。方法：按照同一标准,从1998年1月～2006年1月手术治疗的231例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中选出胸腰段脊柱侧凸61例。A组前路手术,28例。B组后路手术,33例。结果：随访2～6年（平均3．5年）。手术时间A组4．5h±0．8h,B组3．1h±1．0h（P〈0．01）。出血量A组1400ml±350ml,B组1100ml±230ml（P〈0．05）。术后引流量A组380m1±190ml,B组250ml±150ml（P〈0．05）。固定节段A组4．5±0．6个椎体,B组7．1±1．2个椎体（P〈0．01）。平均矫正率A组75％,B组74％（JD〉0．05）。剃刀背矫正度A组3．8°±2．4°,B组4．1°±2．6°（P〉0．05）。2年后矫正度甲均丢失A组4．3°±1．4°,B组5．4°±2．1°（p〉0．05）。随访2年尢假关节及内固定失败病例。术后交界性后凸角B组发生率高（P〈0．01）。结论：畸形的矫正、剃刀背的改善、矫正度的丢失前路和后路相当。后路手术有损伤小、出血少,术后引流量少。后路手术容易产生PJK。     

选择性前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的 比较选择性前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段或腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效.方法 1998年3月～2004年9月,共64例胸腰段或腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受手术,其中36例采用选择性前路手术(A组),28例采用选择性后路手术(B组),随访时间为2～4 年.结果 A组术前胸腰段或腰段弯曲角度平均 42°,术后平均 18°;B组术前平均46°,术后平均18°.2 组患者术后弯曲都得到了明显改善,且2组患者改善率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术中的出血量差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05),而B组手术时间(179 min) 相似文献   

胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的前路矫正术

目的评价胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正术的临床效果。方法1998年1月~2004年1月,76例胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受前路选择性矫正融合术。患者共76例,男19例,女57例,平均年龄为16.2岁(13~27岁)。按照Lenke分型,Ⅴ型41例,Ⅵ型35例。其中Lenke Ⅴ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均51.3°(38°~65°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均35.5°(23°~41°);Lenke Ⅵ型术前胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均53.4°(46°~68°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均39.2°(27°~51°)。所有患者均接受侧前路矫正选择性胸腰段融合。术后以及随访中对胸腰段侧凸矫正以及胸段代偿矫正情况进行分析对比,同时采用SRS-22评分评价患者手术前后的功能状况。结果患者均安全完成手术,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均随访2年以上(2~5年)。Lenke Ⅴ型组术后胸腰段侧凸Cobb角平均11.2°(3°~15°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均8.3°(2°~11°),最终随访时分别为13.2°(5°~17°)和10.1°(4°~15°),无躯干冠状面失代偿发生;LenkeⅥ型组术后Cobb角平均16.3°(8°~21°),胸段侧凸Cobb角平均13.7°(11°~19°),最终随访时分别为17.5°(11°~24°)和15.2°(14°~21°);仅1例发生躯干冠状面失代偿,但不需要进一步治疗。两组之间无统计学差异。所有患者均在术后以及最终随访时填写了SRS-22评分表,结果显示两组患者均对治疗结果表示满意。结论胸腰段/腰段特发性脊柱侧凸经前路矫正、选择性融合可以获得良好矫正,术后胸段弯曲能够获得较好的代偿矫正,并在远期随访中维持矫正效果和躯干冠状面的平衡。     

胸椎特发性脊柱侧凸的前后路手术对照临床研究

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS）是一种复杂的脊柱畸形,运用三维矫形理论与技术治疗AIS的目的就是纠正脊柱的三维畸形,达到冠状面矫形、矢状面恢复生理曲度和轴位消除旋转。1998年1月～2005年1月作者先后采用后入路、经胸入路及胸腔镜下手术治疗胸椎脊柱侧凸33例,通过回顾性分析对三种手术进行比较。     

合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

目的 探讨合并胸腰段后凸的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床特点和手术治疗策略. 方法对2001年1月至2007年1月收治的413例AIS患者进行回顾性分析,合并胸腰段后凸者共10例,其中男2例,女8例;年龄12～18岁,平均14.3岁.侧凸类型包括PUMC Ⅱb2型3例,Ⅱc 3型4例,Ⅱd2型1例,Ⅲb型2例.单纯后路内固定术8例,前路松解+后路内固定术2例.术前、术后及随访时摄X线片,对侧凸类型、Cobb角、顶椎旋转度、顶椎偏距、侧凸柔韧性、胸腰段后凸、冠状面及矢状面躯干偏移进行评测和分析.结果 本组患者中双弯8例,三弯2例;胸腰弯/腰弯Cobb角≥45°者7例,柔韧性指数≤70%者6例,顶椎旋转度≥Ⅱ度者9例.所有病例的融合范围均符合PUMC分型原则.手术前后平均胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为71.7°和37.4°,平均矫正率为47.8%;手术前后平均胸腰弯/腰弯冠状面Cobb角分别为65.0°和27.8°,平均矫正率为57.2%;手术前后平均胸腰段后凸分别为35.5°和4.2°,平均矫正率为88.2%.全部病例随访12～72个月,平均23.1个月;最终随访时无躯干失平衡发生. 结论 合并胸腰段后凸的AIS一般多为双弯或三弯,胸腰弯/腰弯畸形往往比较严重,并有明显的旋转畸形.对合并胸腰段后凸的AIS,应融合胸腰弯/腰弯以防止术后发生失代偿或后凸加重, PUMC分型可以有效识别病变类型并指导融合范围的选择.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的前路手术治疗

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis，AIS)传统的手术治疗多通过后路融合和固定，后路手术一直是AIS治疗的金标准。由于脊柱侧凸是发生于冠状面、矢状面及额状面的三维畸形，如何达到畸形三维矫正一直是广大学者所追求的目标。随着内固定器械的发展，后路多钩、钉节段内固定系统的应用，对AIS的疗效较过去明显提高，可较好地解决冠状面的畸形，但仍不能完全重建胸椎的后凸，额状面的矫正亦不理想，融合节段较多，牺牲了较多的运动节段，而且体瘦的患者内固定隆起及迟发性感染发生率较高。     

选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 评价选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床效果. 方法回顾性分析35例行选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合的PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke5型)AIS病例.所有病例均行前路单棒节段性固定融合,随访18～42个月,平均36个月.术前、术后及随访时均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,对躯干偏移、上下融合椎邻近椎间盘开角、下固定椎的倾斜、冠状面和矢状面Cobb角进行测量分析.测量数据使用SPSS 11.0统计学软件进行分析.结果 胸腰弯或腰弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均45.6°,术后9.7°,末次随访14.4°.胸弯冠状面Cobb角术前平均29.7°,术后17.6°,末次随访20.1°.躯干偏移术前平均14.0 mm,术后14.8 mm,末次随访5.1 mm.下端固定椎(LIV)倾斜术前平均-21.8°,术后-1.5°,末次随访-2.1°.冠状面上端固定椎(UIV)上位椎间盘开角(UIVDA)及LIV下位椎间盘开角(LIVDA)术前分别为0.5°和0.6°,术后为0.9°和4.9°,末次随访时均显著加重,为3.0°和7.8°.矢状面胸段(T5～12)及胸腰段(T10～L2)曲度术后及末次随访时均保持良好.矢状面腰前凸(L1～S1)及固定融合节段Cobb角在术后有所减小,末次随访时均保持良好.所有病例末次随访时均未见假关节形成及其他并发症. 结论 选择性前路胸腰段或腰段融合是治疗PUMCⅡd1型(Lenke 5型)AIS的安全、有效的方法,融合节段上、下椎间盘开角增加及部分病例残余胸弯过大现象需进一步随访评估.     

胸椎特发性脊柱侧凸的前后路手术对照临床研究

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis，AIS）是一种复杂的脊柱畸形，运用三维矫形理论与技术治疗AIS的目的就是纠正脊柱的三维畸形，达到冠状面矫形、矢状面恢复生理曲度和轴位消除旋转。1998年1月～2005年1月作者先后采用后入路、经胸入路及胸腔镜下手术治疗胸椎脊柱侧凸33例，通过回顾性分析对三种手术进行比较。     

脊柱侧凸治疗中相关问题探讨：对胸腰段或腰段特发性脊柱侧凸是行前路手术还是后路手术？

随着脊柱外科的发展，参与脊柱侧凸治疗的医生越来越多，矫形器械不断进步，矫形手段不断增多。在脊柱侧凸的诊治中，也存在一些有争议和值得探讨的问题。如：对胸腰段或腰段侧凸是行前路手术还是行后路手术？对先天性胸腰椎半椎体畸形如何选择手术时机、芳式和入路？怎样使脊柱侧凸微创技术健康发展？如何掌握退变性脊柱侧凸的手术适应证？等等。为此，本刊特邀了有关专家对上述问题进行讨论，供同道们参考。[编者按]     

前路与后路矫形融合术治疗腰段和胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效比较

目的 分析前路和后路矫形融合术治疗胸腰段和腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)的临床疗效.方法 2004年1月至2008年8月手术治疗胸腰段和腰段AIS患者42例,均为女性.前路组22例,年龄12～18岁,平均14.5岁;采用侧前方入路,单棒或双棒系统矫正固定融合.后路组20例,年龄11～19岁,平均14.8岁;采用节段椎弓根螺钉内固定融合技术.对两组手术时间、出血量、冠状面和矢状面校正率、融合节段以及SRS-24评分进行比较,并进行统计学分析.结果 术后随访12～63个月,平均28.3个月.前路组与后路组平均手术时间分别为(334±36)和(292±17)min,术中平均出血量分别为(940±207)和(596±227)ml,平均融合椎体数分别为(5.2±0.8)和(6.7±1.2)个;两组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).前路组与后路组冠状面腰弯.胸腰弯矫正率分别为(93±5)%和(88±5)%,平均SRS-24评分分别为98和94;两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 后路矫形融合术手术时间较短、出血量较少,能够达到与前路手术相同的矫正率,但融合节段较长.     

Surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis with anterior dual rod instrumentation

BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis both anterior and posterior correction and instrumentation techniques are available. The aim of the present study was to analyse the results of a new anterior dual rod instrumentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of radiometric and clinical parameters of 93 patients operated on between 1996 and 2004 using the Münster Anterior Dual Rod System. RESULTS: The average curve correction was 65% (fusion length usually Cobb levels) with a preoperative Cobb angle of 59 degrees. Postoperative loss of correction amounted to 1.5 degrees (average follow-up of 36 months). Apical vertebral derotation averaged 45% in the thoracic and 53% in the lumbar spine with a subsequent correction of the rib hump of 66% and the lumbar hump of 81%. There were no revisions or neurological complications. CONCLUSION: Anterior dual rod instrumentation enables an effective and safe three-dimensional curve correction in single structural curves with only minimal loss of correction.     

Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation in severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis

A prospective clinical and radiographic evaluation of 33 consecutive patients with severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis (average Cobb angle 93°, flexibility on bending films 23%) were treated with combined anterior and posterior instrumentation with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. All patients underwent anterior release and VDS-Zielke Instrumentation of the primary curve. In highly rigid scoliosis, this was preceded by a posterior release. Finally, posterior correction and fusion with a multiple hook and pedicle screw construct was performed. Thirty patients were operated in one stage, three patients in two stages. Preoperative curves ranged from 80 to 122° Cobb angle. Frontal plane correction of the primary curve averaged 67% with an average loss of correction of 2°. The apical vertebral rotation of the primary curve was corrected by 49%. In all but three patients, sagittal alignment was restored. There were no neurological complications, deep wound infections or pseudarthrosis. Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation is safe and enables an effective three-dimensional curve correction in severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis.     

Anterior versus posterior instrumentation for the correction of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis

Traditionally, thoracic idiopathic scoliosis has been treated by posterior instrumentation and fusion, which is still the gold standard. However, anterior instrumentation and fusion became a viable option for these patients during the 1990s and are gaining acceptance. Currently, controversy still exists regarding the indications for the anterior approach, and the benefits of the anterior versus posterior approach remain unsettled. Therefore, this topic was considered ideal for noted experts on both sides to present their opinions, with Dr. Harry Shufflebarger promoting posterior instrumentation and Dr. Randy Betz encouraging anterior instrumentation. The efforts of these two outstanding and dedicated scoliosis specialists to educate the readers of Spine regarding their viewpoints are appreciated.     

后路选择性内固定矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的 评价经后路选择性关键椎体内固定矫形治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）的临床疗效,探讨其手术适应证。方法经后路选择性关键椎体内固定矫形治疗的131例青少年AIS患者,术前均进行详细的临床和影像学检查评估,按影像学资料确定主侧凸顶椎、端椎、中立椎、稳定椎等关键椎体,并拟定关键椎体椎弓根螺钉内固定。结果主侧凸Cobb角由术前的平均51．3°±12．9°矫正至术后的平均8．9°±4．5°。131例均获得随访,时间8～52个月,末次随访时主侧凸Cobb角平均丢失4．6°±1．2°,椎弓根螺钉松动1例,未发现椎弓根螺钉及棒的断裂。结论经后路选择性关键椎体内固定矫形治疗青少年AIS可取得良好的临床疗效,减少患者医疗费用,符合我国实际国情,但术前应做好适应证选择。     

Comparison of anterior and posterior instrumentation for correction of adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective study of two cohort groups of patients (one group receiving anterior instrumentation and the other posterior instrumentation) receiving treatment for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To present the 2-year postoperative results of a prospective multicenter study comparing the use of anterior instrumentation with that of posterior multisegmented hook instrumentation for the correction of adolescent thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Despite reports of satisfactory results, problems have been reported with posterior systems, including worsening of the lumbar curve after surgery and failure to correct hypokyphosis. Theoretically, the advantages of anterior instrumentation include prevention of lumbar curve decompensation by shortening the convexity of the thoracic curve. In addition, by removing the disc, better correction of thoracic hypokyphosis could be obtained. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients who underwent an anterior spinal fusion using flexible threaded rods and nuts (Harms-MOSS instrumentation, De Puy-Motech-Acromed, Cleveland, OH) were analyzed and compared with 100 patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion with multisegmented hook systems. Parameters of comparison included coronal and sagittal correction, balance, distal lumbar fusion levels, and complication. All patients had idiopathic thoracic curves of King Types II to V. The average age at surgery was 14 years in each group, the average preoperative curve 57 degrees, and the minimum duration of follow-up for all patients 24 months. All data were collected prospectively and analyzed via Epl into statistical analysis (Centers of Disease Control, Atlanta, GA). RESULTS: Average coronal correction of the main thoracic curve was 58% in the anterior group and 59% in the posterior group (P = 0.92). Analysis of sagittal contour showed that the posterior systems failed to correct a preoperative hypokyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 less than 20 degrees) in 60% of cases, whereas 81% were normal postoperatively in the anterior group. However, hyperkyphosis (sagittal T5 to T12 greater than 40 degrees) occurred after surgery in 40% of the anterior group when the preoperative kyphosis was greater than 20 degrees. Postoperative coronal balance was equal in both groups. An average of 2.5 (range, 0-6) distal fusion levels were saved using the anterior spinal instrumentation according to the criteria used for determining posterior fusion levels in this study. Selective fusion of the thoracic curve (distal fusion level T11, T12, L1) was performed in 76 of 78 patients (97%) in the anterior group as compared with only 18 of 100 (18%) in the posterior group. Surgically confirmed pseudarthrosis occurred in 4 of 78 patients (5%) in the anterior group and in 1 of 100 patients (1%) in the posterior group (P = 0.10). Loss of correction greater than 10 degrees occurred in 18 of 78 patients (23%) in the anterior group and in 12 of 100 patients (12%) in the posterior group (P = 0.01). Implant breakage occurred in 24 patients (31%) of the anterior group and in only 1 patient (1%) of the posterior group. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Coronal correction and balance were equal in both the anterior and posterior groups, even though the anterior group had the majority of curves (97%) fused short or to L1, whereas only 18% were fused short or to L1 in the posterior group. 2) In the anterior group there was a better correction of sagittal profile in those with a preoperative hypokyphosis less than 20 degrees. However, hyperkyphosis (with a mean of 54 degrees) occurred in 40% of those in the anterior group with a preoperative kyphosis of more than 20 degrees. 3) An average of 2.5 lumbar levels can be saved with anterior fusion and instrumentation according to the criteria used for choosing posterior fusion levels in this study. 4) Using the 3.2-mm flexible rod in this study, loss of correction, pseudarthrosis, and rod breakage were unacceptably highe