首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的:研究青少年L5滑脱患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态,分析不同类型滑脱的矢状面参数特征及临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月~2019年12月在我院就诊的资料完整的青少年L5滑脱患者36例,男、女各18例,平均年龄14.1±2.5岁(10~18岁);按照Wiltse滑脱分型分为峡部裂组28例和发育不良组8例;按照Meyerding分度标准分为轻度滑脱组32例(Ⅰ度29例、Ⅱ度3例)和重度滑脱组4例(Ⅲ度2例、Ⅳ度2例)。在站立位全长脊柱侧位片上测量脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数。其中滑移参数包括:滑脱率(slip rate,SR)、滑脱角(slip angle,SA);骨盆矢状面参数包括:骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、腰骶角(lumbosacral angle,LSA)、骶骨平台角(sacral table angle,STA);脊柱矢状面参数包括:胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)和矢状垂直偏距(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。对比研究峡部裂组和发育不良组以及轻度和重度滑脱患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数特点和相关临床意义。结果:峡部裂组SR=(13.7±8.1)%,PT=15.7°±8.3°,LSA=105.9°±11.8°,STA=102.8°±6.5°;发育不良组SR=(42.4±27.8)%,PT=34.2°±9.6°,LSA=78.7°±11.2°,STA=76.4°±9.5°;两组相比具有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。轻度滑脱组SR=(14.4±7.8)%,PT=18.1°±10.4°,LSA=102.1°±15.5°,STA=99.9°±10.8°;重度滑脱组SR=(65.0±19.6)%,PT=33.9°±11.1°,LSA=77.4°±6.7°,STA=77.7°±8.8°,两组相比具有显著的统计学差异(P0.05)。峡部裂组SA=2.6°±13.1°,PI=54.6°±9.0°,TK=23.5°±15.5°,LL=-53.0°±18.3°;发育不良组SA=11.2°±10.5°,PI=60.8°±14.5°,TK=21.5°±14.3°,LL=-45.3°±15.9°;两组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。轻度滑脱组SA=3.3°±12.6°,PI=55.3°±10.4°,TK=24.0°±13.1°,LL=-52.7°±17.4°;重度滑脱组SA=14.5°±12.8°,PI=61.0°±12.2°,TK=14.8°±3.7°,LL=-40.0°±20.0°,两组相比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:青少年L5滑脱中,发育不良性多为重度滑脱,而峡部裂性多为轻度滑脱。发育不良性重度滑脱容易出现矢状面失衡和滑脱进展,其脊柱-骨盆矢状面呈现躯干前倾,骶骨垂直和骨盆后倾的形态。  相似文献   

2.
目的 :对退变性胸腰交界区后凸及矢状面平衡进行影像学分析,探讨其代偿机制。方法 :将2016年3月~2017年5月影像学上表现为腰椎退变性后凸77例患者纳入本研究,其中男性30例,女性47例,年龄48~82岁,平均65.8±8.0岁。根据胸腰椎交界角(thoracolumbar junctional angle,TLJA)的大小将这些患者分为两组:退变性胸腰交界区后凸组(A组,TLJA≥10°,43例)和退变性胸腰交界区非后凸组(B组,TLJA10°,34例)。通过对站立位脊柱全长正侧位X线片测量,对比分析两组的C7矢状面垂直轴(C7-sagittal vertical axis,C7-SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)和骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)。结果 :A组和B组的LL分别为17.30°±11.55°和22.54°±8.72°。A组及B组的TLJA分别为-15.26°±3.65°和-3.67°±4.74°。在A组中,LL与TK(r=-0.345,P=0.024),SS(r=0.595,P=0.000)以及PT(r=-0.363,P=0.017)均有相关性。在B组中,LL与TK(r=-0.400,P=0.019),SS(r=0.681,P=0.000)以及C7-SVA(r=-0.402,P=0.018)均有相关性。两组间,LL(t=2.230,P=0.029)、TK(t=3.325,P=0.001)、SS(t=2.939,P=0.004)和PI(t=2.130,P=0.036)均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 :退变性胸腰交界区后凸可能是因胸腰交界区独特的形态学及生物力学特性所致,为了维持矢状位平衡,其骨盆后倾可能更加重要;不伴有退变性胸腰交界区后凸的患者,其胸椎曲度的改变可能更加重要。  相似文献   

3.
目的:评估高位腰椎间盘突出症(upper lumbar disc herniation,ULDH)患者的脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态影像学表现,探讨脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态在ULDH发病机制中的意义。方法:选取2007年1月~2016年12月行手术治疗的29例ULDH患者,其中L1/2椎间盘突出9例,L2/3椎间盘突出16例,L1/2和L2/3双节段椎间盘突出4例;正常无椎间盘突出志愿者58例为对照组。ULDH组年龄20~56岁,女10例,男19例;对照组年龄22~56岁,女21例,男37例。两组的年龄、性别、体重指数比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。在站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量两组的脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态学参数,包括骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、胸腰段后凸角(thoracolumbar junctional angle,TLJ)、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA);ULDH组测量突出节段椎间盘前、后缘高度和椎间盘角度,对照组测量L1/2、L2/3椎间盘;观察两组是否存在滑脱及椎体楔形变,测量滑脱距离及楔形变角度。根据矢状面形态进行Roussouly分型并比较两组间脊柱-骨盆矢状面参数和Roussouly分型结果。结果:ULDH组的PI、PT、SS和LL分别为36.0°±8.8°、12.5°±6.7°、23.4°±9.6°、36.1°±9.1°,明显低于对照组的43.6°±8.6°、15.4°±6.7°、28.0°±9.1°、48.1°±9.0°(P均0.05);ULDH组的TK、TLJ和SVA分别为33.3°±11.0°、17.0°±6.6°、5.6±20.1mm,明显高于对照组的26.7°±12.1°、6.2°±5.8°、-18.2±16.6mm(P均0.05)。ULDH组的L1/2椎间盘前、后缘高度分别为6.1±1.9mm和5.1±2.1mm,明显低于对照组的9.7±1.8mm和8.5±2.4mm(P0.05);L2/3椎间盘前、后缘高度分别为7.1±2.1mm和5.1±2.7mm,明显低于对照组的9.5±1.9mm和8.3±2.6mm(P0.05)。ULDH组L1/2和L2/3椎间盘角度分别为4.9°±3.0°和5.2°±2.9°,明显高于对照组的3.2°±2.7°和3.1°±2.6°(P0.05)。ULDH组中后滑脱患者10例(34.5%),明显高于对照组(0%)(P0.05)。ULDH组后滑脱距离5.3±1.9mm,24例(82.8%)椎间盘突出节段邻近椎体存在明显楔形变(8.7°±2.4°);而对照组仅2例(3.4%)存在腰段椎体楔形变,比例明显低于ULDH组(P0.05)。ULDH组Roussouly分型Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型所占比例分别为48.3%、31.0%、17.3%和3.4%,对照组分别为10.3%、46.6%、32.8%和10.3%,其中Ⅰ型在ULDH组所占比例明显高于对照组(P0.05),其余分型在两组间无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:ULDH患者以Roussouly分型Ⅰ型居多,PI较低,且较正常人群相应节段椎间盘高度显著降低、椎间隙角度增加。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨借助C_7铅垂线(C_7PL)来观察站立位脊柱矢状面稳定性的可行性。方法选取59名健康青少年的站立侧位脊柱全长X线片,由2位医师在医学影像存档与传输系统(PACS)工作站上通过Cobb法和C_7PL法独立测量脊柱矢状面参数,前者包括胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL),后者包括T_6椎体与C_7PL距离(T_6PL)、L_4椎体与C_7PL距离(L_4PL)、骶骨上终板后上角与C_7PL距离(矢状面轴向距离,SVA)、股骨头中心与C_7PL距离(FPL),比较2种测量方法的重复性和相关性。结果以Cobb法测量,A医师测量的TK和 LL分别为24.1°±11.5°、51.0°±8.5°,B医师测量的TK和LL分别为28.1°±8.1°、49.4°±6.0°,2位医师测量的TK差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)并呈中度相关(r=0.662),测量的LL差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)且呈高度相关(r=0.873)。以C_7PL法测量,A医师测量的T_6PL和L_4PL分别为(27.3±19.0)mm、-(43.5±19.7)mm,B医师测量的T_6PL和L_4PL分别为(24.3±13.2)mm、-(45.5±25.9)mm,两位医师测量的T_6PL和L_4PL差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)且呈极高度相关(r=0.905,r=0.936)。对Cobb法和C_7PL法的测量结果进行相关分析,结果显示,TK与T_6PL呈高度相关(r=0.760),LL与L_4PL呈中度负相关(r=-0.592)。对C_7PL法的测量指标进行相关分析,结果显示,T_6PL与L_4PL呈中度负相关(r=-0.655),与SVA呈低度负相关(r=-0.404),与FPL呈中度负相关(r=-0.646)。结论基于C_7PL观察脊柱矢状面曲度变化是可行的,且重复性可能更好,是整体观察脊柱-骨盆-下肢矢状面各部位相互平衡性的有效方法,值得试用。  相似文献   

5.
目的:探索马凡综合征伴脊柱畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面的形态特征。方法:收集以脊柱畸形来我院就诊的马凡综合征患者35例,男18例,女17例,年龄10~20岁,平均14.4±2.3岁。在站立位全脊柱侧位X线片上测量脊柱及骨盆矢状面参数,包括:(1)胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK),(2)胸腰段后凸角(thoracolumbar kyphosis,TL),(3)腰椎前凸角(lumbar lodorsis,LL),(4)骨盆入射角(pelvic incidence,PI),(5)骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT),(6)骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS),(7)矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)。定义顶椎在T12、L1或者T12/L1椎间盘,后凸角度10°的后凸为胸腰段后凸;顶椎在L1/2椎间盘或以下椎体、椎间盘,后凸角度10°的后凸为腰椎后凸。采用Sponseller分型方法对患者脊柱矢状面形态进行分型,比较不同分型患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态。结果:本组患者在冠状面上以胸腰双弯(40.0%)、单胸弯(22.8%)以及三弯(20.0%)最常见,最大Cobb角43°~165°,平均75.2°±26.0°。在脊柱矢状面上,TK为-25°~73°(19.0°±24.1°),其中胸椎后凸正常者(20°≤TK≤50°)10例(28.6%);胸椎后凸增大患者(TK50°)5例(14.3%);胸椎后凸减小者(0°≤TK20°)13例(37.1%);另有7例(20.0%)患者表现为胸椎前凸。TL为-25°~73°(14.0°±19.0°);LL为-17°~70°(37.1°±23.3°);SVA为-9.0~7.2cm(-2.0±4.3cm)。15例(42.9%)患者表现为胸腰段后凸或腰椎后凸(9例ⅡA型,6例ⅡB型),5例患者表现为后凸区明显的椎体楔形变。骨盆矢状面上,PI为25°~74°(40.1°±12.7°);PT为-12°~34°(6.9°±9.6°);SS为14°~68°(33.3°±12.6°)。Sponseller分型Ⅰ型患者TK、LL、PI、SS明显大于Ⅱ型患者,而Ⅱ型患者TL明显大于Ⅰ型患者。未见腰椎滑脱现象。结论:马凡综合征伴脊柱畸形患者脊柱-骨盆矢状面形态差异较大,手术医生应该根据不同分型制定不同的手术策略。  相似文献   

6.
目的 :分析高度发育不良性腰椎滑脱(high dysplastic developmental spondylolisthesis,HDDS)的手术复位程度与脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数变化的关系,以了解复位至何种程度能够显著改善术后脊柱-骨盆矢状位序列。方法:回顾性分析2007年3月~2019年4月在我院骨科接受手术治疗的35例HDDS患者,滑脱节段均为L5,年龄14.9±5.9岁(9~35岁)。均行减压、部分复位或完全复位、椎弓根螺钉内固定融合术。随访42.5±33.1个月(3~120个月)。依据术后末次随访时的Dubousset腰骶角(Dubousset lumbosacral angle,Dub-LSA)将患者分为70°(7例)、70°~79.9°(8例)、80°~89.9°(4例)及≥90°(16例)四组,依据末次随访时滑脱的Meyerding分度将患者分为Ⅲ度及以上(5例)、Ⅱ度(6例)、Ⅰ度以内(24例)三组,分别对比各组的术前、末次随访时脊柱-骨盆参数的变化。结果:滑脱率术前为(66.7±22.5)%(35%~100%),末次随访时为(18.9±20.9)%(0%~72%);DubLSA术前为61.9°±14.7°,末次随访时82.1°±17.3°。末次随访时Dub-LSA越大、滑脱程度越低,脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数较术前改善越明显;直至Dub-LSA≥90°和滑移程度在Ⅰ度以内时,骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)和骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)均有显著性改善,由后倾型骨盆转变为平衡型骨盆的比例显著增加。Dub-LSA≥90°组术前与末次随访时PT分别为36.4°±6.5°与27.2°±4.9°(P0.001)、SS分别为33.5°±9.1°与42.1°±9.3°(P0.001)、平衡型骨盆比例分别为0%(0/16)与43.8%(7/16)(P=0.007),末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异。末次随访时滑脱程度在Ⅰ度以内组,术前与末次随访时PT分别为38.9°±8.6°与30.6°±7.4°(P0.001)、SS分别为31.4°±11.5°与41.2°±8.7°(P0.001)、平衡型骨盆比例分别为0%(0/24)与29.2%(7/24)(P=0.009),末次随访时与术前比较均有统计学差异。结论:将HDDS患者的Dub-LSA复位至≥90°和将滑移复位至Ⅰ度以内能够显著改善脊柱-骨盆矢状位参数,并且能够将部分(43.8%)后倾型骨盆改善为平衡型骨盆。  相似文献   

7.
目的 :评估后路半椎体切除短节段固定治疗儿童腰骶部半椎体畸形的中远期疗效及并发症。方法 :回顾性分析2003年3月~2013年2月在我院行腰骶部半椎体切除短节段固定术、随访5年以上的21例患者的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男13例,女8例,手术时年龄3~13岁(8.4±2.9岁)。半椎体位于L4/5 11例,位于L5/S1 10例。分别于术前、术后即刻、术后2年和末次随访时的站立位X线片上测量冠状面上局部侧凸角、代偿弯Cobb角、上端固定椎倾斜角、躯干偏移和矢状面上局部后凸角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角和矢状面平衡距离(SVA),对冠状位平衡状态进行分型;并记录术后和随访时的并发症。结果:术后随访5.0~13.0年(6.5±2.4年),固定节段2~4个(2.9±0.6个)椎体。患者术前腰骶部原发弯Cobb角为29.8°±10.1°,术后矫正至6.5°±5.1°(P0.001),矫正率为(76.2±18.5)%;术后2年和末次随访时分别为7.4°±5.4°和7.8°±6.1°,与术后即刻比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术前冠状面平衡状态A型5例,B型6例,C型10例,术后和末次随访时均有显著性改善。术前冠状面躯干偏移为24.5±14.2mm,术后矫正至14.6±11.9mm(P0.01),矫正率为(41.9±59.3)%;术后2年及末次随访时分别为12.0±8.9mm和9.8±8.0mm。近端代偿弯由术前的22.9°±11.1°矫正到术后8.5°±5.2°(P0.001),矫正率为(61.3±20.5)%;术后2年及末次随访时分别为10.1°±6.0°和11.9°±6.5°,与术后即刻比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。术前上端固定椎倾斜角为14.4°±7.1°,术后即刻为2.6°±3.8°(P0.05);术后2年及末次随访时分别为3.1°±4.0°、3.8°±4.2°,与术后即刻比较无显著性差异(P0.05)。矢状面上,术后及随访时的局部后凸角、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角、SVA与术前比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。1例患者术中矫形时发生凸侧椎弓根螺钉切割,1例患者术后出现短暂性右足背伸肌力下降,保守治疗3个月后完全恢复。2例代偿弯进展,1例行翻修手术。结论:继发于腰骶部半椎体的先天性脊柱畸形患者行单一后路腰骶部半椎体切除短节段固定可明显矫正腰骶部原发畸形,改善近端代偿弯及冠状面失平衡,并且矫形效果在远期随访过程中能得到良好的维持。  相似文献   

8.
目的 :评价后路半椎体切除、短节段融合固定术治疗儿童先天性腰骶部半椎体畸形的效果,探讨术后近端代偿侧凸(PCC)自发矫正的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月~2018年12月我院诊治的25例腰骶部半椎体患儿的临床资料,其中男14例,女11例,年龄3.3~13.0岁(6.74±2.81岁),L4~S1半椎体10例,L5~S1半椎体13例,L6~S1半椎体2例。均行腰骶部一期后路半椎体切除、短节段固定融合术,随访至少24个月。术前、术后及末次随访时所有患儿均行站立位全脊柱正侧位X线检查。测量并对比术前、术后及末次随访时畸形部位侧凸Cobb角、PCC、骶骨冠状面倾斜(SSA)、近端固定椎倾斜度(PVO)、畸形部位前凸、胸椎后凸、腰椎前凸、躯干冠状面偏移(TS)、矢状面平衡(STS)及骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、矢状位骨盆倾斜角(SS)。分析末次随访PCC及PCC矫正率与年龄、畸形部位侧凸、畸形侧凸矫正率、术前PCC、末次随访PVO、末次随访SSA等因素的相关性。依据末次随访PVO将患者分为近端固定椎倾斜组(≥5°)与近端固定椎水平组(5°),比较两组间各脊柱参数的差异。结果:融合固定2~4个椎体(2.58±0.77个椎体),手术时间120~300min(167.60±42.45min),术中出血量100~1000ml(362.00±215.50ml)。术后2例患者出现一过性下肢疼痛,术后两周恢复正常。术后随访24~70个月(37.72±14.90个月)。畸形部位侧凸Cobb角由术前的28.8°±5.8°降至术后的5.8°±3.5°(P0.01),末次随访为7.8°±3.2°(矫正率72.9%,P0.01)。PCC由术前的25.8°±10.9°自发性矫正为末次随访时的13.1°±8.0°(P0.01),矫正率为49.2%。TS从术前的13.5±11.7mm降至末次随访5.5±4.5mm(P0.01),STS从术前的16.1±9.6mm降至末次随访的7.0±5.0mm(P0.01)。所有病例术前、末次随访骨盆矢状面均保持平衡,末次随访PI、PT、SS、胸椎后凸及腰椎前凸较术前均无明显改变。末次随访PCC与术前PCC和末次随访PVO存在相关性(P0.01,P0.05),末次随访PCC矫正率与末次随访PVO存在相关性(P0.01)。近端固定椎水平组14例,倾斜组11例,两组间年龄、术前畸形侧凸、融合节段、术前PCC及术前SSA均无统计学差异,末次随访PCC有显著性差异(9.8°vs 17.4°,P0.05)。结论:一期后路半椎体切除、短节段融合固定术治疗儿童腰骶部半椎体畸形可以获得良好的侧凸矫正并改善躯干偏移。为更好地达到近端代偿侧凸自发矫正,应在术前评估已有的近端代偿侧凸角度,术中应尽可能实现近端固定椎水平化。  相似文献   

9.
目的 :比较退变性胸腰椎后凸(DTK)与陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸(PTK)患者矢状面代偿模式的差异。方法:回顾性分析2010年6月~2015年2月在我科门诊或在院接受诊疗的32例DTK患者和28例PTK患者的一般资料,并纳入30例健康成人作为对照组。90例研究对象中男性42例,女性48例,平均年龄47.2岁(30~70岁),DTK组、PTK组和对照组年龄分别为56.0±7.3岁、39.0±8.5岁和45.5±5.5岁。所有研究对象均拍摄立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片。分别测量三组研究对象脊柱矢状位后凸角(KA)、胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、骨盆入射角(PI)、骨盆倾斜角(PT)、骶骨倾斜角(SS)及矢状位平衡(SVA),比较三组之间以上脊柱骨盆参数的差异。结果:(1)DTK组和对照组的TK明显大于PTK组(分别为26.5°±5.8°、26.0°±6.3°和23.3°±7.8°,P0.05),而DTK组与对照组比较无显著性差异(P0.05);(2)DTK组的LL、SS(分别为23.1°±12.4°、20.4°±7.7°)均明显小于PTK组(分别为43.4°±7.8°、30.4°±6.6°)和对照组(分别为42.1°±8.5°、31.1°±5.5°)(P0.001),而PTK组的LL、SS与对照组比较无显著性差异(P0.05);DTK组的SVA、PT(分别为62.7±17.5mm、26.1°±11.9°)均明显大于PTK组(分别为16.7±7.1mm、16.7°±8.6°)和对照组(分别为15.8±7.4mm、15.4°±6.6°)(P0.001),而PTK组与对照组的SVA、PT比较无显著性差异(P0.05);(3)DTK组与PTK组的KA(分别为46.7°±12.8°、46.0°±13.8°)无显著性差异(P0.05);DTK组、PTK组和对照组的PI(分别为45.5°±9.7°、46.1°±8.8°、45.1°±8.8°)无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:退变性胸腰椎后凸患者表现为腰椎前凸减小,骨盆后旋转,并最终出现躯干前倾的矢状面失代偿;陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸患者仅表现为TK减小、以骨折椎体为中心的局部后凸,而未发生整体脊柱骨盆参数的代偿。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者后路矫形术后远端交界区(LIV+2)在冠状面、矢状面和轴位上的变化。方法:2005年6月~2007年6月手术治疗AIS患者32例,男6例,女26例,年龄10~19岁,平均14.4岁。按PUMC分型,Ⅰc1例,Ⅱa4例,Ⅱb19例,Ⅱb21例,Ⅱc11例,Ⅱc35例,Ⅱd15例,Ⅲa5例,Ⅲb1例。均采用后路全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫形固定,其中远端融合椎(LIV)与稳定椎(SV)为同一椎体(A组)15例,LIV与SV非同一椎体(B组)17例。术前和末次随访时摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量冠状面上躯干偏移(TS),LIV的倾斜度(LIVT),LIV尾侧椎间盘开角(LIVA),冠状面和矢状面上远端交界区的Cobb角和椎体的旋转度(LIV+1VR和LIV+2VR)。结果:随访24~36个月,平均29个月。两组末次随访时的TS与术前比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。A组LIVT由术前20.2°±5.9°下降到末次随访时的4.7°±3.8°(P0.001),B组由17.2°±5.5°下降到4.4°±2.7°(P0.001);A组术前和末次随访时LIVA分别为7.5°±4.7°和3.9°±3.1°(P=0.056);B组分别为4.5°±3.4°和5.4°±3.2°(P=0.492);Pearson′s相关分析显示两组远端融合椎倾斜度变化和其尾侧椎间盘开角变化之间相关性不显著(A组r=-0.067,P=0.813;B组r=0.362,P=0.154)。A组远端交界区(LIV+2)冠状面上Cobb角由术前20.5°±9.6°矫正至末次随访时9.4°±7.3°(P0.001);B组由13.8°±6.7°矫正至8.1°±4.7°(P=0.013);A、B组末次随访时远端交界区矢状面上Cobb角与术前比较均无显著性差异(分别为P=0.464,P=0.598);Pearson′s相关分析显示A组末次随访时矢状面Cobb角和术前矢状面Cobb角之间相关性不显著(r=0.076,P=0.788),B组的相关性显著(r=0.803,P0.001)。两组末次随访时LIV+1VR和LIV+2VR与术前比较均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:AIS患者应用后路全节段椎弓根螺钉系统矫正后远端交界区在冠状面上矫形明显,矢状面和轴位上矫形不明显,且远端融合椎倾斜度减小。  相似文献   

11.
Mortality associated with pelvic and perineal trauma (PPT) has fallen from 25% to 10% in the last decade thanks to progress accomplished in medical, surgical and interventional radiology domains (Dyer and Vrahas, 2006) [1]. The management strategy depends on the hemodynamic status of the patient (stable, unstable or extremely unstable). Open trauma requires specific treatment in addition to control of bleeding. All surgical centers can be confronted some day with patients with hemorrhagic PPT and for this reason, all surgeons should be familiar with the initial management. In expert centers, management of patients with severe PPT is complex, multidisciplinary and often requires several re-interventions. Obstetrical and sexual trauma, also requiring specific management, will not be dealt with herein.  相似文献   

12.
Tan EC  van Stigt SF  van Vugt AB 《Injury》2010,41(12):1239-1243

Background

Pelvic fractures, often the result of high energy blunt trauma, are associated with severe morbidity and mortality. A new pelvic stabilizer (T-POD®) provides secure and effective simultaneous circumferential compression of the pelvis.

Methods

In this study we describe 15 patients with a prehospital untreated unstable pelvic fracture with signs of hypovolaemic shock with the T-POD®. Before and 2 min after applying the T-POD®, heart rate and blood pressure were measured. An X-ray before and directly after applying the T-POD® was made to measure the effect on reduction in symphyseal diastasis.

Results

Application of the T-POD® reduced the symphyseal diastasis with 60% (p = 0.01). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significant from 65.3 to 81.2 mm Hg (p = 0.03) and the heart rate declined from 107 beats per minute to 94 (p = 0.02). Out of ten patients in whom the circulatory response before and after the T-POD® was recorded, seven were good responders, one had a transient response and two responded poor.

Conclusion

In the acute setting, the T-POD® device has a clear compressive effect on the pelvic volume in unstable pelvic fractures. The T-POD® is therefore an effective and easy to use device in (temporarily) stabilizing the pelvic ring in haemodynamically unstable patients.  相似文献   

13.
The pelvic organ prolapse quantification system (POP-Q) is currently the most quantitative, site-specific system for describing pelvic organ prolapse. To ensure that anatomic outcomes can be optimally assessed, investigators in the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network evaluated the impact of specific technique variations on POP-Q measurements performed on 133 patients by 16 examiners at seven sites. Values for genital hiatus and perineal body were higher when measured with maximal strain than on resting. With the exception of TVL, internal points did not differ significantly when measured with or without a speculum. The maximum extent of prolapse was best seen with the patient standing. These results suggest that genital hiatus and perineal body should be measured at rest and during straining, as the measurements may assess different aspects of pelvic floor function, and that internal points can be measured with or without a speculum. They also emphasize the value of the standing examination to observe the maximum extent of pelvic organ prolapse.Abbreviations POP pelvic organ prolapse - GH genital hiatus - PB perineal body - TVL total vaginal length An erratum to this article can be found at For the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network (PFDN)Supported by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U01HD41249,U10 HD41268, U10 HD41248, U10 HD41250, U10 HD41261, U10 HD41263, U10 HD41269, and U10 HD41267). Editorial Comment: This is a well conceived and clearly described study by the investigators of the Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Network. It carefully evaluates whether some of the most common variations in investigator use of the POP-Q examination results in any important differences in the measured POP-Q points. The authors demonstrate that use of a speculum rather than fingers for retraction when measuring POP-Q points does not result in any frequent or any important changes in those measurements when small numbers of patients from multiple examiners are combined for analysis. They also confirm that the standing examination is probably preferable when trying to evaluate the maximum extent of prolapse.  相似文献   

14.
Background contextIt is generally accepted that for normal subjects the angle of pelvic incidence (PI) increases during childhood and then remains unchanged throughout adolescence and adulthood. However, recent findings show that PI increases linearly throughout the lifespan due to morphological changes of the pelvis.PurposeA retrospective study aiming to determine the extent of morphological changes of the pelvis related to the age of the subjects.Study designPelvic morphology was evaluated in a normal adult population by measuring the anatomical parameters of sagittal pelvic alignment.Patient sampleThe final study cohort consisted of 330 subjects (mean age, 45.3 years; standard deviation, 18.1 years; range, 18–87 years; 164 male and 166 female subjects).Outcome measuresPhysiologic measures, obtained as measurements of PI, sacral end plate width (S1W), and pelvic thickness (PTH).MethodsParameters of PI, S1W, and PTH were evaluated from computed tomography images of the subjects. The measured PTH was normalized according to S1W and age of the subjects, allowing the comparison among anatomies of different sizes. The normalized components of PTH in anteroposterior and cephalocaudal directions were computed to determine the configuration and extent of changes in pelvic morphology related to subject age.ResultsStatistically significant correlation with both age and PI was obtained for all normalized parameters (except for the anteroposterior component of PTH for male subjects), and no statistically significant differences were observed between the sexes. With increasing PI that occurs due to the aging process, a decrease of PTH can be observed that is manifested not only as an increase of the distance between the sacrum and the hip axis in the anterior direction but considerably more as a decrease of the distance between the sacrum and the hip axis in the cephalic direction. By considering these morphological changes in the pelvis simultaneously, the hip axis can move only within a narrow area.ConclusionsThe changes in pelvic morphology due to the aging process occur in the anterior direction, which may be due to the remodeling process affecting the coxal bone that results in an anterior drift of the acetabulum relative to the sacrum. More importantly, the changes are considerably more evident in the cephalic direction, which may be the result of the weight-bearing loads and consequent wear of acetabular cartilage.  相似文献   

15.
Current concepts of pelvic congestion and chronic pelvic pain.   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Chronic pelvic pain in women is a common and disabling illness caused by numerous organic pathologies usually accompanied by varying psychological dysfunctions. Many patients may receive misdiagnosis, misdirected therapies, or do not seek help at all. Pelvic congestion may be responsible for pain in patients without more common diseases, such as endometriosis and pelvic adhesions, among others. Our view of this condition is evolving. In the United States, this medical condition remains controversial. More recent research from the United Kingdom has caused a fresh look at the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pelvic pain produced by pelvic congestion. Potentially, many patients may benefit from a reconsideration of this approach.  相似文献   

16.
Metcalfe AJ  Davies K  Ramesh B  O'Kelly A  Rajagopal R 《Injury》2011,42(10):1008-1011

Background

In the emergency management of patients with pelvic fractures, there is ongoing debate about the roles of angiography and open pelvic packing. It is agreed that some form of haemorrhage control is required for patients who are haemo-dynamically unstable despite resuscitation. We set out to determine whether on-call general and orthopaedic surgeons would feel able to perform emergency surgical procedures for these patients and whether vascular radiology was available to them.

Methods

Surveys were sent to all 221 general and orthopaedic surgeons in Wales. Questions included: sub-speciality interest, geographical region, whether there is a pelvic binder in their hospital, availability of interventional radiology, and whether surgeons would perform a range of procedures to control haemorrhage in the emergency setting.

Results

There were 141 responses to the survey, giving a 64% response rate. Only 18% reported that their unit had a formal rota for interventional radiology out of hours. 16% did not know. 96% of orthopaedic surgeons would perform external fixation, although only 49% would use a C-clamp. 90% of general surgeons would be able to pack the pelvis from within the abdominal compartment and 84% would be prepared to cross-clamp the aorta if the situation required. Despite being widely recommended in the literature as a method of haemorrhage control, our survey revealed only 45% would perform extra(pre)-peritoneal packing of the pelvis (58% of general surgeons; 34% of orthopaedic surgeons) and only 12% had received formal training in this procedure.

Conclusions

With appropriately targeted training it is likely that the care of patients with pelvic fractures can be significantly improved.  相似文献   

17.

Introduction

Hemorrhage is the leading cause of death in patients with a pelvic fracture. The majority of blood loss derives from injured retroperitoneal veins and broad cancellous bone surfaces. The emergency management of multiply injured patients with pelvic ring disruption and severe hemorrhage remains controversial. Although it is well accepted that the displaced pelvic ring injury must be rapidly reduced and stabilized, the methods by which control of hemorrhagic shock is achieved remain under discussion. It has been proposed to exclusively use external pelvic ring stabilization for control of hemorrhage by producing a ‘tamponade effect’ of the pelvis. However, the frequency of clinically important arterial bleeding after external fixation of the pelvic ring remains unclear. We therefore undertook this retrospective review to attempt to answer this one important question: How frequently is arterial embolization necessary to control hemorrhage and restore hemodynamic stability after external pelvic ring fixation?

Materials and methods

We performed a retrospective review of 55 consecutive patients who presented with unstable types B and C pelvic ring fractures. Those patients designated as being in hemorrhagic shock (defined as a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg after receiving 2 L of intravenous crystalloid) were treated by application of the pelvic C-clamp. Patients who remained in hemorrhagic shock, or were determined to be in severe shock (defined as mandatory catecholamines or more than 12 blood transfusions over 2 h), underwent therapeutic angiography within 24 h in order to control bleeding.

Results

Fourteen patients were identified as being hemodynamically unstable (ISS 30.1±11.3 points) and were treated with a C-clamp. In those patients with persistent hemodynamic instability, arterial embolization was performed. After C-clamp application, 5 of 14 patients required therapeutic angiography to control bleeding. Two patients died, one from multiple sources of bleeding and the other from an open pelvic fracture (total mortality 2/14, 14%).

Conclusions

Although the C-clamp is effective in controlling hemorrhage, one must be aware of the need for arterial embolization to restore hemodynamic stability in a select subgroup of patients.
  相似文献   

18.

Background Context

There has been renewed interest in the pelvic vertebrae by spinal surgeons recently. Those involved in working with patients with adult spinal deformity focus on the position of the fused spine as it relates to the pelvis, and determine success or failure by specific numbers for given pelvic parameters. The pelvic parameters that are commonly measured for these patients are pelvic tilt, sacral slope, and pelvic incidence (PI). Out of the three, PI has always been considered to be the fixed measurement, whereas pelvic tilt and sacral slope have the capacity to change in relation to external forces. The assumption that the PI does not change has not been proven in a healthy, asymptomatic population.

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the differences in PI between three pelvic positions used in common functional activities: resting baseline pelvic posture, maximal anterior pelvic rotation, and maximal posterior pelvic rotation.

Study Design/Setting

This was a randomized, prospective study of 50 healthy, asymptomatic, individuals who were recruited from the vicinity of our institution.

Patient Sample

Fifty patients (16 men with a mean age of 26.5±12.1 years; 34 women with a mean age of 27.2±10.8 years) were recruited for this study. Initial screening occurred by telephone. The inclusion criteria consisted of participants being between 18 and 79 years of age, no previous history of spine, pelvic, or lower extremity pain which had lasted longer than 48 hours, or history of any disorder in the spine, pelvis, or lower extremity that had required medical care. Female patients could not be pregnant at the time of participation.

Outcome Measures

Changes in PI were assessed by examining the differences between the values of the PI with each change in pelvic position: resting to maximal anterior pelvic rotation and resting to maximal posterior pelvic rotation. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Methods

This study was funded by a Small Exploratory Grant from the Scoliosis Research Society. All subjects had an initial posterior-anterior and lateral radiograph taken in their resting pelvic position. If no spinal deformity was noted, each subject was instructed to maximally rotate their pelvis anteriorly and an immediate lateral radiograph was taken. The subject was then instructed to maximally rotate their pelvis posteriorly and an immediate lateral radiograph was again taken. Radiographic measurements of PI were independently measured by a board-certified, fellowship trained orthopedic spine surgeon and a board-certified musculoskeletal radiologist after defining and agreeing to the specific manner of measurement.

Results

Pelvic incidence values changed in 44 of 50 subjects (88%) when they maximally anteriorly rotated their pelvis from the resting pelvic position. The mean change was 2.9°, with 23 of 50 subjects (46%) changing ≥3°. Pelvic incidence values changed in 40 of 50 subjects (80%) when they maximally posteriorly rotated their pelvis from the resting position. The mean change was 2.82° with 27 of 50 subjects (54%) changing by ≥3°.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that for a high percentage of the healthy subjects who participated, the PI changed when the subjects varied their pelvic position. This questions the assumption that PI is a fixed parameter and suggests a potential functional motion at the sacroiliac joint. It also supports the idea that intentionally changing one's posture could lead to a change in PI, an idea that could have ramifications in surgical cases.  相似文献   

19.

Background

The cost of medical care is an area of major emphasis in the current healthcare environment. Medical providers have a significant role in reducing costs. One way to achieve this goal is to eliminate practices that add little value to patient care. The pelvic x-ray (PXR) obtained during the initial evaluation of blunt trauma may be an example. The objective of this study was to explore the utility of the pelvic x-ray in the initial evaluation of blunt trauma patients.

Methods

Blunt trauma patients with pelvic fractures of any type admitted to our urban trauma center from January 2012 to December 2013 were reviewed. Demographics including age, sex, race, mechanism of injury, and outcomes were collected. Findings on PXR and computed tomography (CT) were compared for correlation. Patients requiring surgery for their pelvic fractures were identified.

Results

Of the 3,217 trauma admissions over the 2-year period, 153 patients sustained a pelvic fracture. Mean age was 50 years (15 to 97), male 54%, and Caucasian 46%, Hispanic 31%, African American 22%, and Asian 1%. The average injury severity score was 12.9. The main mechanism of injury was motor vehicle collisions 45%, followed by fall from standing 22% and auto and/or pedestrian accidents 12%. There were 22 patients that did not have both CT and pelvic imaging for comparison. Of the 131 patients with both CT and pelvic films, findings were the same in 43 (33%). CT identified one or more additional pelvic fractures in 88 (67%) patients compared with the PXR. In 29 patients (22%), pelvic fractures were not evident on PXR with fractures only identified by CT. The most common missed fractures on PXR were sacral and iliac injuries. Of the 153 patients with pelvic fractures, 24% required surgery for their pelvic injuries. Mortality was 4% for nonpelvic fracture-related causes. The PXR findings did not change management provided by trauma team in the emergency department.

Conclusions

As expected, CT is more sensitive in identifying pelvic fractures compared with PXR. Most blunt trauma patients are undergoing further evaluation with CT. We therefore propose that in patients that are normotensive with no pelvic instability or hip dislocation on physical examination who are to undergo further imaging with CT, the pelvic film should be avoided as it adds little value to patient management. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines should be revised to reflect a diminishing role of the PXR in blunt trauma patients.  相似文献   

20.
The aim of the study was to assess pelvic floor function and dysfunction using intravaginal devices (IVD test). One hundred and eighty-five patients were evaluated, 65 (35.1%) in the control group without genital prolapse and 120 (64.9%) in the study group, with prolapse. Anatomic changes were evaluated on a scale described by Halban, and functional classification based on palpation of the muscles of the pelvic floor during contraction. Additionally, weighted vaginal devices were used to assess pelvic floor function. Statistic analysis was performed with the Spearman-Pearson correlation coefficient, the 2 test and the response/ operator characteristic curve. There was an acceptable correlation between the IVD test and the functional classification of 0.75. Using this classification, the IVD test showed 86.58% sensitivity, 75.72% specificity, and had a positive predictive value 73.95% and a negative predictive value of 87.64%. Significant differences between pelvic floor muscle activity in those patients with and without genital prolapse were observed (X2=58.28, P=<0.005). It was concluded that pelvic floor assessment can be done through the evaluation of active muscle strength or pelvic floor integrity using the functional classification and the IVD test.EDITORIAL COMMENT: In 1988, Peattie and Plevnick introduced the use of weighted vaginal cones to exercise the pelvic floor muscles and treat stress urinary incontinence [1]. Contreras-Ortiz and Nuñez build on this earlier work, using a similar technique to assess pelvic floor muscle function and integrity. Specifically, pelvic floor function is assessed by a combination of digital palpation of the pubococcygeus muscle at rest and during contraction; pelvic floor integrity is assessed by the patient's ability to retain a weighted cone vaginally for 1 minute. Scoring of these two parameters can then be objectively followed for therapeutic response to treatment for urinary incontinence or pelvic relaxation. Many of us forget to palpate the pubococcygeus muscle at rest and during an elicited contraction during baseline or follow-up examination. As this study indicates, simple assessment of pelvic floor function and integrity is possible, and should be used both clinically and in research.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号