火龙罐疗法对心肾不交型围绝经期患者睡眠障碍的影响

目的 探讨火龙罐疗法改善心肾不交型围绝经期患者睡眠障碍的效果.方法 将69例心肾不交型围绝经期睡眠障碍患者随机分为对照组(34例)和观察组(35例).对照组给予常规针刺治疗,观察组给予火龙罐疗法,均每3天1次,连续10次.于干预后评价两组患者睡眠障碍改善程度,于干预前后及随访期(干预后1个月)采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评价睡眠质量.结果 干预后观察组睡眠障碍改善程度显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).干预后、随访期观察组PSQI评分显著低于对照组(均P＜0.05);对照组干预后PSQI评分显著下降,但随访期PSQI评分显著升高(均P＜0.05);观察组干预后PSQI评分显著下降(P＜0.05),之后维持在稳定状况.两组干预期间均未发生不良反应.结论 火龙罐疗法可有效地改善心肾不交型围绝经期患者睡眠障碍,安全且效果相对持久.     

应用生物电阻抗法分析围绝经期妇女人体成分

目的 探讨围绝经期妇女人体组成成分的变化特点,为制订针对性干预措施提供依据.方法 选取45～55岁围绝经期妇女62例为观察组;以30～44岁身体健康的青年女性66例为对照组,采用生物电阻抗法测定各项人体组成学指标.结果 观察组体质量、脂肪、体质指教、肥胖度、体表面积、臀围、腹外围、腹内围、臀腰比显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01);瘦体质量、肌肉、蛋白总量、骨总量、细胞内液、细胞外液、水分总量、体内细胞质量百分比以及基础代谢率、身体密度显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 围绝经期妇女存在超重、脂肪含量超标、腹部脂肪堆积、肌肉含量减少、体内水分减少以及骨总量下降等问题.普遍处于亚健康状态.护理人员应指导该类人群合理膳食,合理运动,做好自我监控,预防疾病发生.     

食管癌术后家庭肠内营养患者的支持性护理干预

目的 探讨支持性护理干预在食管癌术后家庭肠内营养患者中的实施效果.方法 根据入院时间顺序将食管癌根治术后需行家庭肠内营养的190例患者分为对照组93例和干预组97例.对照组按常规进行出院指导及门诊定期复诊,干预组在对照组基础上给予支持性护理干预,比较两组出院前、出院1个月及3个月时体质量、BMI和生活质量.结果 两组体质量和BMI比较,时间效应及交互效应差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);干预组生活质量总分及饮食限制、反流、焦虑得分与对照组比较,干预效应、时间效应差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 对食管癌术后行家庭肠内营养患者实施支持性护理干预,有利于维持食管癌术后患者体质量,改善患者症状相关生活质量.     

老年慢性心力衰竭患者稳定期体质量控制效果探讨

目的提高老年慢性心力衰竭患者稳定期体质量控制能力,改善预后。方法将96例老年心力衰竭患者随机分为对照组和干预组各48例。对照组给予常规护理,干预组制定和实施体质量控制方案,连续干预至患者出院后6个月评价效果。结果干预组体质量监测依从性、体质量测量问卷评分及心功能显著优于对照组(P0.05,P0.01),再入院率显著低于对照组(P0.01);干预组干预前后体质量稳定(P0.05)。结论体质量控制方案的实施有利于提高老年心力衰竭患者的体质量控制能力和改善其预后。     

运用中医药膳法预防剖宫产产褥期疾病的研究

目的探讨中医饮食疗法预防剖宫产产褥期疾病的效果。方法将72例剖宫产初产妇分为药膳组与对照组各36例,对照组自主饮食,药膳组饮食干预的制定以西医营养为框架,中医食疗为手段,以"治未病"、"补虚祛瘀"理念为原则进食药膳。结果药膳组产后泌乳量、恶露持续时间、排便情况与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);子宫三径之和小于对照组(P0.01);产后宫底下降高度显著优于对照组(P0.01);产妇体重指数显著低于对照组(P0.01)。结论补虚祛瘀饮食疗法可以预防产后缺乳、产后恶露不绝、产后便秘等产褥期疾病,有利于子宫恢复,防范产后肥胖。     

综合护理干预对颈动脉型颈椎病患者的影响

目的 探讨综合护理干预对职业人员颈动脉型颈椎病患者的影响.方法 将102例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各51例.对照组采用常规治疗护理,观察组在此基础上加用认知干预、心理干预、日常生活行为干预及运动疗法干预等,6个月后行效果评价.结果 观察组干预后颈性眩晕症状与功能评分显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01);椎基底动脉血流调节效果显著优于对照组(均P＜0.01),总有效率显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 日常生活行为干预、颈椎操等综合护理干预措施能有效改善职业人员颈动脉型颈椎病患者症状,达到提高疗效的目的.     

中药复方治疗围绝经期综合征的临床研究

目的:观察自拟中药复方治疗妇女围绝经期综合征的临床疗效.方法:治疗组采用自拟中药复方方,并与口服尼尔雌醇及更年康相对照,观察治疗前后妇女围绝经期综合征的症状评分,同时放免测定了部分患者治疗前后血清性激素的含量及IL-2的变化.结果:1中药复方能明显改善围绝经期综合征患者各主要症状,痊愈率为26％,总有效率达92％,较更年康组及尼尔雌醇组均疗效显著(P＜0.05)；缓解胸闷、烦燥、倦怠、浮肿症状显著优于尼尔雌醇组及更年康对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).2中药复方能明显升高患者E2水平(P＜0.05).能使血清IL-2水平有所降低,但无统计学意义.结论:自拟中药复方治疗妇女围绝经期综合征的疗效可靠,并对卵巢功能有促进和调节作用,且可能在一程度上有改善免疫力的作用.     

原发性骨质疏松症患者的辨证施护

目的 观察辨证施护在原发性骨质疏松症治疗中的效果.方法 将162例原发性骨质疏松症患者分为观察组102例和对照组60例.两组均采用中西药治疗原发性骨质疏松症,对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上将患者分为肝肾不足、脾肾两虚、脾肾两虚兼血瘀3个证型,按照不同中医证型,给予药膳疗法、穴位贴敷疗法、运动疗法综合干预.经过3个月治疗,观察两组患者中医症候量表积分、单项中医主要症状积分、临床疗效变化.结果 干预后观察组中医症候量表积分、单项中医主要症状积分显著优于对照组,临床总有效率显著高于对照组（均P＜0.01）.结论 辨证施护能有效改善患者骨痛、腰背酸痛、腿抽筋症状,提高临床疗效.     

不稳定性心绞痛焦虑抑郁患者的综合性心理干预

目的 探讨综合性心理干预对不稳定性心绞痛焦虑抑郁患者的影响.方法 将100例不稳定性心绞痛焦虑抑郁患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组采用常规的护理和健康教育措施.观察组在此基础上采用综合性心理干预.包括行为干预、生物反馈、放松训练、支持性心理治疗等.连续干预6个月后评价效果.结果 干预后观察组焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和心绞痛调查量表(SAQ)评分显著优于对照组(均P＜0.05);生活质量评定问卷(GQOL-74)的社会功能扣心理功能维度评分显著提高(均P＜0.05),临床疗效及ECG表现显著改善(均P＜0.01).结论 综合性心理干预能有效改善不稳定性心绞痛焦虑抑郁患者的负性情绪.改善痰病症状,提高其生活质量.     

刮痧对围绝经期综合征女性症状和生活质量的影响

目的探讨刮痧对围绝经期综合征患者症状和生活质量的影响。方法将70例患者随机分为观察组和对照组各35例,对照组采用中药汤剂治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予刮痧治疗,干预时间为8周。于干预前后采用改良Kupperman Index评分表(KI)和绝经期生活质量量表(MENQOL)评价患者的围绝经期症状和生活质量。结果两组KI总分除性交痛外其他症状评分显著低于干预前(均P0.05),观察组潮热汗出、感觉异常、失眠、抑郁、疲劳、心悸、蚁爬感、泌尿系症状评分及KI总分下降幅度显著大于对照组(均P0.05);两组干预后MENQOL总分及各维度评分显著低于干预前(均P0.05),观察组MENQOL总分及血管舒缩症状、心理状态和生理状态维度评分下降幅度显著大于对照组(均P0.05)。结论刮痧可有效缓解围绝经期综合征患者的症状,提高其生活质量。     

Calcium content of common food items in Chinese diet

Summary It has been shown that the amount of calcium consumed in childhood and adolescence has a role in determining the bone mass in later life. We recently showed that the daily calcium intake among Hong Kong Chinese is only 300–500 mg, which decreases with age. An investigation was thus made into the calcium content and other constituents of common food consumed by the local population. Test items included vegetables, rice, cooked food, and seasoning paste. The samples were first digested to remove organic constituent, and the mineral content was then analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that egg, beancurd, and sesame paste contain a high calcium content and, if consumed in sufficient amount, would provide a good source of calcium. In view of the high incidence of lactase deficiency and thus the difficulty in increasing intake of milk and milk products, increased consumption of other types of food with high calcium would be useful in improving the daily calcium intake.     

Perioperative management of a paediatric patient on the ketogenic diet

The ketogenic diet has become commonplace for the treatment of paediatric patients with refractory epilepsy. I describe the perioperative management of a patient on the ketogenic diet. The basis, complications and anaesthetic implications of the diet are discussed.     

The effect of a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet on post laparoscopic gastric bypass weight loss: a prospective randomized trial

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic gastric bypass has become the standard surgical treatment for severe obesity in the United States. Less clear is what diet should be followed by these patients after surgery to maximize their weight loss. METHODS: Patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass procedures for morbid obesity were randomly assigned to either a low-fat control diet based on American Heart Association recommendations or a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet based on the South Beach Diet. One-on-one diet counseling with a bariatric nutritionist was provided preoperatively, postoperatively while in the hospital, and at postoperative clinic visits during the 12-month follow-up period. Investigators were blinded to diet assignment. Body composition including Body Mass Index (BMI) was recorded preoperatively and during postoperative visits at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were included in the analysis with 13 control and 19 low-carbohydrate, high-protein subjects. No demographic or clinical preoperative variables, including preoperative BMI, showed statistical differences between the two groups. Both groups demonstrated significant yet similar weight loss both by reduction in BMI (at 12 months, low fat diet, -14.0 +/- 5.5% versus low carbohydrate, -17.0 +/- 4.5%; P = 0.15) and excess body weight lost (at 12 months, low-fat diet, -60.3 +/- 15.3% versus low carbohydrate, -59.6 +/- 13.0%; P = 0.96). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this limited prospective study, no weight loss advantage is observed in substituting a low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet in place of a standard low-fat diet in patients who have undergone laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.     

Calcium balance in young adults on a vegan and lactovegetarian diet

 For people in Western countries, the vegan diet has the advantage of low energy intake, but the calcium status of this strictly plant-based diet is still unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the calcium balance of individuals on a vegan diet in comparison with a lactovegetarian diet in a short-term investigation. Seven women and one man, ranging in age from 19 to 24 years, received during the first 10 days a vegan diet based on plant foods and calcium-rich mineral water and a lactovegetarian diet during the following 10 days. Portion size was adapted to the subjects' individual energy requirements. Calcium status was assessed by means of calcium intake in food and calcium output in feces and urine as measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In addition, deoxypyridinoline was measured in urine as a marker of bone resorption. The results show a significantly smaller daily calcium intake with an average of 843 ± 140 mg in the vegan versus 1322 ± 303 mg in the lactovegetarian diet. Apparent calcium absorption rates were calculated as 26% ± 15% in the vegan and 24% ± 8% in the lactovegetarian group (NS). The calcium balance was positive both in the vegan diet (119 ± 113 mg/day) and in the lactovegetarian diet (211 ± 136 mg/day) (NS). Deoxypyridinoline excretion showed no significant difference between the two diets (105 ± 31 and 98 ± 23 nmol/day). The present results indicate that calcium balance and a marker of bone turnover are not affected significantly when calcium is provided either solely by plant foods or by a diet including dairy products, despite the significantly different calcium intake levels in the diets. We conclude that a well-selected vegan diet maintains calcium status, at least for a short-term period. Received: February 12, 2002 / Accepted: July 12, 2002 Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the subjects for their conscientious participation and without whom this work would not have been possible. Offprint requests to: K. Kohlenberg-Mueller     

The association between plant-based diet and erectile function in Chinese young healthy men: A population-based study

The study was designed and conducted to evaluate the plant-based diet status and its association with erectile function (EF) in Chinese young healthy men. From July 2018 to May 2020, 116 objectively proved physically and psychologically healthy men were selected. Clinical questionnaires, detailed physical examinations and blood tests were all assessed. An overall plant-based diet index (PDI) and a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) were developed from each participant to measure plant-based diet quantitatively. The EF was measured by both the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the surrogated measures of endothelial function, peripheral levels of nitric oxide (NO) and E-selectin. In subjects, the mean PDI and hPDI were 53.8 ± 8.2 and 54.7 ± 8.9 respectively. Results of multivariate analysis showed that both PDI and hPDI were negatively associated with BMI (all p < .05), but had no relationships with NO, E-selectin, TT levels and IIEF-5 scores (all p > .05). In a subgroup of male population, Chinese young healthy men, the plant-based diet, measured by PDI and hPDI, was not related to erectile function. The population can adhere to plant-based diet to keep healthy without concerns of negative influence on erectile function.     

慢性心力衰竭患者限钠饮食执行现状调查

目的了解慢性心力衰竭患者限钠饮食执行现状并分析其相关因素。方法采用中文版限钠饮食问卷对182例住院慢性心力衰竭患者进行问卷调查。结果 173例(95.05%)慢性心力衰竭患者有低盐饮食医嘱,仅23例(12.64%)得到医护人员具体盐摄入量(5～6 g/d)的指导;17例(9.83%)总是严格遵循规定的低盐饮食,89例(51.45%)多数时候严格遵循;86例(49.71%)认为遵循规定的低盐饮食非常容易及容易;48例(27.75%)认为遵循低盐饮食对管理心脏状况很有帮助。限钠饮食问卷态度维度得分为(3.90±0.52)分,主观规范得分为(4.43±0.55)分,知觉行为控制得分为(3.01±1.13)分。单因素方差分析结果显示,不同文化程度患者的限钠饮食态度维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同性别患者的知觉行为控制维度得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论慢性心力衰竭患者限钠饮食执行不佳,尤其是在知觉行为控制方面。医护人员应重视对慢性心力衰竭患者执行限钠饮食阻碍因素的评估和干预,以提高患者限钠饮食依从性。     

New preparations of the elemental diet and the clinical application

In 1978, we designed a new elemental diet, ED-AC, which modified after Vivonex-HN with the co-operation of Ajinomoto Co., Japan and Morton-Norwich Co., U.S.A.. ED-AC is now being used widely in Japan for enteral hyper-alimentation, even in case of pediatric surgery. We have now prepared another elemental diet, this time for infants, ED-P (pediatric). The ratio of amino acids in both ED was determined according the proposal of Professor Goro Inoue, Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University. The application of ED, particularly for surgical patients, has been most effective. The use of this diet for enteral hyperalimentation should find a wide application in surgical and medical practice.     

Prospective randomized trial of early initiation and hospital discharge on a liquid diet following elective intestinal surgery

Length of hospital stay after elective intestinal surgery may be related to patient tolerance of a diet. We hypothesized that early initiation and discharge home on a clear liquid diet would decrease the length of hospital stay without increasing morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine if early initiation and discharge on a clear liquid diet decreases the length of hospital stay and is safe. Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to either a standard diet or a clear liquid diet. A standard diet (n = 17) was begun after the passage of flatus or stool, and consisted of clear liquids to a volume of approximately 750 ml, then three solid meals, and discharge thereafter. Patients randomized to a clear liquid diet (n -27) received 30 ml/hr of clear liquids on postoperative day 2, unlimited clear liquids on postoperative day 3, and were dismissed on a clear liquid diet on postoperative day 4. All patients were followed by a daily telephone call and clinic visit. The primary outcome variable was length of hospital stay. The incidence of postoperative intestinal-related sequelae, complications, and readmission rates did not differ between groups. Posl-discharge intestinal symptoms were common in both groups but tended to resolve faster in the patients on a standard diet. The length of hospital stay was decreased in the patients on a clear liquid diet compared to those on a standard diet (6.1 ±1.1 days vs. 4.4 ±0.2 days; P = 0.09), but total hospital costs did not differ. Early initiation and hospital discharge on a clear liquid diet after elective intestinal surgery decreases the length of hospital stay and is safe. Presented at the Fortieth Annual Meeting of The Soeiety for Surgery of the Mimentary Tract, Orlando, Fla., May 16–19. 1999.     

Disordered mineral metabolism produced by ketogenic diet therapy

Summary Vitamin D and mineral metabolism status was examined in five children maintained chronically on combined ketogenic diet-anticonvulsant drug therapy (KG), and the results compared to those obtained in 18 patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs alone (AD) and 15 normal controls. KG patients exhibited biochemical findings of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and calcium concentrations, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone concentrations, decreased urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and decreased bone mass. Although the KG and AD groups demonstrated similar reductions in serum 25OHD concentration, the KG patients exhibited a significantly greater reduction in bone mass. In response to vitamin D supplementation (5000 IU/day), mean bone mass in the KG group increased by 8.1±0.9% (P<0.001) over a 12-month period. These results suggest that ketogenic diet and anticonvulsant drug therapy have additive deleterious effects on bone mass and that these effects are partially reversible by vitamin D treatment.