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1.
目的探讨高龄(≥80岁)髋部骨折患者的手术治疗方法、术前合并症和术后并发症的预防和处理。方法回顾分析86例高龄髋部骨折的临床病例资料,统计分析麻醉和手术方法、手术时间、术后并发症情况等。结果除全髋关节外其他手术相对简单,术后严重并发症少,未出现与手术有关的并发症。结论高龄髋部骨折仍可采用外科手术治疗,其麻醉和手术方法应尽量简单有效,术前积极准备和术后积极预防、处理并发症是保证手术成功的关键。  相似文献   

2.
本文报告了177例经手术内固定治疗的60岁以上老年髋部骨折,分析了骨质疏松性髋部骨折的流行病学特点、致伤原因、手术时机、手术方式、术后处理、以及其与予后结果和并发症的关系。作者认为对老年性髋部骨质疏松性骨折,除早期手术、术式力求简便、固定确实外,术后应积极给予各种骨质疏松预防及治疗措施,术前应作必要检查以除外潜在代谢性骨病。  相似文献   

3.
目的总结老年髋部骨折合并帕金森病行手术治疗的风险及其对策。方法对本院收治的18例老年髋部骨折合并帕金森患者行手术治疗,对围手术期风险和并发症给予积极处理。结果 1例术后2月出现假体松动,进行了髋关节翻修手术;1例术后3天出现髋关节脱位,手法复位成功;2例出现肺部感染转内科治疗;1倒出现术后精神障碍对症处理后症状消失。其余患者髋关节功能恢复良好,无围手术期并发症发生。结论老年髋部骨折合并帕全森病患者围手术期并发症发生率较高,手术治疗时应充分评估,积极应对处理。  相似文献   

4.
目的探讨90岁以上髋部骨折患者的救治。方法回顾性分析损害控制外科技术在51例90岁以上髋部骨折患者围手术期中应用的救治经验,进一步研究骨科损害控制外科的方法及手术时机的把握。结果本组51例均得到救治并平稳出院,其中围手术期内无死亡、无感染并出院,3例3个月后死亡,死亡原因均为患者并存的其他系统疾病。结论在90岁以上髋部骨折患者的整个围手术期过程中应用损害控制外科技术,结合完善的术前准备、周围神经阻滞麻醉以及术后ICU复苏,能够提高手术的成功率,减少围手术期死亡,降低术后并发症的发生,显著提高手术治疗的成功率。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]比较动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw,DHS)、髓内钉、多枚钉3种内固定方法治疗老年人髋部骨折的疗效。[方法]1997年6月~2003年6月共收治60岁以上老年人髋部骨折患者178例。行手术内固定治疗128例,96例获得12~83个月(平均41.5个月)的随访,通过病例复习和随访,获得以下资料包括年龄、性别、手术方式、助能恢复及并发症发生情况。分别按手术方式、年龄分组比较其疗效和并发症发生情况。通过计算发生并发症患者的平均年龄,对手术风险性进行预测。[结果]本组96例,术后功能恢复良好79例,可及差17例;良好率82.3%。术后发生并发症11例,发生率11.5%,其中术后早期诱发原有合并症3例。DHS内固定组和髓内钉内固定组的功能恢复明显优于多枚钉内固定组(P〈0.05);70岁以上年龄组功能恢复明显差于70岁以下年龄组;以上比较均有统计学意义。11例发生并发症患者的平均年龄为82岁。其中术后早期诱发原有合并症的3例患者平均年龄为92岁.[结论]老年人髋部骨折因合理选择内固定材料,动力髋螺钉、髓内钉为首选,适用于各种不同类型的骨折。  相似文献   

6.
目的观察和分析脑血管意外髋部骨折术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的原因、预防和治疗。方法自1996年6月~2002年6月共进行脑血管意外髋部骨折手术145例,其中术后有下肢深静脉血栓42例,分析其形成的因素和治疗效果。结果有老年脑血管意外的髋部骨折手术145例,下肢深静脉血栓的发生率为29%。股骨颈骨折和转子间骨折的发生率差异不大,全静脉血栓发生的较多,患侧发病率高。结论患脑血管意外的易发生髋部骨折,患脑血管意外的髋部骨折术后可能有下肢深静脉血栓形成,其预防重于治疗,治疗的关键是早诊断早期治疗。  相似文献   

7.
对149例高龄髋部骨折术后患者进行多系统综合监测,结果术后出现心律失常15例,低血糖昏迷2例,脑梗死2例,均经对症处理存活;1例并发全身感染,引起多器官功能衰竭死亡;余129例无并发症,康复出院。提示对高龄髋部骨折患者术后进行严密监测与护理,保持有效供氧,加强循环系统监护和呼吸道管理,控制血压和血糖,重视基础护理,早期预防和治疗术后并发症,是提高手术成功率的关键。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨80岁以上髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者的治疗选择。 方法 回顾97例80岁以上髋部骨折患者采取手术、非手术治疗的结果。 结果 64例患者实施了手术治疗,术后3w内死亡10例,死亡原因:心功能衰竭3例,切口感染最终导致败血症、多系统器官功能衰竭2例,高血压病致颅内出血1例,呼吸衰竭1例,肝功能衰竭1例,多脏器功能衰竭1例,进食时误吸致呼吸心跳骤停死亡1例。其余54例手术的患者均顺利出院,随访1年,9例在1年内因各种原因死亡。45例患者髋关节功能根据Harris评分标准,优1例,良7例,中15例,差22例。非手术组共33例,随访1年,其中12例在伤后3月内、9例在伤后1年内死亡。有9例粗隆间骨折患者经卧床后骨折畸形愈合,3例股骨颈骨折患者,骨折没有愈合。髋关节功能根据Harris评分标准,中2例,差10例。结论 80岁以上高龄髋部骨质疏松性骨折患者病情复杂,合并症多,处理困难,手术可以降低死亡率,是治疗的首选。  相似文献   

9.
髋部骨折多见于老年人.因非手术治疗病死率高,远期关节功能差,故目前多主张手术治疗.但老年人手术耐受性差,易发生多种术后并发症,严重影响手术疗效.本文通过对95例老年髋部骨折进行回顾性研究,描述术后早期感染并发症的特征,并就其发生的危险因素进行统计分析.  相似文献   

10.
手术治疗高龄髋部骨折的围手术期并发症   总被引:42,自引:0,他引:42  
目的探讨手术治疗高龄(≥80岁)髋部骨折患者住院期间并发症的预防和处理方法。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2004年3月198例行手术治疗的高龄髋部骨折患者的病例资料,男55例,女143例;年龄80~98岁,平均85.2岁。股骨颈骨折93例,其中GardenⅠ型2例、Ⅱ型10例、Ⅲ型52例、Ⅳ型29例;股骨转子间骨折105例,其中EvanⅠ型3例、Ⅱ型37例、Ⅲ型39例、Ⅳ型26例。麻醉采用局麻加基础麻醉2例、全麻38例、连续硬膜外麻醉158例。股骨颈骨折的手术方法包括人工双极股骨头置换(骨水泥型)77例、全髋关节置换(混合型)13例、加压空心螺钉固定3例;股骨转子间骨折均采用闭合复位滑动式鹅头钉固定。结果人工股骨头置换平均手术时间53min,平均出血110ml;全髋关节置换平均手术时间94min,平均出血165ml;螺钉固定平均手术时间35min,平均出血30ml;滑动式鹅头钉固定平均手术时间40min,平均出血60ml。17例行关节置换者术中应用骨水泥时出现一过性血压下降。全部患者平均住院18.6d,住院期间死亡2例。术后36例(18.2%)出现并发症,其中中枢神经系统(13例)和心血管系统(13例)并发症最为高发。未出现与手术相关的并发症。入院至手术时间平均6d,其中7d以上者46例,术后出现并发症9例(19.6%);7d及以内者152例,出现并发症27例(17.8%),两者差异无统计学意义(%2=8.62,P>0.05)。结论高龄髋部骨折应尽量采用创伤小、快速的麻醉及手术方法,充分的术前准备和积极预防、正确处理并发症是保证手术成功的重要因素。  相似文献   

11.
Hip fractures are one of the leading causes for admission of elderly subjects to healthcare facilities. Because of population aging, the incidence of hip fractures has increased considerably over the last years and will continue to increase in industrialized countries. Hip fracture in an elderly subject may be life threatening and has a significant functional and social impact not only because of the fracture itself, but also because of the risk of complications related to the patient's health status and the long hospital stay. The purpose of this work was to identify in the published literature professional practices, excepting the surgical procedure, associated with better early and long-term outcome in elderly patients with hip fracture. Questions raised concerning the patient's hospital stay include factors related to the preoperative phase (time to surgery, usefulness of traction), the operation itself (antibiotic prophylaxis, anesthesia technique), and the postoperative phase (prevention of venous thrombosis, malnutrition, episodes of confusion, duration of indwelling bladder catheter, correction of anemia, geriatric care during the stay in the orthopedic ward, early and intense rehabilitation, prevention of recurrence). Among these factors, several appear to be associated with better outcome, including long-term outcome--surgery as early as possible in light of the patient's general status, antibiotic prophylaxis in accordance with standard recommendations (SFAR), prevention of venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin initiated at admission and associated with elastic contention. Oral nutritional support is probably beneficial and should be proposed for all patients. Particular attention must be given to prevention of confusion in order to reduce the rate of institutionalization. The rythm of rehabilitation exercises should be at least five sessions per week. Finally, there are several methods, which are effective in preventing recurrence, taking into account osteoporosis, risk of falls. Preventive measures should be instituted for all patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture.  相似文献   

12.
47 patients with a cervical hip fracture Garden 3 or 4 and fully ambulatory before the fracture, were randomized to either fixation with Hansson hook-pins (24 patients, median age 79 years) or to a Charnley hip replacement (23 patients, median age 80 years). the patients were followed for 2 years. Social function was evaluated using a standard questionnaire.

There were no postoperative deaths and no significant differences in hospital stay. 9/24 patients treated with hook-pins developed healing complications and 2 dislocations occurred in the THR group. After 1 and 2 years, fewer patients treated with hip replacement used outdoor walking aids; they were also more likely to do their own shopping.

Hip replacement is a good choice when treating healthy older people with displaced cervical hip fractures, when primary mortality is expected to be low and the risk of healing complications after nailing is high.  相似文献   

13.
人工髋关节置换早期并发症分析(附36例报告)   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的探讨人工髋关节置换的早期并发症的原因及其防治。方法回顾分析了831例人工髋关节置换术病例,其中股骨头置换648例,全髋置换183例,分析了早期并发症的原因,总结其防治措施。结果36(4.3%)例出现了早期并发症,其中伤口感染3例,血肿2例,脱位2例,股骨上段劈裂5例,神经损伤1例,下肢深静脉血栓23例。结论严格手术适应证,正确手术操作,强调手术前准备、手术后处理是减少早期并发症发生的关键。  相似文献   

14.
Background The aims of this study were to quantify the risk and identify the causes of early postoperative mortality after total hip arthroplasty. This would help clinicians address preventable causes of death and help in accurate counseling and consenting of patients.

Methods We determined the death rate at 90 days in an unselected consecutive series of 1,727 primary total hip arthroplasties where patients had not routinely received chemothromboprophylaxis.

Results The mortality at 90 days was 17/1,727 (1%). The 90-day mortality was 0.2% in patients under 70 years of age, 1.3% in patients between 70 and 80, and 2.5% in those over 80. 7 patients died from ischemic heart disease, 4 died following cerebrovascular events, and 2 from pulmonary embolism. 4 patients died from non-vascular causes. Of the vascular deaths, ischemic heart disease outnumbered cerebrovascular events which, in turn, outnumbered pulmonary embolism (7 vs. 4 vs. 2).

Interpretation Strategies aimed at reducing deaths should address all vascular causes, not just pulmonary embolism. Our findings can be used to inform patients as to the risk of early death after total hip arthroplasty.  相似文献   

15.
This study was designed to determine risk factors and individual dispositions associated with morbidity and mortality in the operative treatment of hip fractures in elderly patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a prospective clinical trial, a consecutive series of 278 patients (mean age: 78.7 +/- 6.2 years) with a hip fracture treated by internal fixation or arthroalloplasty was recorded prospectively concerning preexistent diseases and risk factors. Based upon a multivariate analysis the data were related to perioperative complications and mortality. A follow-up during the first postoperative year was performed to determine mortality rate and causes of deaths. Polymorbidity within the meaning of 3 preexistent diseases was present in 117 cases; a solitary disease was found in 25 patients. Only 19 patients were without significant risks representing a comorbidity of 93.2%. In 64.4% diseases of the cardiovascular system were detected followed by diabetes mellitus (21.9%) and diseases of the respiratory tract (20.1%). RESULTS: In the postoperative course systemic complications were observed in 118 patients indicating a general morbidity of 42.4%. According to the preexistent diseases recorded, cardiovascular complications (25.5%), obstructive ventilatory diseases (10.1%) and pneumonias (12.2%) were the most common complications. During hospital stay 21 patients died (mortality: 7.6%). A total of 76 patients died during the first postoperative year corresponding to a mortality rate of 27.3%. Postoperative complications were observed in patients with polymorbidity at 68.4% which differs significantly with the morbidity of low-risk patients at 23.6% (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed a combination of polymorbidity and age beyond 78 years as significant risk factors towards morbidity and mortality. In detail, a prevalence of cardiovascular insufficiency, pulmonary disease and disturbance of renal function was found to be a significant disposition. CONCLUSIONS: During the preoperative course high risk patients should be identified according to the data presented above in order to take all measures necessary in critical care during the perioperative period. Furthermore, the results underline the importance of an early operative treatment within a posttraumatic period of 12-24 hours. Concerning the method of fracture stabilization procedures allowing a primary full loading should be favoured with regard to early rehabilitation.  相似文献   

16.
目的:分析人工髋关节置换术中、术后发生假体周围骨折的原因,探讨其预防措施和治疗方法。方法:总结自1995年7月至2006年8月总共640例人工髋关节置换术患者,其中18例发生假体周围骨折,术中骨折11例(股骨距骨折7例,假体柄下端骨折4例),术后骨折7例(假体柄下端、远端骨折),男性12例,女性6例,平均年龄68岁(51~79岁),按照髋关节假体置换术后骨折的AAOS分型Ⅰ型1例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型4例,Ⅳa型4例,Ⅳb型2例,Ⅴ型1例,Ⅵ型2例,其中术中假体周围骨折11例有10例予立即内固定,1例(Ⅱ型)股骨距劈裂骨折无明显移位未做内固定,仅延迟下地负重时问;术后假体周围骨折7例有4例在两周内行手术内固定,2例合并假体松动而采用全髋关节翻修术,1例(Ⅵ型)假体远端骨折因身体原因无法手术而采取保守治疗予以骨牵引4周后改石膏外固定。结果:术后平均随访时间15.2个月(6—42个月),15例患者骨折均达到骨性愈合,2例发生骨折延迟愈合,保守治疗的1例患者术后6个月拍片示骨折畸形愈合,术后8个月因内科疾病死亡。Harris评分平均80分(67-92分)。结论:术中暴力、股骨髓腔发育异常、假体型号过大、骨质疏松是术中假体周围骨折发生的主要原因,骨溶解、假体松动、骨质疏松加外伤是术后发生假体周围骨折的主要原因,根据不同分型采用不同的治疗方法以促进骨折愈合,稳定假体,减少卧床时间和并发症(尤其对高龄患者更为重要),尽早恢复功能。  相似文献   

17.
目的:观察人工髋关节置换治疗高龄重度骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折病人的中期临床疗效。方法对2008年1月至2011年5月收治的71例高龄重度骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折患者采用人工髋关节置换术,并随访其疗效。结果本组71例(72髋),其中2例(2髋)采用全髋关节置换,69例(70髋)采用人工双动股骨头置换;年龄80~89岁,平均85.5岁。无一例术中休克或死亡。术后均在2~3 d下床活动,无肺炎、褥疮等并发症发生。随访时间11~72个月,平均47.7个月,术后死亡15例:术后1年内有7例;术后第2年有4例;术后第3年有3例;术后第4年有1例,其余病例均骨折愈合良好,未发生假体下沉、松动现象,术后行走功能恢复正常(术后Harris评分平均84.5分)。结论人工关节置换治疗高龄重度骨质疏松性股骨粗隆间骨折,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少卧床时间及并发症的发生,有利于早期功能恢复,但应严格掌握手术指征,远期疗效则需要进一步观察。  相似文献   

18.
Warfarin is considered as a narrow therapeutic drug-an agent for which small changes in dosage can lead to significant changes in response. The precision of warfarin treatment is especially relevant in an acute-care setting. In this study, we examined the effect of various risk factors on warfarin response in the early postoperative period after total joint arthroplasty and hip fracture fixation. A total of 260 patients placed on warfarin for thrombosis prophylaxis were retrospectively studied. Risk factors for warfarin sensitivity include age 80 years or older and hip fracture fixation. Patients aged 80 years or older who had hip fracture fixation were 4.7 times more likely to experience an international normalized ratio (INR) at or greater than 4.0 than other patients (therapeutic target range of INR, 1.8-2.2). The largest subtherapeutic risk group in this study were men weighing 180 lb or more. They were 5.7 times less likely to achieve an INR of 1.6 than the other patients. Factors such as body weight, age, and gender should be considered when ordering warfarin therapy. Current hospital warfarin sliding scales should be reviewed for their efficacy to ensure that the target outcome is achieved.  相似文献   

19.
In Germany the decision to implant a bipolar prosthesis in patients with femoral neck fracture depends mainly on the patient's age and general condition. Taking into account the clinical results to date, however, these criteria alone appear not to be adequate. In our hospital 182 patients were provided with a bipolar prosthesis between January 1986 and February 1989 after traumatic hip fracture. By June 1990, the end of this investigation, 56% had died. In a retrospective study of the 67 surviving patients 25 (6-48) months postoperatively, we found that the results obtained with this bipolar prosthesis were comparable to those seen with total hip endoprostheses according to the Harris hip function score and to radiological findings regarding the frequency of loose stems and protrusion. We also employed a standardized system to evaluate the clinical condition of each patient preoperatively as well as the intra- and postoperative complications. These clinical data were compared with the postoperative survival and the Harris hip score. We found: (1) Good to excellent results in 45% (greater than 80 points), satisfactory results in 52% (51-80 points) and poor results in 3% after a period of up to 48 months. Good to excellent functional results were frequently obtained in healthy older patients. (2) Life expectancy in our group of 182 patients was shorter than in the normal population of the same age. (3) The reduced life expectancy was not attributable to the fracture trauma or the operation but rather to preexisting unrelated causes. In fact the fracture trauma itself often appeared to be a result of the patient's preexisting bad health.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
《Injury》2022,53(8):2818-2822
ObjectivePostoperative pneumonia is among the most common complications in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. We implemented a proactive postoperative pneumonia prevention protocol and analyzed the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients (≥70 years of age) receiving this protocol after hip fracture surgery versus those receiving usual care before the protocol's implementation at our institution.Materials and MethodsFrom November 2018 to October 2019, the proactive postoperative pneumonia prevention protocol was implemented. The treatment included intensified physical therapy, postoperative pulmonary exercises and oral care, in addition to the usual surgical treatment for elderly patients with hip fracture. The intervention cohort data were compared with a historical control cohort treated from July 2017 to June 2018. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in both groups, diagnosed according to the presence of two of three of the following: elevated infection parameters, radiologic examination confirmation of pneumonia of the chest or clinical suspicion.ResultsA total of 494 patients (n= 249 in the historical control cohort and n=245 in the intervention cohort) were included. A total of 69 patients developed postoperative pneumonia. The incidence of postoperative pneumonia was significantly lower (6.7 percentage points) in the group receiving the proactive postoperative pneumonia prevention protocol (17.3% in the historical control cohort vs 10.6% in the intervention cohort; p=0.033).Discussion and ConclusionA proactive postoperative pneumonia prevention protocol showed promise in decreasing the occurrence of postoperative pneumonia after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.  相似文献   

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