异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

脱细胞异体真皮基质支架网加自体刃厚皮对32例切削痂创面应用体会

目的探讨解决大面积深度烧伤创面修复时自体全厚皮皮源不足,及中厚皮术后有较重回缩,供皮区再次遗留瘢痕等临床问题。方法对32例大中面积深度烧伤患者和肉芽创面患者采用切痂,削痂及肉芽创面以手术刀切除肉芽组织和纤维板后,做脱细胞异体真皮支架网加自体刃厚皮联合移植。结果切痂创面15例,术后皮片全部愈合。削痂创面6例,其中1例术后第5天溶解,余5例全部愈合。烧伤肉芽创面11例,皮片成活良好全部愈合。经术后1~6年随访,患者受皮区外观平整。色泽较深,柔软,弹性好,无瘢痕增生。供皮区愈合良好,未见瘢痕增生。结论脱细胞异体真皮基质支架网加自体刃厚皮对烧伤创面起到全厚皮作用,减少创面收缩,还能抑制肉芽组织过度增生和瘢痕形成,是一种较为理想的真皮替代物。     

复合皮移植修复烧伤功能部位创面疗效评价

目的探讨脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复深度烧伤功能部位创面的疗效。方法 2002年6月-2008年12月,收治30例烧伤及瘢痕整形患者共42个创面。男25例,女5例;年龄3～52岁,中位年龄31岁。烧伤24例35个创面,其中深Ⅱ度23个创面,Ⅲ度12个创面;病程3～45 d,平均24 d。瘢痕整形6例7个创面;病程9～21 d,平均16 d。42个创面分别位于颈部2个,手部4个,前臂及肘部8个,肩部3个,腘窝6个,膝部4个,小腿及足踝部15个。彻底清创、削痂及切除瘢痕后,创面范围为10 cm×10 cm～30 cm×20 cm。采用一步法将脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复创面。结果术后27例39个(92.9%)创面复合皮移植完全成活;3例3个(7.1%)创面复合皮部分坏死,分别经换药和自体皮片移植术后愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间30～34个月,平均32个月。复合皮有轻度色素沉着,外观平整,质地柔软,弹性好,皮肤耐磨;复合皮无挛缩及瘢痕增生,功能部位活动正常。刃厚皮供皮区未见瘢痕增生。结论脱细胞同种异体真皮与自体刃厚皮复合移植修复功能部位深度烧伤及瘢痕整形创面,可获得良好外形及功能。     

无细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的：改善烧伤创面移植皮片愈合后皮肤的外形和功能,并减轻供皮区瘢痕增生。方法：应用自制的无细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片复合移植于4例切（或削）痂后的烧伤创面。结果：未发现对复合移植皮片的排异反应。创面愈合后,大体观察发现移植自体网状皮片及自体小皮片的轮廓界面变得不明显或基本消失,自体大张皮片与真皮基质复合移植区出现较厚而特殊的脱屑,均反映了愈合过程的特殊性。光镜和电镜观察发现复合皮片移植区棘细胞间桥粒清晰,基底膜连续而完整等。与对照部位相比,复合皮片移植区瘢痕增生减轻,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。结论：在3－4个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与无细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态等同或优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植。     

自体网状皮片与异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的临床应用

目的：探讨1：3自体网状皮片与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的可行性。方法：选择9例烧伤及瘢痕患者，在Ⅲ度烧伤创面行切痂术或瘢痕切除术后的创面上移植异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质，摊平固定后，在支架上再植1：3网状自体刃厚皮片，表面再覆盖辐照猪皮。结果：9例复合移植皮肤全部成活，临床效果满意。结论：1：3自体网状刃厚片可以与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植，同时将自体皮扩增3倍，成活后的复合网状皮片有相当于中厚皮片或者全厚皮片移植的效果。     

保守削痂自体皮移植临床疗效观察

对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面进行保守削痂自体刃厚皮移植术,能尽量保留真皮厚度,减轻瘢痕挛缩程度,改善创面外观及功能.2007年11月-2009年1月,笔者单位采用保守削痂+自体皮移植术修复Ⅱ～Ⅲ度创面,收到较好的效果.     

保守削痂自体皮移植临床疗效观察

对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面进行保守削痂自体刃厚皮移植术,能尽量保留真皮厚度,减轻瘢痕挛缩程度,改善创面外观及功能.2007年11月-2009年1月,笔者单位采用保守削痂+自体皮移植术修复Ⅱ～Ⅲ度创面,收到较好的效果.     

保守削痂自体皮移植临床疗效观察

对深Ⅱ度烧伤创面进行保守削痂自体刃厚皮移植术,能尽量保留真皮厚度,减轻瘢痕挛缩程度,改善创面外观及功能.2007年11月-2009年1月,笔者单位采用保守削痂+自体皮移植术修复Ⅱ～Ⅲ度创面,收到较好的效果.     

复合皮混合移植早期修复踝关节深度烧伤创面

目的：总结复合皮混合移植早期修复踝关节深度烧伤创面的手术方法及临床效果。方法2006年9月至2010年10月．本组12例含踝关节深度烧伤的病例。烧伤总面积18％-65％,Ⅲ度5％-35％TBSA,烧伤后72小时内行踝关节深度创面削痂。采用J-Ⅰ型异体脱细胞真皮（北京桀亚莱福生物技术有限责任公司）与自体刃厚皮片复合移植修复。复合皮移植面积10Cm×8Cm．18em×12cm。结果术后2例因皮下积血部分皮缺血坏死脱落,肉芽形成Ⅱ期自体皮移植修复,其余均Ⅰ期愈合。随访2-24个月,踝关节外形及功能满意。结论早期削痂复合皮移植是修复踝关节深度烧伤创面的理想方法之一。     

大鼠深Ⅱ度烧伤创面保留变性真皮并覆盖自体皮疗效观察

目的为探讨自体皮覆盖变性真皮修复深Ⅱ度烧伤创面的可行性提供实验依据。方法在大鼠背部造成直径3.5cm深Ⅱ度烧伤创面。伤后2—5d行创面浅层削痂保留变性真皮,同时在局部移植大张自体断层皮片。移植前和移植后不同时相点分别切取植皮区全层皮肤,光镜下观察其形态学及胶原纤维变化,并检测其生物力学改变。取移植大鼠同体背部正常皮肤作为对照指标。结果(1)保留的变性真皮为玻璃样变性。(2)大鼠自体皮移植术后7d,皮片与创面融合无法分离,光镜下可见真皮乳头及网状层。术后21d移植部位皮肤厚度、结构、形态与正常组织相似,有萎缩毛囊,胶原纤维条索密度逐渐增大接近融合。(3)鼠皮抗拉强度、最大应变值在术后逐渐增大,至60d时接近正常。结论将自体皮覆盖于变性真皮上用以修复深Ⅱ度烧伤创面,变性真皮能够逐渐复苏,使其结构、形态接近正常。     

真皮及脂肪穹隆结构与烧伤后增生性瘢痕形成关系的临床研究

目的　探讨烧伤后创面真皮组织缺损、脂肪穹隆结构破坏对增生性瘢痕形成的影响。方法　选择四肢部位需要削痂的深Ⅱ度烧伤患者 2 4例 ,共 5 4个创面。削痂术中根据创面真皮脂肪颗粒的暴露程度分为 3组 :脂肪不暴露为A组 ,脂肪暴露少为B组 ,脂肪暴露多为C组 ;再根据削痂后创面是否植皮又相应分组 :A组未植皮组、植刃厚皮组 ,B组未植皮组、植刃厚皮组 ,C组植刃厚皮组、植中厚皮组 ;每小组 9个创面。用KS4 0 0型图像分析仪测量各组患者的真皮厚度及脂肪颗粒暴露率 ;术后 6个月 ,用温哥华瘢痕评估量表评估患者瘢痕随访情况。　结果　各组患者的真皮厚度及脂肪暴露率比较 ,差异有显著性或非常显著性意义 (P <0.0 5或 0 .0 1 ) ;随着真皮缺损的增加 ,创面脂肪暴露率也相应增加 ,两者呈正相关 (γ =0.5 5 4,P <0.0 5)。A组瘢痕温哥华评分明显低于B、C组 (P<0.0 5 );B组未植皮组评分为 3.71 4± 0 .4 98,显著高于其他组 (P <0.0 1 );创面移植与缺损厚度近似的真皮 ,其瘢痕评分相应减少 ;随着脂肪暴露率增加 ,其瘢痕评分也增加 (P <0.0 5 )。　 结论　烧伤后 ,真皮组织缺损程度与增生性瘢痕的增生程度密切相关 ,而脂肪穹隆结构的破坏也是瘢痕形成过程中不容忽视的重要原因之一。     

Efficacy of hydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting in the treatment of deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns: A two-year retrospective study

IntroductionDeep partial-thickness and full-thickness burn wounds often undergo tangential excision or escharectomy to expose healthy tissue, combined with skin grafting to promote wound healing. However, conventional tangential excision with the humby knife leads to inevitable damage to the dermis while excising burn tissue due to the lack of precision. Indeed, the preservation of dermal tissue is a key factor in determining wound healing and scar quality. The precision and tissue selectivity of the Versajet Hydrosurgical System has been established for excising burn tissue while preserving dermal tissue. In this study, we retrospectively compared the efficacy of "Hydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting" and "Conventional tangential excision combined with skin grafting" in treating deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burn wounds to demonstrate that hydrosurgery improved the treatment of deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burns.MethodsA total of 86 patients with deep partial-thickness and/or full-thickness burns with a total burn surface area (TBSA) ≤ 25% from July 2018 to July 2020 were included in this study and were divided into experimental (hydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting, n = 43) and control (conventional tangential excision combined with skin grafting, n = 43) groups. Parameters were analyzed, including the intraoperative blood loss volume per unit area of grafted skin, surgery duration, wound healing time, skin graft survival, and the treatment costs per unit of burned area. Scar assessment was performed at 1 year with the modified Vancouver Scar Scale linked with TBSA (mVSS-TBSA).ResultNo significant difference was found in male to female ratio, age, weight, TBSA, burn depth, skin grafting area (SKA), skin grafting methods, cases treated with carbon dioxide fractional laser or incidence of inhalation injury, and the incidence of hypovolemic shock between two groups(p > 0.05). Compared with the control group, patients treated with hydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting experienced less intraoperative blood loss volume per unit area of grafted skin (p < 0.05). The mVSS-TBSA of patients that underwent hydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting was significantly improved in comparison to the control group (p < 0.01). No significant difference was found in surgery duration, wound healing time, skin graft survival and treatment costs per unit of burned area between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionHydrosurgical excision combined with skin grafting reduced intraoperative blood loss volume per unit area of grafted skin, improved scarring 1-year after injury, and did not increase the treatment costs per unit of burned area. This technique provides a novel alternative for managing deep partial-thickness and full-thickness burn wounds.     

A hypothesis of the healing of deep dermal burns and the significance for treatment

Deep dermal burns heal by a combination of new connective tissue formation (granulation) and epithelialization. In deep dermal wounds, which are unhealed after 14 days of conservative treatment, epithelialization can be enhanced by abrasion either alone or combined with provision of a skin graft. Some 42 burn wounds in 25 patients treated by this method have healed quickly and with good results. This method represents a move away from the current trend of early tangential excision and grafting of burn wounds and raises the possibility of developing a regime with the advantages but not the disadvantages of early tangential excision and grafting.     

Grafting of deeply burned problem zones in the lower extremity with a dermal substitute

Functional results after deep excision and split thickness skin grafts are often limited as a consequence of unstable grafted areas and contractures. In two patients with a full-thickness thermal injury to the lower extremities and one patient with a chronic unstable skin area over the knee, the Integra^TM bilayered membrane dermal substitute was applied. After uneventful dressing changes graft take was complete without infection or other complications. Complete wound closure was achieved in all three patients within 3–4 weeks after the initial operation. The functional range of motion of the involved joints and the skin quality and contour was superior to conventional grafted skin after excision down to fascia and rather more comparable to skin grafts over a tangentially excised eschar. After wound healing, the neodermis was histologically similar to normal dermis. Considering the high incidence of unstable skin and contractures after regular grafting of deeply excised burns, this concept may present a significant improvement not only for the primary but also for secondary reconstructive procedures, with respect to the long-term quality of life for burn patients. Received: 1 December 1997 / Accepted: 13 June 1998     

保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤的远期疗效观察

目的观察保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤的远期疗效。方法对86例患者的152只深度烧伤手经削刮痂保留变性真皮后,行大张自体皮移植术。术后观察疗效并作随访,时间为3个月—3年,对手部皮肤的颜色、弹性、挛缩程度及功能进行评级。结果152只手中外观及功能优良者141只,占92.8%。结论保留变性真皮并移植大张自体皮修复手部深度烧伤,术后外观及功能恢复较好,是修复手部深度烧伤创面的较佳选择。     

全颜面部深度烧伤的临床治疗

目的探讨提高患者全颜面部深度烧伤创面修复质量的处理方式。方法将54例全颜面部深度烧伤患者分为延期植皮组(48例)和早期切痂组(6例)。伤后3周对延期植皮组患者实施剥、削痂或手术刀柄刮除新生肉芽组织至基底层,在全颜面部分区进行自体中厚皮片移植术;早期切痂组患者于伤后1周行切痂术,其他处理同延期植皮组。观察两组患者首次手术时间、面部手术时间、手术总次数、手术前后血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、术中输血量及出血量,随访观察患者治愈后的情况。结果两组患者的首次手术时间、手术总次数、手术前后Hb浓度及术中输血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。延期植皮组患者面部手术时间为(21．9±3．2)d,较早期切痂组(12．6±1．3)d晚 (P<0．05);延期植皮组术中出血量(98±52)ml/100 cm2,明显少于早期切痂组(331±121)ml/100 cm2(P<0．01)。延期植皮组患者创面愈合后较早期切痂组面部外观丰满,皮肤弹性好,表情丰富。术后两组患者均出现不同程度小口畸形、双眉缺失,80％的患者出现睑外翻,皮片缝接处遗有增生性瘢痕等,经多次整形手术予以矫正。结论全颜面部深度烧伤患者行自体中厚皮片分区移植,创面无论采用早期切痂,还是延期剥、削痂或完全清除新生肉芽组织至基底层,均可取得较为满意的治疗效果;与前者相比,后者术中出血少,术后外观、功能恢复好;同时术后有效的物理治疗和有计划地进行后遗畸形整形手术,也是保障其治疗效果的重要因素。     

Viability of skin subjected to deep partial skin thickness thermal damage: experimental studies

Secondary tissue loss in burn wounds (due to necrosis in the zone of stasis) is interpreted as a sequel of progressive vascular occlusion and dehydration of thermally damaged tissue. In this study on rats, delayed healing represented an additional factor in determining the fate of tissue that had sustained deep partial skin thickness burns. Early revascularization induced by excision and subsequent replantation of the burned skin resulted in survival of a large part of the corium. Replantation reduced the loss of full thickness skin seen in controls left to heal spontaneously to partial loss in treated wounds. The experiments substantiate the theory that deep partial skin thickness thermal damage is at least partly reversible and indicate that with tangential excision of dermal burns a viable part of the corium is sacrificed. This deeper part of the corium can be saved by early excision and replantation.