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1.
In vitro bovine cervical mucus (BCM) penetration tests, sperm penetration assays (SPA) using zona-free hamster eggs, and routine semen analyses were performed on a total of 136 freshly collected semen samples from men who were seen at an infertility clinic. The correlations between bovine cervical mucus penetration and other semen parameters were the percent motile spermatozoa (r = 0.48), progressive motility grade (r = 0.44), sperm count (X 10(6)/ml) (r = 0.47), the percent normal morphology (r = 0.32) and the percent eggs penetrated (r = 0.46) (P less than 0.0001 for each correlation coefficient). When known fertile (n = 32) and infertile (n = 18) groups were tested, positive mucus penetration was associated 75% correctly and positive egg penetration was associated 90% correctly to clinical status. The mucus test had no false-negative results and the SPA had no false-positive results in these groups. It appears, then, that the mucus test and sperm penetration assay, although contributing different elements of data to an infertility evaluation, are both useful adjuncts to a semen analysis.  相似文献   

2.
Cryopreserved sperm exhibit lower fertilizing capacity in comparison to fresh sperm, partly due to effects of glycerol as the common cryoprotectant medium. Since standard semen analysis is not a good predictive method to assess sperm fertilizing capacity, functional tests like cervical mucus penetration may provide more useful information. A total of 24 semen samples were examined before and after cryopreservation for sperm parameters as well as number and motility of penetrated sperm into bovine cervical mucus (BCM) as an alternative for human cervical mucus. Freezing and thawing procedures have negative effects on sperm penetration into cervical mucus. No significant relation was noticed between sperm motility percentage or its penetration into BCM before and after cryopreservation, which denotes the variability in resistance of sperm to damaging effects of freezing.  相似文献   

3.
Penetration of bovine cervical mucus (BCMP) by human spermatozoa has been reported to be a test that may aid in assessment of male fertility. We determined the predictive value of BCMP for conception in 127 infertile couples. Fresh semen and swim-up specimens were tested with the Penetrak assay. Out of 127 patients 16 (13%) achieved pregnancy with 6 months to 2 years of follow-up. In the 62 men with sperm counts of greater than 20 million/ml and motility of greater than 60%, 55 (89%) had adequate BCMP while adequate penetration was found in only eight of 24 (33%) with both sperm count and motility below these values (p less than 0.001). A normal BCMP did not predict pregnancy, and a reduced BCMP had no prognostic value in designating couples not likely to conceive. The comparison of penetration values for semen following swim-up suggests that this preparation may improve the correlation of BCMP with fertility. These results indicate that the semen parameters of sperm density and percent motility predicted spermatozoal performance in the BCMP assay, and that the assessment of BCMP did not predict the likelihood of pregnancy.  相似文献   

4.
Application of a bovine cervical mucus penetration test   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
One hundred seventy-eight ejaculates obtained from infertility patients were evaluated by routine semen analysis and by a bovine cervical mucus penetration test (BCMPT). A significant correlation (p less than 0.01) was observed between mucus penetration and both sperm count (r = 0.349) and sperm motility (r = 0.394). One hundred fifty-two of 178 patients (85%) had normal sperm counts (greater than 20 x 10(6)/ml). Of these patients, 68% had good (greater than 30 mm), 26% had questionable (21-30 mm), and 7% had abnormal (less than 20 mm) penetration values. One hundred sixty-one of 178 patients (90%) had normal sperm motilities (greater than 40%). Of these patients, 71% had good, 25% had questionable, and 4% had abnormal penetration values. Conversely, 46% and 18% of patients with abnormal sperm count and motility, respectively, had normal penetration values (greater than 30 mm). A significant relationship (p less than 0.05) was observed between the BCMPT and pregnancy problems not apparent by semen analysis data, and may prove to be a useful adjunct to the use of routine semen analysis in evaluating male fertility.  相似文献   

5.
The filtration capacity of bovine cervical mucus (BCM), fresh bovine cervical mucus (FBCM) or frozen and thawed bovine mucus (BCMF) was studied, using human-ejaculated spermatozoa in comparison with the properties of human cervical mucus (HCM).
Thirty semen specimens of good quality were used in cervical mucus (CM) penetrations, using capillary tubes containing CM of 30 HCM, 77 FBCM and 77 BCMF samples. Spermiocytograms were carried out on semen and cervical mucus at 1st and 3rd centimeter of the capillary tube after one hour of incubation. Smears were stained by Papanicolau and the patterns of seven forms of sperm cells (normal, tapering, macrocephals, microcephals, pinhead, neck pathology and amorphous cells) were counted on a total of 100 cells in each slide.
A clear, highly significant ( P < 0.0001) selection of cells penetrating the CM has been shown, preventing certain abnormal forms from penetrating the CM (macrocephals, neck pathology and amorphous cells) and enabling good penetration of normal sperm forms and moderate penetration of tapering, microcephals and pinhead cells. On the average, a specimen with normal sperm forms of 72% showed a spermiocytogram of 90% normal forms at the 3rd centimeter of migration. The same patterns of filtration were recorded in all the three sources of CM. It is suggested that BCM be used as a filter towards abnormal sperm forms in a highly teratozoospermic ejaculate in order to improve its quality for artificial inseminations.  相似文献   

6.
Semen from 15 healthy volunteers was assessed for basic semen measures every 2 weeks over a 6-month period to determine the relative stability of these factors. The parameters were: sperm count, semen volume, sperm motility, and normal morphology, along with the type of abnormal morphologic forms. Basic semen measures were generally more stable than the morphologic forms. Using three samples, seven semen factors (sperm count, normal morphology, semen volume, sperm motility, microcephaly, tapering and round tail) were found to be stable and contributed to the identification of the fifteen individuals with a classification accuracy of 75.0%. While individuals do have characteristic patterns of spermatogenesis, the biologic basis for these findings is as yet undetermined.  相似文献   

7.
B. SCHÜTTE 《Andrologia》1987,19(Z1):217-224
Summary: Semen samples from 89 men were analyzed and evaluated with a standardized bovine cervical mucus penetration test (Penetrak®). 29 patients had a normozoospermia, 22 patients a teratozoospermia and 38 patients an oligozoospermia of various degree. The most important parameters of semen analysis were compared with sperm mucus penetration. The sperm mucus penetration test correlated best with progressive motility (r = 0.6758), followed by total motility (r = 0.6302), sperm count (r = 0.6190), and % normal spermatozoa (r = 0.5493) (p < 0.01 for each correlation coefficient). In the group of patients with normozoospermia 6 cases had been detected with insufficient sperm mucus penetration and in both groups with subfertility 15 cases with adequate sperm mucus penetration. 8 semen samples with normal sperm count and normal sperm motility were used for IVF. Only 6 patients with normal sperm penetration (> 30 mm/ 90′) the spermatozoa fertilized the ova, but not from two patients, who had a sperm mucus penetration of less than 30 mm/90′. The study demonstrated that standardized bovine mucus penetration test detects disturbances of sperm motility which may not be discovered by conventional semen analysis. Zusammenfassung: Penetrationsfähigkeit menschlicher Spermatozoen in standardisierten Rinderzervikalschleim (Penetrak®) bei Patienten mit normalem und pathologischem Spermiogramm Die vorliegende Studie umfaßt 89 Manner, bei denen, neben den klassischen Spermiogramm-Parametern, die Penetration der Spermatozoen in Rinderzervikalschleim mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Testes (Penetrak®) geprüft wurde. 29 Patienten hatten eine Normozoospermie, 22 Patienten eine Teratozoospermie und 38 Patienten eine Oligozoospermie unterschiedlichen Schweregrades. Bei Vergleich der wichtigsten Spermiogrammparameter mit der Penetrationstiefe der Spermatozoen in den Rinderzervikalschleim ergab sich, daß die Penetrationstiefe der Spermatozoen am besten mit der Progressivmotilität korreliert (r = 0.6758), gefolgt von der Gesamtmotilität (r = 0.6302) der Spermatozoendichte (r = 0.6190) und dem prozentualen Anteil normal geformter Spermatozoen (r = 0.5493) (p < 0.01). In der Gruppe der Patienten mit einer Normozoospermie konnten 6 Fälle erfaßt werden, die einen unzureichenden Spermatozoenpenetrationstest aufwiesen, dem gegenüber in den beiden Gruppen mit einer Subfertilität 15 Patienten mit normalem Spermatozoenpenetrationstest. Von 8 Patienten mit normaler Spermatozoendichte, normaler Spermatozoenmotilität und weitgehend normaler Spermatozoenmorphologie wurde das Ejakulat für IVF benutzt. Zur Fertilisation der Eier kam es jedoch nur bei den Patienten, insgesamt 6, die auch einen normalen Spermatozoenpenetrationstest hatten (> 30 mm/90′), nicht jedoch bei zwei Männern, bei denen der Spermatozoenpenetrationstest unter 30 mm/90′ lag. Aufgrund der vorliegenden Ergebnisse kann festgestellt werden, daß mit Hilfe des standardisierten Rinderzervikalschleim-Penetrationstestes offensichtlich Störungen der Spermatozoenmotilität aufgedeckt werden können, die im konventionellen Spermiogramm nicht erfaßt werden.  相似文献   

8.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) have been correlated with traditional semen parameters such as forward motility and sperm count. ATP and ADP were determined by a bioluminescence assay using the luciferin-luciferase reaction. Short boiling of the ejaculate was performed to inactivate phosphatases (ATPases) in the seminal plasma and the sperm tails. Fresh and deep-frozen semen samples from 45 men with oligozoospermia (n = 22) and normal sperm count (n = 23) were evaluated. Freezing of the sperm for 12 weeks did not effect the ATP or ADP content in the spermatozoa as compared to fresh semen. ATP and ADP concentration was in the range of picomoles/microliter and showed a significant correlation with the number of normal sperm per milliliter and a less marked correlation with the sperm motility. ATP and ADP concentration in the spermatozoa can be measured relatively easy and is reproducible. Unlike the monotonous evaluation of sperm motility by a technician, this biochemical method provides an objective parameter for semen quality. These qualities suggest that this method could be a way to determine the fertilizing potential of semen and to relate this to actual pregnancy rates.  相似文献   

9.
The bovine cervical mucus penetration test (BCMPT) was performed to determine its usefulness in screening the ability of sperm to successfully penetrate mucus in vitro. Ejaculates were obtained by masturbation from patients attending an infertility clinic. Routine semen analysis was performed using a microcomputerized multiple-exposure photography system. The BCMPT was performed. Overall, the average penetration of the mucus was 38 +/- 0.46 mm. Of the 1,406 ejaculates analyzed, 244 (17%) displayed a negative result (0-20 mm), 291 (21%) a questionable result (21-30 mm), and 871 (62%) a positive result (>30 mm). A highly significant (p < .001) correlation between mucus penetration distance and sperm MD (r = 0.541), MI (r = 0.484), count (r = 0.475), motility (r = 0.448), velocity (r = 0.400) and morphology (r = 0.369) was observed. Overall, the finding of an abnormal semen parameter resulted in a 34 +/- 5% accurate prediction of a negative or questionable BCMPT (<30 mm), while a normal semen parameter resulted in a 90 +/- 4% accurate prediction of a positive BCMPT (>30 mm). Sperm MD showed the strongest positive predictive value (98%), while morphology showed the greatest negative predictive value (50%). Of the 1,406 samples, 25 +/- 2% of the samples with normal semen parameters displayed a negative BCMPT. Conversely, 6 +/- 2% of samples with abnormal parameters showed a positive BCMPT. The BCMPT successfully identifies a significant subpopulation of patients as having an inadequate penetration of mucus with otherwise normal semen characteristics.  相似文献   

10.
Semen samples from 179 patients with longstanding infertility were allowed to penetrate capillaries filled with a fraction of fresh hens' egg white (HEW) as a substitute for cervical mucus (CM) for the in-vitro sperm-cervical mucus penetration test (SCPMT). Results were correlated with those obtained from human CM (HCM) used in parallel on the same semen sample, compared to results of sperm analysis and post-coital testing (PCT) and analysed for their prognostic value for a subsequent pregnancy in a prospective study. The overall pregnancy rate after 6 months was 26.3% (47/179). Whereas routine semen analysis (semen volume, pH, sperm count, progressive motility, morphology and fructose concentration) did not differentiate between patients who achieved pregnancy and those who did not, significant differences were found for the penetration distance (P less than 0.02) and the motility grade of sperm in HEW (P less than 0.02). Although the mean sperm velocity in HEW was reduced compared to HCM, a close positive correlation was found between the sperm density and the penetration distance (P less than 0.001). The percentage of samples with good HEW penetration increased significantly in parallel with better results of post-coital testing (P less than 0.001). The results indicate that, when fresh human CM is not available, HEW can be used as a medium for the SCPMT as a valuable adjunct to semen analysis which provides information about sperm functional capacity.  相似文献   

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