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1.
椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
目的探讨单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法采用单球囊双侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折8例17椎,均为新鲜骨折,腰背部疼痛剧烈,无神经症状及体征。术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整。MRI显示骨折椎体在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。在X线C形臂透视下,采用经皮经椎弓根穿刺,在伤椎内先后植入同一枚球囊,扩张使椎体复位后,将含钡骨水泥注入椎体扩张所形成的空腔内。结果所有患者术后疼痛均明显缓解或消失。平均椎体前缘高度恢复50·2%±12·1%。平均灌注骨水泥5·8mL(4·5~7·6mL),1例椎体前缘发生骨水泥渗漏,未引起临床症状。所有患者均获得随访,随访时间6~48个月,平均14·5个月,未发现与手术有关的并发症出现。结论单球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,疗效满意。  相似文献   

2.
球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
董友  王德义 《中国骨伤》2010,23(6):466-467
目的:探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法:2006年6月至2009年8月采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗26例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,男10例,女16例;年龄59~78岁,平均70岁.T114椎、T1210椎、L112椎、L23椎、L41椎.观察椎体高度恢复、患者疼痛视觉模拟评分及并发症情况.结果:本组26例术后疼痛均得到有效控制,VAS评分由术前的平均(8.6±0.2)分下降为(2.0±0.3)分;手术前后椎体前缘高度分别为(18.34±3.25) mm和(20.51±1.34) mm(P<0.05),中线高度分别为(14.36±2.56) mm和(19.66±1.28) mm(P<0.05).未发生骨水泥渗漏到椎管现象.结论:球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折可有效恢复椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能.  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法2004年12月~2006年12月采用球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗30例骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,共44个伤椎,其中男13例19个伤椎,女17例25个伤椎;年龄66~83岁,平均72岁;骨折部位为T7~L5椎体,术前CT显示椎体后壁均完整.结果30例患者均手术顺利,3例3个椎体前缘有少许未引起临床症状的骨水泥渗漏,其余椎体X线片上均未见明显骨水泥渗漏.所有患者术后48h内疼痛明显减轻或消失并可下床活动,住院4~12 d.随访6~24个月,平均14个月,术前平均疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为8.6±0.2分,术后为2.0±0.3分,末次随访时为2.1±0.2分,术后评分显著低于术前(P<0.01);Oswestry功能评分由术前43.1±1.1分降低到术后20.3±1.2分和末次随访21.1±1.2分(P<0.01);伤椎前、中柱的平均高度由术前15.1±1.8mm增加到术后24.3±2.1 mm和末次随访24.4±1.8 mm,手术前后差异有显著性(P<0.05).脊柱后凸Cobb角由术前平均21.2°±4.3°减小到术后10.1°±3.2°和末次随访10.2°±3.3°(P<0.05).结论球囊单侧扩张椎体后凸成形术可有效恢复骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体的高度,缓解疼痛,改善患者的脊柱功能及减少骨水泥渗漏,临床疗效满意.  相似文献   

4.
目的评价球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效和安全性。方法自2008年8月至2011年7月采用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折30例42椎,患者均有腰背部疼痛。取俯卧位调节手术床使椎体骨折部位过伸,达到满意的闭合复位后,经皮双侧或单侧椎弓根穿刺球囊扩张,填充骨水泥。随访观察患者的疼痛、日常功能以及影像学改变情况。根据术前和术后侧位X线片测量椎体高度、后凸畸形角度,进行统计学分析。利用Oswestry评分、视觉模拟评分(visualanaloguescale,VAS)评定临床疗效。观察有无骨水泥渗漏等并发症。结果术后随访6~24个月,平均10个月。术后伤椎处疼痛均明显缓解,VAS评分从术前平均(8.45±0.48)分降至术后平均(2.45±0.52)分,椎体高度明显恢复,后凸畸形得到矫正。随访期间疗效满意,伤椎高度无明显丢失。未出现严重的骨水泥渗漏并发症。术后椎体高度及伤椎后凸角度与术前比较有统计学差异(P〈0.05),术后VAS及Oswestry评分与术前比较有统计学差异(P〈0.01)。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松脊柱压缩性骨折,能有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形,能迅速缓解疼痛,减少骨折并发症,提高患者生活质量。  相似文献   

5.
椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折   总被引:151,自引:5,他引:146  
目的探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的疗效和安全性。方法自2000年5月~2002年6月采用椎体后凸成形术(kyphoplasty)治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折30例56椎,均为椎体后壁完整的疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折。手术过程包括经双侧椎弓根或椎弓根旁置入两枚可扩张球囊使骨折塌陷椎体复位,以及用骨水泥充填由球囊扩张所形成的椎体内空腔。观察术后症状改善及骨折复位情况,分析并发症。结果30例患者手术均顺利完成,在术后48h内疼痛均明显缓解。骨折椎体前缘和中部高度的丢失分别由术前的(13.6±2.3)mm和(9.2±1.4)mm减至术后的(4.7±1.5)mm和(3.4±1.1)mm,后凸畸形Cobb角由术前的23.4°±5.2°矫正至术后的9.2°±4.7°。1例患者术后发现少量骨水泥渗漏至椎体侧方软组织内;1例1侧术中穿刺管内出现脑脊液,当即停止该侧手术。此2例患者均未出现临床症状。未出现其他严重并发症。结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术作为治疗疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的新型微创技术,能迅速缓解疼痛、改善功能并恢复脊柱序列。  相似文献   

6.
单球囊单侧和双侧扩张椎体后凸成形术临床疗效评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
摘要:目的评价单球囊单侧和双侧交替扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的临床效果。方法2010年4月至2011年5月应用单球囊单侧和双侧交替扩张椎体后凸成性术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者2l例21椎,分为单侧球囊扩张组12椎和双侧球囊扩张组9椎,两组均经椎弓根入路,分别采用单球囊单侧扩张和双侧交替扩张的方法。比较两组术前、术后的椎体压缩率,术前、术后VAS评分,术后骨水泥左右侧分布面积比值。结果患者术后疼痛均明显减轻或消失。单侧组VAS评分由术前平均7.17±1.12分改善为术后平均2.67±0.89分,双侧组由术前平均7.50±0.85分改善为3.11±0.60分;单侧组椎体压缩率由术前平均32.3%±12.6%矫正为术后平均27.8%±13.1%,双侧组由术前平均32.9%±15.5%矫正为术后平均28.2%±14.2%;单侧组术后左、右侧骨水泥分布面积比值平均为0.96±0.16,双侧组比值平均为0.98±0.15,均无统计学差异(P〉0.05)。结论椎体后凸成形术能有效缓解椎体骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者的疼痛,不同程度恢复椎体高度,改善后凸畸形;单球囊单侧和双侧交替扩张椎体后凸成形术同样使压缩骨折的椎体获到较好复位。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形注入骨水泥治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法:对52例老年骨质疏松性单椎体骨折患者采用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗。在DSA透视引导下行单侧或双侧椎弓根穿刺,注入骨水泥。结果:发生骨水泥渗漏6例,术后1周腰背疼痛、后凸角度、伤椎高度、活动能力较术前明显改善(P〈0.05),术后6个月、末次随访与术后1周,上述指标比较差异均无显著性(P〉0.05)。结论:球囊扩张椎体后凸成形注入骨水泥,不仅能够明显缓解骨质疏松性脊柱骨折导致的疼痛,而且可以部分恢复椎体高度和改善脊柱后凸畸形,有利于脊柱功能的恢复。  相似文献   

8.
目的评价单侧经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法自2010年1月至2013年1月采用单侧经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折60例86椎,其中男18例,女42例;年龄58~83岁,平均68.5岁。均为新鲜骨折,均有明显腰背部疼痛不适,无脊髓、神经根受损症状和体征。术前CT显示椎体后壁完整。MRI显示伤椎在T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。经皮单侧椎弓根穿刺球囊扩张,填充骨水泥。测量术前、术后正侧位X线片椎体高度及后凸畸形角度,并进行统计学分析,随访观察患者术前、术后腰背疼痛、日常功能等改变情况。采用视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry评分评定临床疗效。结果术后随访6~24个月,平均14个月。术后腰背部疼痛迅速缓解,随访期间疗效满意,椎体高度明显恢复,后凸畸形得以改善,伤椎高度无明显丢失。7例术后再发其他椎体压缩性骨折再次入院行球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术后得以改善,术后椎体高度及后凸角度与术前相比有统计学差异(P0.05,P0.01),术后VAS评分及Oswestry评分与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论单侧经皮球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,可有效恢复椎体高度和矫正后凸畸形,迅速缓解疼痛,提高生活质量,临床疗效满意。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年脊柱压缩骨折的疗效.方法在C型臂X线机引导下,采用美国Kyphon公司提供的微创器械及特制球囊,对46例老年骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者的59个椎体通过椎弓根或椎弓根外途径行经皮穿刺椎体球囊后凸成形术,观察患者术后疼痛缓解情况及压缩椎体高度恢复情况.结果46例患者术后疼痛均得到有效控制,次日即可佩戴围腰下床行走,VAS评分由术前的平均8.3分下降为2.4分;复查X线片示椎体高度恢复基本满意,术前压缩椎体的前、中缘相当于椎体后缘高度的54.10%±14.49%、58.86%±19.47%,术后恢复到83.56%±27.74%和87.92±22.16%(P<0.01).未发生严重骨水泥渗漏到椎管内现象出现.结论球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折是一种既有效又安全的治疗方法,可有效避免老年人长期卧床所带来的各种并发症.  相似文献   

10.
球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折   总被引:120,自引:4,他引:116  
目的探讨用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折。方法共10例患者,男7例,女3例;年龄57~72岁,平均67岁;病变部位:T11 1例,T12 4例,L1 5例。在“C”型臂X线机引导下,采用经皮穿刺方法,经椎弓根将一中空管道置入伤椎以建立通道,将特制耐高压小球囊送入伤椎,用高压注射器向球囊内注入造影剂,球囊扩张将松质骨向四周挤压,使伤椎恢复高度并产生空腔,经“C”型臂X线机观察确认伤椎复位满意后记录球囊的压力及容量,抽出造影剂使球囊回缩至真空后取出。将同量含钡低黏度骨水泥注入由球囊扩张而产生的空腔内,通过“C”型臂X线机观察确认骨水泥充满空腔后完成手术。结果10例患者术后疼痛即刻消失,术后当天或次日即可下床活动。经X线检查确认压缩骨折的椎体高度基本恢复,后凸畸形平均矫正16°(12°~30°)。术后平均随访6个月,患者均恢复伤前生活方式,无疼痛,伤椎高度无丢失,无并发症发生。结论微创球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折安全有效的方法。  相似文献   

11.
多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的比较   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
目的 探讨多椎体结核内固定与非内固定疗效的差异 ,比较二者的优缺点。方法 总结 1990年~ 2 0 0 1年采用脊柱前路病灶清除植骨术与同时用饶氏椎体钉、Ventrofix、Z -Plate钢板、USS等器械内固定治疗胸腰椎结核病人共 12 4例。其中非内固定 6 8例 ,内固定 5 6例。观察术后植骨融合、神经恢复、畸形纠正情况及治愈率。结果 经平均 2 5年的随访证实 ,内固定植骨融合速度快于非内固定组 ,有显著性差异 ;神经功能Frankel分级二组全部得到改善 ;畸形纠正内固定组后弓角较术前平均改进 2 9°、非内固定组平均改进 5°,有显著性差异。内固定组治愈率为 10 0 % ,非内固定组治愈率为 87% ,有显著性差异。结论 脊柱结核内固定可早期重建脊柱稳定性并加速植骨融合 ;有明显改善畸形的作用 ;减少结核复发 ,在治疗多椎体结核中有重要意义  相似文献   

12.
An animal model of anterior and posterior column instability was developed to allow in vivo observation of bone remodeling and arthrodesis after spinal instrumentation. Various combinations of spinal fusions and instrumentation procedures were performed after an initial anterior and posterior destabilizing lesion was created at the L5-L6 vertebral levels in 35 adult beagles. After 6 months of postoperative observation, there was improved probability of achieving a spinal fusion if spinal instrumentation had been used. All biomechanical testing was performed after removal of instrumentation to test the inherent stiffnesses and quality of the spinal fusions. The fusions performed in conjunction with instrumentation (group V = Harrington instrumentation and posterolateral fusion; group VI = Luque instrumentation and posterolateral fusion) demonstrated the greatest axial rotation stiffnesses (group V, p less than .05); axial compressive stiffness (group V, p less than .05); and flexural stiffness (group VI, p less than .05). The results show that a spinal fusion can be more reliably achieved and will be more rigid if it is accompanied by spinal instrumentation.  相似文献   

13.
Purpose This research investigated whether the Sprotte needle causes less leakage of CSF than the Quincke needle in the artificial spinal cord. Methods The changes in intradural pressure, extradural pressure, and leaked volume of CSF were evaluated following puncture with Sprotte and Quincke needles in the artificial spinal cord. Results The decrease in intradural pressure was 9.7±1.8 mm H2O with the Sprotte needle and 20.5±2.7 mm H2O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). The volume of leakage of artificial CSF was 2.0±0.3 ml with the Sprotte needle and 3.3 ±0.3 ml with the Quincke needle (P<0.01). The extradural pressure increase was 166.1±8.2 mm H2O with the Sprotte needle and 186.8±13.2 mm H2O with the Quincke needle (P<0.05). Conclusion The Sprotte needle produces less CSF leakage than the Quincke needle.  相似文献   

14.
BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Current well regarded thoracic and lumbar spine injury classifications use mechanistic and anatomical categories, which do not directly rely on quantifiable management parameters. Their clinical usefulness is not optimal. PURPOSE: Formulate an injury severity based classification. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This retrospective investigation studied patients who suffered thoracic and lumbar spine injuries, and examined the following three quantifiable parameters: 1) neurologic function grade; 2) spinal canal deformity; 3) biomechanical stability. These parameters are the primary clinical indications for management decisions. PATIENT SAMPLE: One hundred twenty-six consecutive patients with spinal trauma admitted to a level 1 tertiary trauma center from January 1997 to November 2005 were enrolled in this study. OUTCOME MEASURES: Spine injury severity was independently scored on three parameters: 1) neurologic function impairment grade according to the modified Frankel grading method and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) function scale; 2) spinal canal deformity from translation and intrusion, measured as percent canal cross-sectional area compromise; 3) failure of five possible biomechanical functions in Denis's three anatomic columns, and a sixth group of unstable deformities. All three columns contribute to tensile function. Only the anterior and middle columns provide compression load-bearing function. A combination of three or more column biomechanical function failure or an unstable deformity renders the injury unstable. METHODS: Five fellowship-trained spine surgeons from one institution took part in the study. Hospital medical records, including admission history and physical examination, discharge summary, and operative report (if surgery was performed), were examined for neurologic deficit. Plain radiographs, computed tomographic scans and magnetic resonance imaging were assessed for canal compromise and biomechanical function status. RESULTS: Injuries were located from T3 to L5, 58% of which were at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2). Neurologic impairment occurred in 45% (57/126) of patients, with 19 complete paraplegias (Frankel grade A). The average spinal canal cross-sectional area compromise was 56.1% in neurologically impaired and 14.2% for patients who where neurologically intact. The number of tensile element failure patients in neurologically impaired versus intact are as follow: tri-columns 22/4; two columns 16/8; one column 11/17; all columns intact 8/40. Load-bearing element failed in 55/57 neurologically impaired and 63/69 intact patients. Sixty-seven patients had spinal reconstructive surgery. Their average instability profile score was 4.4 out of 6, and canal compromise score was 3.3 out of 5. CONCLUSIONS: A clinically useful thoracic and lumbar spine injury classification should be based on parameters that are the primary indications for management decisions. The same parameters should be injury severity quantifiable as to guide treatment. In this study we introduced spinal canal deformity and column biomechanical functions as quantifiable parameters in thoracic and lumbar injury severity classification. Validation of this method is beyond the scope of this preliminary study.  相似文献   

15.
Extensive spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs) carry a high mortality rate. Traditionally they are treated non-operatively with longterm antibiotics and/or surgical decompression, but there is a continuing debate as to whether they should be managed by emergency surgical decompression. However, such decisions are made in the light of the clinical setting. We report the successful management of a female patient who presented with features of upper cervical cord compression and later developed septic shock and multisystem failure. Surgical decompression of the cervical spine and irrigation of the epidural space with a paediatric catheter was performed followed by tricortical strut grafting and plating. At review, 36 weeks after surgery, the patient remained asymptomatic, having made full neurological recovery. The purpose of this report is to highlight the importance of emergency surgical intervention for extensive SEA in the presence of progressive neurological loss associated with multisystem failure.  相似文献   

16.

Objectives

We report a case of purely extradural spinal meningioma and discuss the potential pitfalls in differential diagnosis.

Background

Spinal meningiomas account for 20–30% of all spinal neoplasms. Epidural meningiomas are infrequent intraspinal tumors that can be easily confused with malignant neoplasms or spinal schwannomas.

Case

A 62-year-old man with a previous history of malignant disease presented with back pain and weakness of the lower limbs. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-enhanced T4 intraspinal lesion. The intraoperative histological examination showed a meningioma (confirmed by postoperative examination). Opening the dura mater confirmed the purely epidural location of the lesion. The postoperative course was uneventful with no recurrence 12 months after surgery.

Conclusion

Purely extradural spinal meningiomas can mimic metastatic tumors or schwannomas. Intraoperative histology is mandatory for optimal surgical decision making.  相似文献   

17.
扩大半椎板切除术治疗颈脊髓损伤   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
Xu S  Liu S  Sun T  Liu Z 《中华外科杂志》1999,37(10):607-609,I037
OBJECTIVE: To treat cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) accompanied with narrowing spinal canal by expanded hemilaminectomy. METHODS: From 1995 January to 1998 April 51 patients of cervical SCI were treated by expanded hemilaminectomy. Spinal injury classified in to 3 types: no fracture-dislocation (39 patients) fracture dislocation at the lower cervical spine (11), and burst fracture (1). The types of SCI included central cord injury (18 patients) incomplete cord injury (19), and complete cord injury (14). MR imaging in 23 patients showed degenerative changes with normal intensity of the cord in 14 patients, multiple level hyperintensity in 3, cystic changes in 3, myelomalasia in 3, and cord brocken in 1. Expanded hemilaminectomy was performed in 24 hours in 3 patients, in 48 hours in 9, in one week in 2, after one week in 35, and after one year in 2. The left or right laminae were removed from C(7) to C(3) in 42 patients, C(3) - T(1) in 3, C(2) - C(7) in 2, C(3) - C(6) in 3 and C(4) - C(7) in 3. Hemilaminectomy was expanded lateral to the inner of apophyseal joint and medial to the inner lamina beneath the spinal process. RESULTS: Follow-up lasted for 1 year and 7 months. Six patients with complete cord injury had of the no recovery lower extremity but recovery of the brachialis and extensor radial longus. 12 patients of central cord injury had full recovery except intrinsic muscles of the hand (5). They operated were on 2 weeks after injury. 17 patients of incomplete cord injury recovered to Frankel IV. CONCLUSIONS: Expanded hemilaminectomy is indicated for patients of cervical SCI with narrowing spinal canal or without fracture dislocation. Best results can be obtained in patients of central cord injury, and incomplete cord injury. Even in complete cord injury, 1 - 2 forearm muscle may recover (24.8%), securing a pinch grip reconstruction.  相似文献   

18.
胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后的重建方式   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的:探讨胸腰椎肿瘤全脊椎切除术后脊柱稳定性的重建方式。方法:1993 ̄2003年我院治疗各类胸腰椎(T5 ̄L5)肿瘤患者72例,其中全脊椎切除、随访2年以上、没有肿瘤复发和转移且有完整影像学资料者12例,骨巨细胞瘤9例,单发浆细胞性骨髓瘤2例,非何杰金氏淋巴瘤1例。一期前后路联合全脊椎切除11例,次全脊椎切除1例,以5种不同方式重建,分别为前路内固定加后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(ASP)5例、前路内固定加后路多节段Luque环内固定(AMP)4例、单纯后路短节段经椎弓根内固定(SP)1例、单纯后路多节段经椎弓根内固定(MP)1例、单纯前路内固定(A)1例。观察术前、术后即刻及末次随访时矢状面Cobb角度变化、植骨融合情况、有无植骨骨折及下沉等并发症。结果:随访2.5 ̄13年,平均6.6年。ASP方式重建的5例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°~7°,平均2.4°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折,1例因术中损伤终板而出现人工椎体轻度下沉。AMP方式重建的4例患者矢状面Cobb角丢失0°~9°,平均5°,植骨全部融合,无植骨骨折或下沉;其中1例术后1.5年植骨融合后取出后方固定,仅保留前方固定,出现植骨骨折及后凸畸形。SP或MP方式重建的2例患者矢状面Cobb角分别丢失12°和13°,植骨块均骨折。次全脊椎切除A方式重建的1例患者矢状面Cobb角无丢失,植骨融合且无植骨骨折及下沉。结论:本组病例较少,但初步可以看出ASP和AMP是全脊椎切除后坚强的重建方式,能够使植骨顺利融合,防止Cobb角度丢失。但ASP能够减少固定节段、保留运动单元,是更好的固定方式。SP和A不宜单独应用于全脊椎切除后稳定性重建。  相似文献   

19.
张功林  章鸣 《中国骨伤》2005,18(7):443-445
脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的治疗,一直是脊柱外科关注的课题,随着对神经损伤的病理生理研究深入和手术方法的改进,对其治疗方法和观点也有了进一步的发展。本文就胸腰椎骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗方面的进展进行综述。  相似文献   

20.
Post operative infection in spine surgery is a well known complication. The authors studied a series of 90 patients in accordance with an homogenous strategy based on the excision of necrotic and infected tissues, associated with appropriate antibiotics.The results are analyzed according to the degree of infection (which is based on the type of germs and their associations), and type of patients, the delay in diagnosis and the anatomical extension of the infected lesions.Making a difference between superficial and deep infection is of no therapeutic value and may lead to wrong and inadequate treatment.One must separate the common infections (which are due to germs as staphylococcus aureus or others from the urinary or digestive tract), and severe infections (which are either due to a per operative massive and deep contamination, or associated with patient's poor general condition).This series is mainly about posterior approaches to the spine, with or without osteosynthesis. Technical problems for treatment depend on the site of infection, particularly at the thoracic kyphosis level, or at the lumbar level where the muscle necrosis can be extensive. At the cervical level, the infection of an anterior approach mandates a check on the respiratory and digestive tracts.Removing the osteosynthesis is not mandatory in post operative spinal infections, as it may induce severe mechanical destabilization. An anterior approach is not necessarily required in the case of a posterior infection, except with massive contamination of an anterior graft. In some cases, posterior lumbar interbody fusion can lead to the indication for anterior cage removal.Pseudarthrosis of an infected spine, initially treated to obtain fusion, is still the worst complication. In case of previous posterior infection, even a severe one, fusion can still be obtained through a secondary anterior or posterior approach for grafting, with or without osteosynthesis.In this series, there was no neurological complication due to infection.However, eight diceases occured in weak patients with neurological involvement. This points out the importance of the general treatment associated with the surgery, and the necessity of a thorough assessment. a thorough assessment.Résumé Les infections post-opératoires représentent une complication largement documentée dans le domaine de la chirurgie du rachis. Les auteurs étudient une série de 90 patients traités selon une stratégie homogène basée sur l'excision des tissus nécrosés et infectés associée à l'utilisation d'un traitement antibiotique adapté. Les résultats sont analysés en fonction du degré d'infection (basé sur le type de germe et leurs associations) de l'état des patients, du délai pour le diagnostic et de l'étendue anatomique des lésions infectieuses. L'opposition entre infection superficielle et profonde semble sans intérêt sur le plan thérapeutique et peut conduire à un traitement insuffisant ou mal adapté.Il est important de séparer les infections classiques (qui sont dûes à des germes comme le staphylocoque doré ou d'autres germes provenant de la sphère urinaire ou digestive) et les infections sévères (qui sont soit dûes à une contamination per-opératoire massive et profonde ou associées à des patients dont létat général est déficient).Cette série est principalement basée sur les abord postérieurs du rachis avec ou sans ostéosynthèse. Les problèmes techniques pour le traitement dépendent du site de l'infection: aux niveaux thoracique et lombaire, la nécrose musculaire peut être très extensive. Au niveau cervical, l'infection d'un abord antérieur impose de vérifier l'intégrité du tractus aéro-digestif.L'ablation initiale du matériel n'est pas nécessaire dans beaucoup de cas d'infections post-opératoires car elle peut induire des destabilisations sévères et des complications mécaniques supplémentaires. Un abord antérieur n'est pas forcément nécessaire en cas d'infection postérieure mises à part les contaminations massives d'une greffe antérieure ou une infection d'une cage intervertébrale réalisée pour une fusion intersomatique par voie postérieure.La pseudarthrose des greffes sur un rachis infecté qui a été traité initialement pour obtenir une fusion reste encore la plus sévère des complications. Dans les cas d'infections postérieures même sévères, la fusion peut être encore obtenue secondairement grâce à un abord antérieur ultérieur ou même un abord postérieur pour des greffes complémentaires avec ou sans ostéosynthèse.Dans cette série, les auteurs ne signalent aucune complication neurologique dûe à l'infection. Néanmoins, 8 décès sont à déplorer chez des patients fragiles avec signes neurologiques initiaux. Ceci souligne l'importance du traitement général associé à la chirurgie et la nécessité d'un bilan complet de ces malades.EBJIS Congress, Leuven  相似文献   

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