前交叉韧带MRI异常患者单髁膝关节置换随访分析

目的 探讨术前膝关节核磁共振(MRI)前交叉韧带(ACL)异常结果对单髁膝关节置换术(U KA)疗效影响.方法 本研究采用t检验、秩和检验、方差分析等统计方法,回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第一医院关节外科2014年5月至2019年5月收治的单髁膝关节置换术治疗膝前内侧骨关节炎患者.纳入标准:确诊膝关节前内侧骨关节炎、膝关...     

前交叉韧带重建技术进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤重建技术是影响疗效的最重要因素。骨隧道定位,尤其是股骨侧隧道定位(解剖位点、定位方式和髁间窝成形)仍存在争议。ACL双束重建术因重建了双束的正常解剖结构,理论上可更好地恢复膝关节稳定性,尤其是旋转稳定性,故日益受到重视,但有关临床结果的报道不一,远期疗效有待进一步研究。移植物的初始张力尚无标准。固定方式的改进是近年重要的技术进展,可靠的固定有助于早期康复锻炼,但固定术后的骨隧道扩大值得关注,长期影响和预防措施尚需进一步研究。     

单髁置换术治疗膝内侧间室关节炎合并前交叉韧带缺陷

膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤是一类临床常见的疾病,Johnson DL等[1]报道ACL撕裂伤的年发病例数超过25万.关节镜下ACL重建术是一种较好的办法,患者能够获得较快,较好的功能恢复.然而,ACL缺陷并不常常单独存在,较多情况同时合并膝关节骨关节炎(OA),患者常表现为膝关节疼痛和(或)膝关节不稳定.尤其是对于相对年轻以及偏好运动的患者,采取何种治疗以获得疼痛的长期缓解,同时尽可能恢复较高的活动水平,一直以来争议不断.近5年来膝关节单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)联合前交叉韧带重建术(anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,ACLR)作为一种有效的治疗手段,取得了良好的治疗效果,现就这一临床技术应用的进展进行综述.     

半腱肌重建前交叉韧带进展

前交叉韧带是稳定膝关节的重要结构。前交叉韧带损伤后股骨与胫骨在负重时半脱位 ,可以导致半月板后角撕裂、膝关节不稳定、退行性变、功能丧失。为了恢复膝关节结构及功能 ,前交叉韧带损伤必须及时处理。近年来 ,前交叉韧带重建手术中 ,半腱肌得到广泛应用 ,现综述如下。1　半腱肌的生物力学研究ＢＹＦｒａｎｋ[1] 、Ｋｅｎｅｄｙ[2 ] 等研究证明 ,以正常ＡＣＬ强度173 0Ｎ(1牛顿 =0 .0 3ｋｇ)为 10 0 % ,则单股半腱肌强度 (12 16± 5 0 )Ｎ为 70 %～ 75 %。Ｂｒｏｗｎ[3 ] 证实双股半腱肌的强度约是正常前交叉韧带的 1.5倍 ,四股半腱肌的…     

关节镜下前交叉韧带重建研究进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)是膝关节重要的前向稳定结构,损伤后可以产生膝关节前向不稳,严重影响膝关节功能,继发软骨、半月板等结构损伤,导致关节退变和关节疾病的早期发生.关节镜技术的成熟与完善使得关节镜下ACL重建技术得到广泛应用,有了很大的发展.特别是近几年提出的双束韧带重建手术方法更符合解剖学要求,对重建ACL的翻修也有进一步的认识和发展.该文就近几年有关ACL重建在移植物、手术方法、重建韧带翻修及组织工程等方面的新进展作一综述.     

前交叉韧带重建移植物研究进展

前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤在现代社会日渐常见,从保守治疗到ACL重建术治疗,ACL功能恢复的重要性受到临床认可.现有ACL重建材料中,自体组织移植物无免疫排斥反应、感染风险小,即使移植不成功也不会使病情恶化,但取材有限,易发生供区并发症;同种异体移植物取材相对容易,但面临免疫排斥反应、愈合延迟、感染及费用昂贵等问题;人工...     

膝关节前交叉韧带的修复与重建

修复与重建前交叉韧带的目的 ,就是恢复前交叉韧带的连续性和膝关节的稳定性 ,防止这种病理过程的发生与发展[1,2 ] 。下面就近年来的临床与基础研究的进展作一综述。1　前交叉韧带修复的方法1 1　前交叉韧带的单纯修复　单纯修复前交叉韧带 ,因其在短期内可以提供膝关节的功能稳定[3] ,国外在 5 0年代较为流行 ,国内报道较少。林阳等[4 ] 人通过 9例膝前交叉韧带的重建认为 ,早期行前交叉韧带修补术 ,病人膝关节功能恢复优于重建的病人。但回顾性与前瞻性研究[3] 均表明 ,单纯进行前交叉韧带的修补 ,膝关节功能在 5年内有近 40 %～ 5 0 %归…     

前交叉韧带重建翻修术

前交叉韧带(ACL)重建翻修术适用于首次重建术后膝关节不稳定复发的病人。除了生物性因素、创伤、次要稳定装置的松弛之外,ACL重建术失败的最常见原因为技术性失误,包括骨隧道定向失误、髁间窝成形不充分、移植韧带张力不当、移植骨块固定不牢和移植韧带来源不足。所以,术前应有周密的方案,选择适宜的移植韧带,确定隧道的位向。术后的康复训练与首次ACL重建术后不同,需要更保守的方法,且因人而异。翻修术仅是一种补救办法,主要是恢复日常生活而不是竞技性运动。     

LARS人工韧带在前交叉韧带重建中的应用

膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)断裂是一种严重的膝关节损伤,可导致膝关节不稳,并可继发关节内主要结构损伤,严重影响关节功能。ACL损伤后自愈能力较差,移植重建是目前治疗ACL损伤的主要手段[1]。使用的移植物分三种:自体移植物,同种异体移植物和人工韧带。     

Total knee arthroplasty after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, and many of these patients go on to ACL reconstruction. At a later date, some may develop symptomatic osteoarthritis and require total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This raises the question: Does prior ACL reconstruction have a deleterious impact on the outcome of knee arthroplasty? Thirty-six cases of patients who underwent ACL reconstruction and then TKA at a later date were retrospectively reviewed. A cohort of patients without ACL injuries who underwent TKA for the diagnosis of primary osteoarthritis were selected to serve as controls. The results of this study demonstrate that previous ACL reconstruction does not have a negative impact on the outcome of future TKA with respect to range of motion, outcome scores, infection, or patella baja.     

Medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the ACL-deficient knee

Symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee develops often in association with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficiency. Two distinct pathologies should be recognised while considering treatment options in patients with end-stage medial compartment OA and ACL deficiency. Patients with primary ACL deficiency (usually traumatic ACL rupture) can develop secondary OA (typically presenting with symptoms of instability and pain) and these patients are typically young and active. Patients with primary end stage medial compartment OA can develop secondary ACL deficiency (usually degenerate ACL rupture) and these patients tend to be older. Treatment options in either of these patient groups include arthroscopic debridement, reconstruction of the ACL, high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with or without ACL reconstruction, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). General opinion is that a functionally intact ACL is a fundamental prerequisite to perform a UKA. This is because previous reports showed higher failure rates when ACL was deficient, probably secondary to wear and tibial loosening. Nevertheless in some cases of ACL deficiency with end-stage medial compartment OA, UKA has been performed in isolation and recent papers confirm good short- to mid-term outcome without increased risk of implant failure. Shorter hospital stay, fewer blood transfusions, faster recovery and significantly lower risk of developing major complications like death, myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis (as compared to TKA) make the UKA an attractive option, especially in the older patients. On the other hand, younger patients with higher functional demands are likely to benefit from a simultaneous or staged ACL reconstruction in addition to UKA to regain knee stability. These procedures tend to be technically demanding. The main aim of this review was to provide a synopsis of the existing literature and outline an evidence-based treatment algorithm.     

前交叉韧带重建术后膝关节功能及三维运动步态分析

目的 探讨前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术后膝关节稳定性、功能及三维步态运动学情况.方法 回顾性分析2015年7月到2017年7月在佛山市中医院运动学科采用自体腘绳肌腱行ACL重建并进行了二次关节镜探查的270例病例,其中男164例,女106例.采用Lysholm评分、国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)评分、Tenger评分、...     

Proprioception in anterior cruciate ligament deficient knees and its relevance in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) not only causes mechanical instability but also leads to a functional deficit in the form of diminished proprioception of the knee joint. “Functional” recovery is often incomplete even after “anatomic” arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, as some patients with a clinically satisfactory repair and good ligament tension continue to complain of a feeling of instability and giving way, although the knee does not sublux on clinical testing. Factors that may play a role could be proprioceptive elements, as the intact ACL has been shown to have significant receptors. Significant data have come to light demonstrating proprioceptive differences between normal and injured knees, and often between injured and reconstructed knees. ACL remnants have been shown to have proprioceptive fibers that could enhance functional recovery if they adhere to or grow into the reconstructed ligament. Conventionally the torn remnants are shaved off from the knee before graft insertion; modern surgical techniques, with remnant sparing methods have shown better outcomes and functional recovery, and this could be an avenue for future research and development. This article analyzes and reviews our understanding of the sensory element of ACL deficiency, with specific reference to proprioception as an important component of functional knee stability. The types of mechanoreceptors, their distribution and presence in ACL remnants is reviewed, and suggestions are made to minimize soft tissue shaving during ACL reconstruction to ensure a better functional outcome in the reconstructed knee.     

Intrafix固定四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床研究

目的 探讨采用Intrafix固定腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效.方法 2005年3月至12月采用Intrafix螺钉重建前交叉韧带患者35例,由同一术者完成,均采用4股半腱肌腱和股薄肌腱.前交叉韧带股骨端采用Endobutton袢固定.3例患者失访,术后随访时间为12～20个月,平均15个月.其中15例进行膝关节功能评分、KT-2000及X线检查,11例患者术后行MRI检查;其余17例患者仅进行了膝关节功能评分.结果 术后国际膝关节委员会(IKDC)膝关节主观功能评分平均91分(83～97分),15例膝关节检查IKDC分级为A级10例,B级5例(为术后膝关节伸屈角度略大所致).Lysholm评分83～93分,平均89分,其中优17例,良15例.术后优良率为100%.术后KT-2000结果 为30°133 N下平均1.2 mm(0～2.0 mm),90°133 N下平均0.5 mm(-0.5～2.0 mm).术后MRI可见重建韧带形态较好.术后X线片可见定位准确.结论 采用Intrafix固定四股腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带能够恢复膝关节前向稳定性,术后临床效果好.     

关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带的临床前瞻性对照研究

目的 前瞻性评估保留残端对于前交叉韧带重建临床疗效的意义.方法 2008年8月至2009年9月共70例有韧带残端存留的前交叉韧带损伤患者入选本研究组,随机分为保留残端组(n=35)和对照组(n=35).分别采取关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带和切除残端的前交叉韧带重建手术技术,移植物均使用同种异体肌腱.术后随访分别进行膝关节功能评分(IKDC分级和Lysholm评分)、客观稳定性评估(Lachman试验、轴移试验和KT-1000测量)、本体感觉功能测量和二次关节镜手术探查.结果 70例患者中共61例(87%)获得随访,平均随访时间13.1个月.两组的功能评分无显著差异:Lysholm评分:保留残端组96.4分,对照组94.9分(P=0.71);IKDC分级中A和B级:保留残端组30例,对照组29例(P=0.586).两组的客观稳定性评估无显著差异:KT-1000测量的侧-侧差值:保留残端组1.69 mm,对照组1.65 mm(P=0.83);Lachman试验阴性例数:保留残端组29例,对照组28例(P=1.00);轴移试验阴性例数:保留残端组31例,对照组27例(P=0.225).本体感觉的角度重复试验结果无显著差异:保留残端组4.56°,对照组4.28°(P=0.522).二次手术探查时发现的移植物滑膜覆盖率无显著差异:保留残端组85%,对照组84.2%.结论 保留残端同时使用异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,对术后膝关节主观功能评分、稳定性和本体感觉和移植物滑膜覆盖程度并无促进作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction using the remnant-preserved technique.Methods From August 2008 to September 2009,70 cases with the remnant of injured ACL were included in the trials,which were randomized into the remnant preservation(RP)group and the control group,35 cases in each group.All patients in the two groups underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgeries,with ACL-remnant preserving technique in RP group and ACL-remnant resection in control group,respectively.The injured ACL was reconstructed with allograft in all cases.Postoperative follow-up assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)grading and Lysholm score,Lachman test,pivot shift test and KT-1000 measurement,proprioception measurements and the arthroscopic second look evaluation.Results Sixty-one(61/70,87%)cases were available for an average of 13.1 months follow-up assessment postoperatively.There were no significant differences between the RP and control group in functional outcome as evaluated with Lysholm score(96.4 vs.94.9,P = 0.71)and IKDC grading(cases with A and B gradings:30 vs.29,P = 0.586).Regarding objective stability,there were no differences between the 2 group in mean side-to-side difference of KT-1000(1.69 mm vs.1.65 mm,P =0.83),Lachman test(negative cases:29 vs.28,P = 1.00)and pivot shift test(negative cases:31 vs.27,P =0.225).There was also no difference between the groups in proprioception evaluation measured with angle repetitive test(4.56°vs.4.28°,P=0.522).During second look arthroscopic examination,the grafts synoveal coverage rates were found to be 85% in the RP group and 84.2% in the control group,without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the remnant preserving technique using tendon allograft do not improve the postoperative knee-joint function scores,stability,proprioception and synovial coverage of grafts.     

LARS韧带重建前交叉韧带的近期疗效

目的探讨LARS韧带重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的手术方法和近期疗效。方法回顾分析2008年11月-2010年4月于关节镜下采用LARS韧带重建并获完整随访的80例ACL损伤患者临床资料。男51例,女29例;年龄17～43岁,平均29.2岁。致伤原因:运动伤63例,交通事故伤14例,重物砸伤3例。左膝43例,右膝37例。病程10 d～11个月。前抽屉试验、Lachman试验和轴移试验均为阳性。术前Lysholm、Irgang、Larson评分分别为(55.4±5.7)、(48.3±6.2)、(54.8±7.4)分,国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)评分均低于正常值。MRI检查显示ACL损伤。术中保留ACL残余纤维束。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染、下肢深静脉血栓形成等术后早期并发症发生。80例均获随访,随访时间7～24个月,平均16.8个月。术后3例股骨侧螺钉外露,2例胫骨侧螺钉松动,1例伸膝受限,均对症处理。随访期间均无LARS韧带断裂、关节纤维化等并发症发生。末次随访时前抽屉试验阳性2例,Lachman试验阳性3例,轴移试验阳性3例。术后6周及末次随访时Lysholm、Irgang、Larson评分与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6周及末次随访时IKDC评分正常率分别为43.75%(35/80)及97.50%(78/80)。结论 LARS韧带黏弹性较差,术中需要在偏伸直位固定避免屈曲受限,屈曲位允许移植物有轻微松弛,掌握其特殊手术技巧后重建ACL能获得较好的近期疗效。     

单束单隧道与双束双隧道重建膝前交叉韧带的生物力学对比研究

[目的]研究双束股骨双隧道法重建前交叉韧带(ACL)恢复膝关节前后方向稳定性的能力,并与单束单隧道重建法进行生物力学性能的比较。[方法]应用跟腱分别采用双束股骨双隧道、单前内侧束和单后外侧束三种方法对10个新鲜尸体膝关节进行前交叉韧带重建。术后分别于膝关节屈曲0°、15°、30°、60°及90°时对胫骨施行±100 N的作用力,测量胫骨相对于股骨移动的距离。[结果]在屈膝角度较小(0°~30°)的情况下,单前内侧束重建法术后胫骨的移动距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05);但屈曲超过30°,特别是超过60°后,单前内侧束重建法术后胫骨移动的距离明显大于完整标本(P<0.05)。在屈膝角度<60°的情况下,单后外侧束重建法胫骨移动的距离明显大于完整标本(P<0.05):但屈曲超过60°胫骨移动的距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05);在膝关节的整个屈曲范围(0°~90°)内,双束股骨双隧道重建法术后胫骨移动的距离与完整标本接近(P>0.05)。[结论]双束股骨双隧道重建法,在膝关节的整个屈曲范围(0°~90°)内,比单束股骨单隧道重建法能更有效的恢复膝关节的稳定性。