人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗重症膝关节病

目的　探讨人工全膝表面置换术 (TKA)治疗重症膝关节病的疗效。方法　采用TKA共治疗 21例 24膝,其中晚期骨性关节炎 15例 17膝,类风湿关节炎 4例 5膝,全膝关节结核 2例 2膝。按TKA原则施术,重建膝关节负重力线,截骨达到伸屈间隙相等,维护软组织平衡,保持髌骨中置位,获取膝关节充分活动度。结果　平均随访 2 5年,膝关节平均活动度由术前的 58°(30°~100°)改善到 96°(60°~120°),疼痛、跛行明显改善,无感染。结论　对疼痛、畸形、明显影响功能、年龄在 60岁以上的重症膝关节病患者选择TKA治疗,疗效满意。     

机器人辅助全膝关节置换术流程优化及学习曲线研究

目的:介绍使用MAKO机器人辅助全膝关节置换术(RTKA)操作的优化流程,并分析采用该手术流程进行手术的学习曲线。方法:回顾性分析2021年8月至12月行MAKO RTKA的31例患者资料,其中1例因术中机械臂出现注册系统错误改为手动手术而剔除,其余30例引入提高手术室使用效率的优化流程,采用重叠操作的原则,逐步介绍手术操作具体流程。按手术时间顺序,每10个病例分为一组,统计三组止血带使用时间差异,比较术中股骨远端、胫骨近端截骨,股骨及胫骨冠状面夹角,股骨外旋角及胫骨后倾角差异。比较术前、术后髋膝踝角(HKA)。采用累积求和分析法(CUSUM)绘制RTKA学习曲线。结果:采用优化流程成功完成30例RTKA。三组止血带使用时间分别为(104.4±10.3)min,(87.3±5.6)min,(77.3±4.1)min,止血带使用时间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组术中股骨远端、胫骨近端截骨,股骨及胫骨冠状面夹角,股骨外旋角及胫骨后倾角比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HKA由术前7.9°±5.9°,改善为术后1.6°±1.5°。CUSUM结果显示,经过11例手术后度...     

机器人辅助全膝关节置换的学习曲线分析

[目的]分析机器人膝关节系统辅助全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty, TKA）的学习曲线。[方法]纳入2021年9月—2022年9月在本院进行机器人膝关节系统辅助TKA手术的17例膝关节炎患者。采用累计求和（cumulative summation, CUSUM）法分析学习曲线。[结果]根据手术先后顺序,前10例为学习组,后7例为成熟组。成熟组手术时间[(123.3±11.3) min vs (147.3±11.3) min, P<0.05]、运用机器人膝关节系统定位时间[(15.9±2.1) min vs (22.2±6.1) min, P<0.05]、调整计划假体时间[(17.6±4.2) min vs (23.5±5.2) min, P<0.05]均显著优于学习组;两组间股骨注册时间、胫骨注册时间、股骨远端截骨时间、胫骨近端截骨时间、股骨四合一截骨时间、围术期失血量、术后HKA角、切口愈合、住院时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后1个月KSS临床评分、KSS功能评分、HSS评分比较差异均无统计学意义（P>...     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨性关节炎

目的总结全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝骨性关节炎的经验,探讨其治疗效果。方法对215例（226膝）骨性关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术,应用KSS膝关节评分系统进行疗效分析。结果178例获得随访,时间15d～11年5个月,平均（29±8．2）个月,膝关节评分平均（87±3．9）分,优良率91．5％;膝关节功能评分平均（76±9．9）分,优良率66．6％。结论全膝关节表面置换术对于严重膝骨性关节炎的疼痛缓解、功能改善方面有良好疗效。     

全膝关节置换术后康复训练程序

人工全膝关节置换术 (total knee arthroplasty,TKA)是一种疗效十分确切的手术 ,术后优良率 >90 % ,但只把手术成功寄托在手术技术上 ,而不进行术后康复训练 ,则不能达到手术应有的疗效。通过临床实践 ,我们制定了人工全膝关节置换术后的康复训练程序。目的在于通过早期康复训练 ,恢复患者肢体功能及生活自理能力。1　一般资料本组收集 ,11例肿瘤病人 ,男 9例 ,女 2例 ,年龄最小 2 7岁 ,最大 35岁 ,平均年龄 31.5岁 ,发病时间最短 3个月 ,最长 2年 ,其中 7例为膝关节附近恶性肿瘤 ,发病时间短 ,术前均给予化疗 ,4例为骨巨细胞瘤 ,已破坏关…     

人工全膝关节置换术后早期康复护理体会

目的总结人工全膝关节置换术后早期康复护理体会。方法随机将60例人工全膝关节置换术后的患者分为2组,每组30例。对照组行常规护理,康复组在常规护理基础上采取早期康复护理。结果康复组术后下床活动时间及术后住院时间、第3天和1周的VAS评分,以及住院期间DVT发生率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后随访8~12个月。康复组术后1个月及6个月时的HSS评分和Barthel指数均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对人工全膝关节置换手术后的患者开展早期康复护理,能有效缓解疼痛程度、降低术后并发症风险,促进膝关节功能及生活能力恢复。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的评价人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效,探讨人工膝关节置换术后并发症的原因。方法本组24例30膝膝关节骨关节炎患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,一期单膝置换18例,双膝同时置换6例,均采用后方稳定性假体。结果本组随访1～4年,平均2年。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析,优24膝,良3膝,可2膝,差1膝,优良率90%。并发症：腓总神经损伤2例,人工膝关节脱位1例,有1膝差25°不能完全伸直。结论人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确进行人工膝关节置换的手术操作是取得满意临床效果的保证。     

ACCK髁限制性假体在初次人工全膝关节置换术中的应用

[目的]探讨ACCK髁限制性假体在初次人工全膝关节置换术的临床应用效果。[方法]选取2015年1月～2016年1月在本院使用ACCK髁限制性假体初次行人工全膝关节置换术复杂膝关节畸形患者35例(40膝)作为研究对象,记录平均手术时间、术中平均出血量及手术并发症等状况,随访12～24个月,于术前、末次随访测量膝关节活动度,评价膝关节VAS疼痛评分、HSS功能评分及KSS临床与功能评分。[结果]平均手术时间为(90.23±6.41) min(75～105 min)。术中平均出血量(679.47±76.42) ml(435～1 390 ml)。术后胫骨后倾角(6.68±1.53)°,冠状胫骨角(91.02±1.48)°,冠状股骨角(90.05±1.51)°,髋膝踝角度(179.66±1.49)°。随访期内无关节感染、血管神经损伤、假体松动、假体周围骨折、骨溶解、关节不稳等并发症发生。末次随访膝关节屈伸活动度、VAS评分、HSS评分及KSS评分均显著优于术前(P<0.001)。[结论]在初次人工全膝关节置换术采用ACCK髁限制性假体临床疗效显著,术后膝关节疼痛明显缓解,关节功能显著提高。     

初次人工全膝关节表面置换术治疗膝关节骨关节病108例的疗效观察

[目的]探讨初次人工全膝关节表面置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)治疗膝关节病的临床疗效。[方法]对108例130个膝关节行TKA,男50例(60膝),女58例(70膝);年龄47～87岁,平均71.5岁,术前诊断骨性关节炎62例(70膝),类风湿性关节炎37例(51膝),创伤性关节炎4例,滑膜软骨瘤病2例,色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎2例,陈旧关节结核1例,采用后方稳定假体80例(92膝),后交叉韧带保留假体28例(38膝)。[结果]108例患者均获随访,时间24～84个月,平均50.3个月。患者术后在疼痛、功能、活动度方面改善明显,采用HSS评分系统进行评分,由术前平均48.4分提高到89.3分。术后130个膝关节平均活动度为102°,126个膝关节术后力线正常,3例残留6°～8°内翻,1例后遗15°外翻畸形,手术优良率90.5%。[结论]TKA对治疗严重膝关节病效果满意,术中正确的选择切口,注意假体软组织平衡,精确截骨,注重术中髌骨轨迹的纠正是手术成功的关键。     

全膝关节表面置换术围手术期护理

目的 探讨全膝关节表面置换术围手术期护理方法.方法 回顾性分析28例全膝关节表面置换术患者围手术期护理,包括术前、术后基础和心理综合护理的资料.结果 28例患者经科学系统护理,术后功能恢复良好,均未见并发症发生.结论 加强全膝关节表面置换术患者围手术期的综合护理措施,可有效预防并发症、提高生活质量、利于患者早日康复.     

Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: High Perioperative Mortality and Complications

BackgroundAlthough perioperative medical management during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has improved, there is limited literature characterizing outcomes of patients with pulmonary hypertension (HTN). This study examined mortality, medical complications, implant survivorship, and clinical outcomes in this medically complex cohort.MethodsWe identified 887 patients with pulmonary HTN who underwent 881 primary TKAs and 228 revision TKAs from 2000 to 2016 at a tertiary care center. Patients were followed up at regular intervals until death, revision surgery, or last clinical follow-up. Perioperative medical complications were individually reviewed. The risk of death was examined by calculating standardized mortality ratios and Cox proportional hazards regression models. Cumulative incidence analysis was used for reporting mortality, revision, and reoperation with death as a competing risk.ResultsThe 90-day mortality was 0.7% and 4.8% for primary and revision TKAs, respectively. The risk of death was 2-fold higher compared to primary (hazard ratio 2.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-3.05) and revision (hazard ratio 2.16, 95% CI 1.78-2.62) TKA patients without pulmonary HTN. Rate of medical complications within 90 days from surgery was 6.5% and 14% in primary and revision TKAs. The 10-year cumulative incidence of any revision was 5% and 16% in primaries and revisions, respectively.ConclusionPatients with pulmonary HTN undergoing primary and revision TKAs had excess risk of death and experience a high rate of medical complications within 90 days of surgery. Counseling of risks, medical optimization, and referral to tertiary centers should be considered.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.     

The Future is Non-cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: Volume Trends at the Hospital for Special Surgery

IntroductionThe optimal fixation method for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is still a debate. Cemented fixation has excellent long-term results and is the gold standard. However, longevity in the younger, heavier, and more active population is suboptimal. Cementless TKA offers the opportunity to gain biological fixation and overcome these shortcomings.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all consecutive cementless TKA procedures performed at a single academic institution from 2016 until 2020. Demographics, aseptic revisions, and septic revisions were pulled from the electronic medical record. The number of yearly implanted cementless TKA prosthesis was determined to analyze utilization trends.ResultsEight-hundred and two patients were identified with a mean age of 61.57 ± 7.78 years, and a mean of BMI 32.12 ± 5.98 kg/m². The mean time to revision was 12.31 ± 13.91 months. There were four septic failures and nine aseptic failures during the study period. Of these nine aseptic failures only five were due to mechanical loosening. There was a yearly linear increase in the use of cementless fixation.ConclusionCementless fixation is here to stay, and its use will continue to increase. Early and mid-term outcomes have been excellent thus far. Changing clinical practice takes time but we have already seen this transition take place in total hip arthroplasty. As technology and design continue to evolve, we believe it is a possibility.     

Learning Curve With Minimally Invasive Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

This study examined 445 consecutive minimally invasive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties (UKAs) from one institution to determine whether revision and reoperation rates would decrease as the number of cases performed increased, indicating the presence of a learning curve with this procedure. At a mean of 3.25 years, 26 knees required revision yielding an overall revision rate of 5.8%; survivorship at 2 years with revision as an end point was 96% ± 1.7%. Both revisions and reoperations decreased over time but not significantly. For the first half of UKA cases performed vs the second half, revision rates fell from 5.0% to 2.5%, and reoperation rates fell from 8.1% to 5.4%. These data demonstrate that despite modifications made to improve surgical technique across time, a substantial complication rate with this procedure persists.     

使用与不用骨水泥固定人工膝关节置换术后疗效的比较

探讨使用与不用骨水泥固定氧化铝陶瓷制NCU型TKA术后的疗效。1989～1995年,为了治疗晚期骨性关节病及类风湿病,共施行NCU型TKA68例103个关节。对获得平均随访5年8个月的65例99个关节的以胫骨假体为中心的临床评价及X线计测的结果进行了比较性分析。临床评价方法是以JOA膝关节评价基准为标准,X线的评价方法是将术前、术后、最终调查时的正侧位X线照片数字化后输入电子计算机利用电脑软件系统进行了计测与评价。65例99个关节TKA术后经随访5年以上的结果表明NCU型TKA术后获得了比较良好的疗效。术后并发症7％,再手术率5％,不用骨水泥组疗效劣于使用骨水泥固定组,两组间的疼痛评分及透亮线出现率的差异均有显著性统计学意义。