罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因低位硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。方法60例行下腹部手术病人。随机分成三组,每组20例。Ⅰ组：0．5％罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组：0．5％左旋布比卡因;Ⅲ组：0．5％布比卡因。行连续低位硬膜外麻醉。观察感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界、运动阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞程度及麻醉质量。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组首次局麻药用量分别为（14．38±1．57）、（14．75±0．50）和（13．80±1．30）ml。Ⅰ组运动阻滞起效时间比Ⅲ组长（P〈0．05）,Ⅰ组Bromage评分为1分的例数多于Ⅲ组（P〈0．05）。与Ⅲ组比较,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界差异均无统计学意义。Ⅲ组SBP在感觉阻滞平面达上界及运动阻滞起效时有明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论0．5％罗哌旨因、左旋布比卡因或布比卡因连续硬膜外麻醉均可产生良好的感觉和运动阻滞,三种药物药效学相似。     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因硬膜外镇痛的比较

我们将罗哌卡因和布比卡因用于剖宫产患行术后硬膜外镇痛，进行临床观察，取得了良好效果，现总结如下：     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞麻醉效果的Meta分析

目的 评价罗哌卡因在硬膜外阻滞麻醉应用中的效果与安全性. 方法 检索PubMed、中国学术期刊全文等数据库中罗哌卡因与布比卡因在硬膜外阻滞麻醉的对比研究,利用Meta分析专用软件RevMan 5.0进行系统评价,重点分析罗哌卡因与布比卡因在感觉阻滞起效时间、运动阻滞恢复时间以及低血压发生率间的差异. 结果 12项研究纳入Meta分析,其中罗哌卡因组362例,布比卡因组377例.罗哌卡因与布比卡因比较,具有较短的感觉阻滞起效时间(Z=2.24,P=0.02,I2=20.5％,P＞0.05),与运动阻滞恢复时间(Z=5.70,P＜0.01,I2=58.9％,P＞0.05),但两者低血压发生率差别无统计学意义(Z=1.06,P＞0.05,I22=0,P＞0.05).结论 罗哌卡因麻醉效果确切,运动阻滞恢复快,具有较高的硬膜外阻滞麻醉优越性.     

罗哌卡因与布比卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对食管癌根治术病人肺、循环功能的影响

胸段硬膜外阻滞易致膈神经和肋间神经阻滞,影响通气功能和呼吸方式,主要与所用局麻药的浓度和容积以及穿刺点的位置有关[1]。罗哌卡因具有运动神经阻滞起效慢、强度弱、运动与感觉明显分离等特点。本文旨在探讨不同浓度的罗哌卡因与布比卡因胸段硬膜外阻滞对对食管癌根治术病人肺、循环功能的影响,为更安全地应用胸段硬膜外麻醉提供参考。     

0.75%罗哌卡因和0.5%布比卡因用于硬膜外阻滞剖宫产手术的比较

目的 比较０．７５％罗哌卡因和０．５％布比卡因对剖宫产手术硬膜外麻醉的临床效果。为罗哌卡因临床应用提供客观依据。方法 ２０例剖宫产术患者（ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级）随机分为二组，Ｉ组：０．７５％罗派卡因（ｎ＝１０例），ＩＩ组：０．５％布比卡因（ｎ＝１０例）取Ｌ２－３行硬膜外穿刺，向上置管３ｃｍ，注入１．０％利多卡因５ｍｌ试验量，５分钟后注入首次剂量罗哌卡因或布比卡因８～１５ｍｌ总量不超过２０ｍｌ，结果：两组     

芬太尼对罗哌卡因低位硬膜外麻醉效果的影响

目的探讨芬太尼对罗哌卡因行低位矿膜外麻醉时的麻醉效果及其量效关系的影响。方法60例ASAI-Ⅱ级择期腰椎间盘手术成年病人，随机分为A、B、C三组，每组20例，均于T12／L1椎间隙行硬膜外腔穿刺，向下置管3cm。硬膜外局麻药配方分别为：A组0．5％罗哌卡因、B组0．5％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼2mg／L、C组0．5％罗哌卡因＋芬太尼4mg／L。观察记录麻醉效果，持续时间，运动阻滞程度及副作用等。应用Probit半数效量回归法分别计算三组ED50值和ED95值。结果三组配方60例病人在腰椎手术中行硬膜外麻醉有58例获得满意效果。罗哌卡因在C组ED50值和ED95值均明显小于A组（P〈0．05）。C组麻醉持续时间较A、B组长，Bromage评级较A、B组低（P〈0．05），三组间不良反应发生例数无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论低位硬膜外麻醉时芬太尼能明显增强罗哌卡因麻醉效果，延长麻醉作用时间，并减轻下肢运动阻滞程度，其中C组效果最佳。     

罗哌卡因与丁哌卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产的药效学比较

目的 将新型酰胺类局部麻醉药罗哌卡因的的药效学与丁哌卡因进行比较。方法 选择行择期剖宫产的产妇２０例,分成两组进行硬膜外麻醉。随机在硬膜外注入０．７５％罗哌卡因。对镇平面及达到最高平面和最低平面所用时间,运动阻滞程度及恢复时间,术中镇痛效果,新生儿Ａｐｇａｒ评分,不良反应的发生情况,血压和心率的变化进行观察。．     

硬膜外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学

目的 研究国人在硬腊外阻滞时罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药代动力学特征。方法 选择１４例手术病人、随机分为两组、硬膜外阻滞时,分别注产哌卡因２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ或布比卡因２．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。用气相色谱法测定血浆药物浓度。结果 罗哌卡因和布比卡因的药＝时曲线均会合二室开放模型。ｔ１／２ｋａ分别为０．２２小时和０．１４小时,Ｔ分别为０．５１和０．４７小时,Ｃａｍｘ分别１．０６ｍｇ．／ｋｇ．Ｌ＾１和１．４４ｍｇ．Ｌ＾     

罗哌卡因-利多卡因合剂在高胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床研究

罗哌卡因是一种新型长效酰胺类局麻药,其药理特性介于利多卡因和布比卡因之间。本文拟探讨其用于高胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床效果,并与1％利多卡因+0.15％地卡因合剂行对照研究。 资料和方法 40例拟行乳腺手术女性病人,年龄18～55岁,体重50～80kg,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,无硬膜外麻醉禁忌。随机分成两组:0.5％罗哌卡因+0.67％利多卡因（R组）和1％利多卡     

Lung Function under High Thoracic Segmental Epidural Anesthesia with Ropivacaine or Bupivacaine in Patients with Severe Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Undergoing Breast Surgery

Background: Because general anesthesia with tracheal intubation can elicit life-threatening bronchospasm in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity, epidural anesthesia is often preferred. However, segmental high thoracic epidural anesthesia (sTEA) causes pulmonary sympathetic and respiratory motor blockade. Whether it can be safely used for chest wall surgery as a primary anesthetic technique in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma is unclear. Furthermore, ropivacaine supposedly evokes less motor blockade than bupivacaine and might minimize side effects. To test the feasibility of the technique and the hypotheses that (1) sTEA with ropivacaine or bupivacaine does not change lung function and (2) there is no difference between sTEA with ropivacaine or bupivacaine, the authors studied 20 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] = 52.1 +/- 17.3% of predicted [mean +/- SD]) or asthma who were undergoing breast surgery.

Methods: In a double-blind, randomized fashion, sTEA was performed with 6.6 +/- 0.5 ml of either ropivacaine, 0.75% (n = 10), or bupivacaine, 0.75% (n = 10). FEV1, vital capacity, FEV1 over vital capacity, spread of analgesia (pin prick), hand and foot skin temperatures, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and local anesthetic plasma concentrations were measured with patients in the sitting and supine positions before and during sTEA.

Results: Segmental high thoracic epidural anesthesia (segmental spread C4-T8 [bupivacaine] and C5-T9 [ropivacaine]) significantly decreased FEV1 from 1.22 +/- 0.54 l (supine) to 1.09 +/- 0.56 l (ropivacaine) and from 1.23 +/- 0.49 l to 1.12 +/- 0.46 l (bupivacaine). In contrast, FEV1 over vital capacity increased from 64.6 +/- 13.5 to 68.2 +/- 14.5% (ropivacaine) and from 62.8 +/- 12.4 to 66.5 +/- 13.6% (bupivacaine). There was no difference between ropivacaine and bupivacaine. Skin temperatures increased significantly, whereas arterial pressure and heart rate significantly decreased indicating widespread sympathetic blockade. All 20 patients tolerated surgery well.     

罗哌卡因在儿科麻醉中的研究进展--与布比卡因的比较

新型长效局麻药罗哌卡因在小儿阻滞麻醉中的镇痛效果确切,运动阻滞程度较低.加用可乐定或S(+)-氯胺酮可显著延长其镇痛时间.罗哌卡因用于年长儿持续硬膜外阻滞的推荐剂量为0.4 mg·kg-1·h-1.罗哌卡因在新生儿及婴儿中的清除率降低,持续硬膜阻滞时应适当降低剂量,输注时间不宜超过(36～48)h.     

低浓度罗比卡因复合低剂量芬太尼在高胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床研究

选择高位胸段硬膜外麻醉下行乳腺切除的ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级患24例，随机分成两组：0．25％罗比卡因 2μg／m1芬太尼(R)组和0．25％布比卡因(B)组。麻醉前后定时测血压(SBP、DBP)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SPO2)、呼吸频率(RR)、动脉血二氧化碳(PaC02)、感觉被阻滞范围。两组均能满足麻醉要求(C5-T8)。麻醉后两组血压(SBP、DBP)、心率(HR)显下降(P＜0．01)，两组间麻醉后心率(HR)有显差异(P＜0．05)，R组下降幅度大于B组。R组SPO2麻醉前后无显变化，而B组显下降(P＜0．01)，两组间有显差异(P＜0．01)。R组麻醉后PaC02下降(P＜0．05)，B组麻醉后上升(P＜0．01)，两组间有显差异(P＜0．01)。0．25％罗比卡因 2μg/ml芬太尼在高位胸段硬膜外麻醉中更安全。     

Thoracic Epidural Analgesia I-A Double-Blind Study between Bupivacaine and Etidocaine

A double-blind comparison was made in 40 patients undergoing thoracic epidural analgesia with either bupivacaine 0.5 % or etidocaine 1.0 %, both with adrenaline 5 μg/ml. All patients were undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. They were studied both pre- and postoperatively. The parameters measured were: onset time, segmental spread and duration of analgesia; and also systolic blood pressure, heart rate and peak expiratory flow rate. In respect of these parameters, no major differences were found between the two solutions under the conditions of the study. The overall results, however, differ in many respects to those found when these agents are used in lumbar epidural analgesia.     

Factors Affecting the Spread and Duration of Epidural Anesthesia with Ropivacaine

Background: Epidural anesthesia has an unpredictable extent and duration. Differences in the surface area of the lumbosacral dura, epidural fat volume, and epidural venous plexus velocity might explain the variability in the extent and duration of epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine.

Methods: Twenty-six healthy patients, aged 18-45 y, undergoing peripheral orthopedic surgery were enrolled. Dural surface area and posterior epidural fat volume were calculated from low thoracic, lumbar, and sacral axial magnetic resonance images obtained at 8-mm increments. Epidural venous plexus velocity at the L3-L4 disk level was derived from phase-contrast magnetic resonance images. The patients received 100 mg ropivacaine (1.0%) epidurally. The spread and duration of sensory anesthesia was assessed by pinprick, and that of motor block was assessed using a modified Bromage scale. Statistical correlation coefficients ([rho]) between magnetic resonance imaging and epidural anesthesia measurements were assessed by Spearman rank correlation. Stepwise multiple linear regression models were used to select important predictors of measures of epidural anesthesia.

Results: Dural surface area correlated with peak sensory block level ([rho] = -0.73, P = 0.0003) and onset time of caudal and cephalad block ([rho] = 0.62, P = 0.002; [rho] = -0.63, P = 0.002). Fat volume correlated with the regression to L5-S3 ([rho] = -0.44 to -0.54, P = 0.029 to 0.007). Epidural venous plexus velocity was significantly correlated with the regression to L3 ([rho] = -0.42, P = 0.038) and L4 ([rho] = -0.48, P = 0.017). Multiple regression analysis revealed that dural surface area was a significant predictive variable for the peak sensory block level (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.0001).