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1.
胸腔镜辅助下小切口在胸椎前路手术的临床应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨胸腔镜辅助下小切口行胸椎前路手术的可行性. 方法 2001年10月~2002年10月,我院在胸腔镜辅助下小切口行胸椎前路手术14例.其中6例胸椎转移瘤行病变椎体切除、钢板骨水泥椎体重建及前路针棒内固定;4例胸椎结核行病灶清除、植骨及前路钉棒内固定;2例胸椎间盘突出症行髓核摘除、椎间植骨融合;2例胸椎椎体骨折合并脱位行脱位椎体复位、椎管减压、椎体间植骨及前路钉棒内固定. 结果术后影像学显示病灶清除彻底,内固定效果确切.14例术后随访 4~12个月,14例胸背痛完全消失,13例脊髓压迫症中除1例转移瘤无改善外,其余12例肌力术前A~D级,术后恢复至C~E级. 结论胸腔镜辅助下小切口行胸椎前路手术方法可行,近期疗效满意.  相似文献   

2.
胸腔镜技术在胸椎、上腰椎前路手术的应用   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
目的探讨胸椎、上腰椎前路手术应用胸腔镜技术的可行性. 方法 5例胸、腰椎结核(T6~L2)行胸腔镜下结核病灶清除、植骨或非植骨术;3例椎体爆裂性骨折合并截瘫(T10~T12)及1例陈旧性椎体爆裂骨折合并马尾综合征(L1)行胸腔镜下脊髓减压、植骨、钢板螺丝钉内固定术;1例T3~4椎间盘突出伴脊髓压迫症行胸腔镜下减压融合术. 结果全部病例切口Ⅰ期愈合,CT或MRI显示病灶清除彻底,脊髓充分减压,除1例骨折复位、固定后仍有轻度成角畸形外,均复位满意,内固定可靠,位置良好. 结论胸椎、上腰椎疾患,不论是否并发脊髓、马尾神经压迫,都适宜在胸腔镜辅助下进行病灶清除术,必要时还可进行脊髓减压、脊柱前路植骨、内固定手术.  相似文献   

3.
目的总结胸腔镜辅助下前路一期行病灶清除、植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核的临床疗效。方法 2000年10月-2007年1月,采用胸腔镜辅助下前路一期病灶清除、植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核患者16例。其中男9例,女7例;年龄23~72岁,平均41岁。病变累及T3~12;单节段14例,双节段2例。术前Frankel分级:B级5例,C级9例,D级2例。术中9例行钉棒系统内固定,7例行Z-plate系统内固定;其中自体髂骨植骨11例,钛网植骨5例。结果手术均顺利完成。患者均获随访,随访时间24~36个月,平均27个月。患者均无复发,治愈率100%。X线片示植骨于术后5~12个月均达骨性愈合,平均9个月。术后1个月融合节段后凸角度较术前明显改善(P0.01)。末次随访时使用钉棒系统和Z-plate内固定患者的后凸角度和矫正度丢失比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.01)。末次随访时神经功能Frankel分级:D级2例,E级14例。结论胸腔镜辅助下前路一期病灶清除、植骨内固定治疗胸椎结核,在彻底清除病灶的同时行植骨内固定,具有创伤小、恢复快的优点。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨前路一期病灶清除联合植骨融合内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核合并不全瘫痪的治疗效果.方法 对16例胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核并脊髓损伤致不完全瘫痪的患者经胸或胸腹前路行一期病灶清除、椎间肋骨(钛网)植骨、椎体行内固定术.术后正规四联化疗方案治疗.结果 患者切口均一期愈合.16例均获随访,时间12 ~60个月.植骨部分融合时间为3~8个月,到末次随访时植骨全部融合.后凸畸形明显改善.无钛网移位及内固定松动发生.结论 经胸及胸腹前路一期病灶清除联合肋骨(钛网)植骨及内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核合并不全瘫痪疗效满意.  相似文献   

5.
钛网植骨与Z-plate内固定在胸腰椎结核治疗中的应用   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
目的 :探讨胸腰椎结核一期完成前路病灶清除、钛网植骨和Z plate钢板内固定的可行性和优越性。方法 :2 0 0 0年 8月~ 2 0 0 3年 12月采用该手术方法治疗胸腰椎结核共 2 6例 ,其中胸椎 (T3~ 10 ) 9例 ,胸腰椎 (T11~L2 ) 13例 ,腰椎 (L3~ 5) 4例。结果 :术后平均随访 13个月 ,植骨融合率 10 0 % ,后凸矫正角度平均 17°。 2 6例全部治愈 ,无 1例复发。结论 :本方法入路简单 ,所有操作在同一切口内完成 ;创伤小、出血少 ,不易损伤椎旁脏器及血管 ,安全性高 ;钛网配合Z plate使用 ,更有利子脊柱稳定性重建 ,提高植骨融合率和结核治愈率  相似文献   

6.
椎弓根系统内固定前路植骨融合治疗脊柱结核合并后凸畸形   总被引:15,自引:5,他引:10  
目的 :总结应用椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合术治疗脊柱结核合并后凸畸形的临床效果。方法 :回顾分析 1997年 3月~ 2 0 0 0年 10月行椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合术治疗的脊柱结核合并后凸畸形患者 44例 ,对于胸椎或胸腰椎结核 ,采用单切口双入路 ,以使病灶和内固定器隔开。观察内容包括植骨融合率、后凸畸形矫正状况及截瘫恢复情况。随访时间 1.5~ 4.5年 ,平均 3 .0年。结果 :术后 1年患者均显示骨性融合 ;术后后凸畸形平均矫正 2 6 .7°。1.5~ 4.5年后随访 ,后凸角度平均丢失 3 .0° ;2 8例合并截瘫患者中 ,症状改善 2 5例 ,改善率 89.3 %。结论 :后路椎弓根系统内固定加前路植骨融合能矫正后凸畸形 ,阻止后凸畸形进一步发展 ,加强脊柱的稳定性 ,促进截瘫恢复。  相似文献   

7.
目的:总结一期前路病灶清除、自体骨植骨融合及前路内固定治疗多椎体脊柱结核的临床效果。方法:1998年5月~2008年5月收治多椎体脊柱结核(≥3个椎体,包括跳跃性病灶)患者41例,病灶分布为C4~S1,颈椎2例,胸椎14例,胸腰段19例,腰椎4例,腰骶椎2例。伴截瘫者7例,Frankel分级C级4例,B级2例,A级1例。伴后凸成角21例。均采用一期前路病灶清除、自体骨植骨融合及内固定术治疗,随访观察治疗效果。结果:随访12个月~10年,平均67个月。7例截瘫患者术后1年神经功能较术前均有恢复。后凸畸形术前平均Cobb角23.5°,术后平均11.5°,末次随访时平均丢失3.8°。内固定松动1例,伤口及植骨延迟愈合2例。所有患者均骨性融合,结核无复发。结论:多椎体脊柱结核患者采用一期前路病灶清除、自体骨植骨融合、前路内固定治疗可取得良好效果。  相似文献   

8.
脊柱结核外科治疗的探讨   总被引:79,自引:4,他引:75  
目的总结采用彻底清除病灶和植骨消灭死腔,通过坚强内固定矫正畸形和重建脊柱稳定性治疗脊柱结核的疗效。方法自1996年10月至2002年7月共手术治疗脊柱结核152例,结核病灶位于颈椎15例、胸椎67例、胸腰段17例、腰椎53例,病灶范围1~3个椎体,无跳跃病灶。手术方法:(1)前路一期病灶清除植骨、钢板内固定;(2)经肋横突切除入路行病灶清除植骨、经椎弓根内固定;(3)后方入路行病灶清除、植骨融合和椎弓根内固定;(4)前路病灶清除植骨、后路椎弓根固定。术后配戴支具3~5个月,抗结核药物治疗6~9个月。定期进行实验室检查和影像学观察。结果(1)手术时间和出血量:前后路联合手术平均术时4.5h,术中平均出血650ml;前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定,平均术时3.5h,术中平均出血450ml;其余两种手术平均术时3.0h,术中平均出血350ml。(2)手术创伤和并发症:前后路联合手术创伤较大,前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定术次之。手术并发症有大血管破裂1例,暂时性窦道形成5例,内固定器松动和断裂3例。(3)临床疗效:患者术后1~2周症状基本缓解并下床行走,术后6~8周日常生活基本自理,术后6个月X线片显示植骨融合。患者结核病灶全部治愈。结论有效应用抗结核药物是脊柱结核手术成功的前提,坚强内固定有利于矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性、促进植骨融合。抗结核药物和病灶彻底清除是内固定安全植人的前提。脊柱结核的外科治疗应该是病灶清除、减压矫形、植骨融合和坚强固定。  相似文献   

9.
前路一期手术治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的观察前路一期病灶清除联合植骨融合内固定治疗胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核的外科治疗效果。方法 2004-2008年收治胸椎及胸腰段脊柱结核初治病例184例,经胸或胸腹前路行一期病灶清除、椎间肋骨(钛网)植骨、椎体棒板系统内固定术。术后根据药物敏感试验以个体化的化疗方案治疗1.0-1.5年。结果伤口均Ⅰ期愈合。并发症包括肋间神经痛、气胸/胸腔积液。随访1-4年,平均2.3年,随访期内结核无复发,神经损害改善或完全恢复,所有患者均显示骨性融合,后凸畸形平均矫正29.5°。结论经胸或胸腹前路一期病灶清除联合肋骨(钛网)植骨及钢板内固定术是治疗胸椎或胸腰段脊柱结核较好的手术方式之一。  相似文献   

10.
近年来结核病呈高发趋势,脊柱结核越来越多,而胸椎结核约占脊柱结核的25%,而多节段胸椎结核增多,随着胸腔镜技术的发展,有学者将其应用在脊柱侧弯的治疗,有少数学者将其应用脊柱结核的治疗,但对于多节段胸椎结核却未见报道,我院于2002年10月~2006年3月胸腔镜技术辅助小切口经前路病灶清除、植骨融合内固定治疗24例多节段胸椎结核患者获得了良好的临床疗效。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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