小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗下肢远端严重肢体缺血28例报告

目的 观察小球囊扩张远端血管对膝下缺血性病变导致的下肢远端严重肢体缺血（critical limb ischemia,CLI）的疗效。方法 2005年10月～2006年4月对28例膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞使用小口径球囊（直径≤3 mm）进行介入治疗。结果 成功对85条病变血管进行球囊扩张,无严重并发症。20例有效,6例显效,有效率92.8%（26/28）,2例无效,其中1例术后2个月病情恶化行膝下截肢。术后3个月总有效率78.6%（22/28）,踝/肱指数（ABI）由术前0.27±0.24升高为术后3 d 0.65±0.38（t=10.559,P=0.000）;术后3个月未发现治疗血管再狭窄〉50%。结论 小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗膝下血管病变导致的下肢远端严重缺血近期疗效确切,远期疗效尚待观察。     

膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术在糖尿病足治疗中的应用

目的探讨膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术在糖尿病足治疗中的应用价值。方法选择我院2005年10月-2006年9月收治的以膝下动脉闭塞为主的糖尿病足患者33例，共44条肢体，均采用单纯球囊扩张成形术治疗膝下血管病变。结果44条肢体中技术成功40条（90．91％），临床成功42条（95．45％）。术后平均随访6个月（2～12个月），所有患者的肢体症状均未见加重或复发。结论膝下血管微球囊扩张成形术可以有效改善肢体远端血供，有效防止糖尿病足病发展，促进肢端创面愈合，提高患者生活质量，近期疗效显著，远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗膝下动脉粥样硬化闭塞症的评价

目的 评价经皮腔内血管成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗膝下动脉粥样硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)的疗效.方法 回顾性研究2007年1月至2011年6月我科收治的累及膝下动脉ASO并行PTA治疗的患者的临床资料.结果 138例患者,平均年龄(77.31±7.52)岁,治疗膝下动脉所用球囊平均直径 2.8mm(2～4mm),平均长度110.6mm(40～170mm),术中及术后无严重并发症.术后早期治疗肢体临床症状明显改善率为100%,无截肢患者.平均随访24.1个月(4～58个月),治疗肢体术后2年临床症状明显改善率78.4%,救肢率93.9%.结论 PTA治疗膝下动脉ASO可有效改善临床缺血症状并提高救肢率.     

膝下动脉球囊血管成形术治疗重症下肢缺血的临床研究

目的 评价膝下动脉闭塞首选球囊血管成形术的临床治疗效果.方法 2005年12月至2009年5月,对于连续收治且符合手术指征的54例(61条肢体)膝下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的重症下肢缺血患者,采用膝下动脉球囊血管成形术进行治疗.其中男性37例,女性17例,平均年龄66岁.术前踝肱指数平均0.43±0.27.根据病变部位选择手术方法,膝下动脉病变首选球囊血管成形术,合并髂股动脉病变同时进行血管重建(支架置入或动脉旁路术).结果 髂股动脉重建(28条肢体行支架置入,5条肢体行动脉旁路术)均一期成功.膝下动脉球囊血管成形术57条肢体获得一期成功,技术成功率93.4%.围手术期主要并发症为小腿血肿3例(4.9%),膝下截肢2例(3.3%).术后踝肱指数增加至0.86±0.21,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).本组平均随访时间(16±11)个月,一期通畅率61.1%,21条肢体发生再狭窄(38.9%),其中10条肢体再次接受外科干预,二期通畅率75.9%.截肢3条肢体,总的救肢率91.8%.结论 球囊血管成形术是治疗重症下肢缺血安全有效的方法,可以作为膝下动脉病变首选的外科干预手段.     

血管、淋巴管

雌激素在大鼠腹主动脉瘤形成中的作用；血管外科专家笔谈；血管外科；膝下动脉腔内成形术治疗严重下肢缺血;56例朋动脉以下肢体动脉缺血的血管重建术分析     

微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病

目的 观察微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病的疗效.方法 对采用微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗的32例(37条肢体)膝下动脉闭塞性疾病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.按Fontaine分期:Ⅲ期22条患肢(59.5%),Ⅳ期15条患肢(40.5%).术前踝/肱指数(ABI)为0.22±0.20.结果 技术成功35条肢体,成功率94.6%.35条肢体中术后静息痛消失21条肢体(60.0%),明显缓解12条肢体(34.3%),减轻2条肢体(5.7%);8例足部溃疡患者中愈合3条肢体,缩小5例.膝下截肢1条肢体,半足切除2条肢体.术后ABI 0.73±0.21,较术前有显著提高(P<0.01).手术成功的35条肢体均行术后随访,随访时间1～29个月,平均13.6个月.随访中2条肢体分别于术后6,14个月再次出现静息痛,经二次经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗后症状消失;其余33条肢体症状、体征均无加重或复发.结论 微球囊血管腔内成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性疾病安全可行,且创伤小、恢复快、近期疗效确切.远期效果有待进一步观察.     

膝下动脉闭塞性病变的血管腔内治疗

膝下动脉病变大多呈弥漫多节段,甚至长段闭塞,以往只能采用大隐静脉旁路移植术治疗,但旁路移植术治疗创伤较大,技术要求高,一些患者愿意选择创伤性小的治疗方法[1].因此,当前如何更好地改善膝下动脉血供,减少或避免发生肢端缺血坏死,避免截肢或降低截肢平面,仍是血管外科医师关注的临床课题.我院于2008年3月至2009年12月对9例膝下动脉闭塞性病变采用经皮腔内血管成形术(percutaneots transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗,现治疗体会报告如下.     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变

目的评价经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病患者下肢缺血的疗效。方法回顾分析我科2008年5月～2012年3月经皮腔内血管成形术治疗2型糖尿病下肢缺血89例的l临床资料,记录其内科情况、股胭动脉TASC（泛大西洋协作组）Ⅱ分级、流出道评分、Rutherford分期以及术后30天并发症。随访计算一期通畅率（Kaplan—Meier）、分级情况、保肢率,观察其疗效。结果共89例108条患肢。年龄（70．5±8．6）岁。术前踝肱指数（ABI）中位数0．36（0～0．73）,术后1个月0．79（0．33～1．15,Z=-3．276,P=0．001）。术前胫腓动脉流出道评分中位数7．5分（3．5～10分）,术后即刻中位数6．0分（1．5～9分,Z=-2．948,P=0．003）。股胭及膝下胫腓动脉腔内血管成形术技术成功率分别为97．2％（105／108）和93．3％（98／105）。随访患者86例105条患肢。中位随访时间13个月（5～46个月）,随访期间死亡3例,均死于急性心肌梗死,随访率90．7％（78／86）。术后1年股胭动脉一期通畅率67．3％,胫腓动脉为56．3％,1年保肢率91．9％（34／37）,1年时症状缓解率83．3％（90／108）。结论经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞性病变症状缓解明显,有较高的保肢率,可以作为糖尿病合并下肢动脉闭塞性病变．特别是膝下病变治疗的首选．远期疗效有待讲一步观察．     

膝下动脉血管成形术治疗糖尿病足

目的:研究小口径球囊(2～4mm)扩张膝下血管对糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血(critica llimb ischaemia)的疗效。方法:对120例糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血患者使用小口径球囊进行扩张。结果:成功地对110例患者进行了扩张,无严重并发症发生,成功率91.6%。踝肱指数平均0.85%。结论:小球囊扩张膝下血管对糖尿病导致的下肢严重缺血疗效显著,近期结果满意。     

锥形Amphirion Deep长球囊治疗膝下动脉缺血15例分析

应用Amphirion Deep球囊治疗下肢动脉缺血在国外已广泛开展,在国内发展也很迅速,其确切疗效不断被证实[1],但应用锥形Amphirion Deep长球囊治疗膝下动脉缺血迄今未见报道.我院自2009年3月至2009年9月应用锥形Amphirion Deep长球囊血管成形治疗膝下动脉缺血共15例(15条肢体),现报告如下.     

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Management of Critical Ischemia in Arteries below the Knee

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) can be performed safely in arteries below the knee by using current coaxial catheters. This study includes 37 consecutive patients treated between March 1992 and March 1999 by PTA for limb-threatening infrageniculate occlusive artery disease. The mean duration of follow-up was 28 months. Limb salvage was achieved in 32 patients. The actuarial limb salvage rate at 2 years was 87 ± 6%. This study shows that PTA was a viable alternative to surgical treatment for management of critical lower extremity ischemia in carefully selected patients. Limb salvage rates after PTA and conventional surgical revascularization seem comparable. Based on these findings, we recommend that PTA be attempted, whenever possible, for initial treatment of patients presenting critical, limb-threatening ischemia due to isolated or multiple stenoses of below-knee arteries.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of tibial arteries for limb salvage in the high-risk diabetic patient

Recent advances in balloon catheter technology allow percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of small arteries such as the tibial arteries. PTA can thus be used to treat lower limb ischemia in diabetic patients whose arterial occlusive disease is often localized to the tibial arteries. This series included 14 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent tibial PTA for treatment of limb-threatening ischemia from 1986 to 1992. PTA was selected over conventional bypass procedures because of a lack of autogenous conduit or because of an unacceptably high surgical risk. Limb loss was imminent without prompt improvement in foot perfusion in all patients. Mean follow-up of 17 months demonstrated long-term limb salvage in 10/13 (77%) and late cardiac-related death in 3/13 (23%). This series demonstrates that although conventional arterial bypass should routinely supersede angioplasty procedures, tibial PTA offers the opportunity for limb salvage in diabetic patients with inadequate autogenous conduit for distal tibial bypass and may serve as an option for those who are considered too high risk for conventional bypass. Morbidity and mortality rates of tibial PTA parallel those of major amputation in this population with the obvious benefit of achieving limb salvage in carefully selected diabetic patients.Presented at the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Washington, D.C., June 6, 1993.     

膝下血管成形术治疗重症肢体缺血的临床疗效

目的评价膝下经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗重症肢体缺血(CLI)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析48例(50条患肢)接受膝下PTA治疗的下肢CLI患者,统计PTA的技术成功率、围术期并发症、PTA术后的缺血症状缓解情况、治疗血管的通畅情况和大截肢情况。结果共针对64条膝下动脉施行PTA,技术成功率为85.94%(55/64);围术期并发症发生率为12.50%(6/48)。平均随访(16.25±2.65)个月;PTA术后1、3、6、12、24、36个月的1期血管通畅率分别为92.0%、85.7%、79.0%、75.8%、59.8%、29.9%;保肢率分别为92.0%、92.0%、89.7%、86.4%、82.1%、72.9%。50条患肢中,1、3、6个月时的缺血症状缓解率分别为42.00%(21/50)、70.21%(33/47)和86.36%(38/44)。结论膝下PTA治疗CLI技术可行,安全性高,能有效缓解CLI的静息痛症状、促进肢体溃疡的愈合,避免大截肢的发生。     

胫腓动脉血管成形术治疗下肢严重缺血35例

目的 评价胫腓动脉经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗下肢严重缺血的可行性、安全性和有效性.方法 对2004年6月至2007年5月收治的35例胫腓动脉闭塞的下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)患者应用PTA治疗.评价的主要参数为:胫腓动脉PTA技术成功率、通畅率、救肢率和并发症.结果 胫腓动脉PTA的技术成功率为83%,平均随访11.5个月,通畅率为57%,救肢率82%.胫腓动脉平均扩张长度9.5 cm(4.5～14 cm),19例患者同时行髂或股胭动脉PTA或支架术.有3例并发症发生,其中1例动脉痉挛和血栓形成,经溶柃、解痉等治疗缓解;2例动脉穿孔,未有严重后果.结论 PTA治疗CLI合并胫腓动脉闭塞具有较高技术成功率和救肢率,较少发生严重并发症,是一种安全、有效可供选择的治疗方法.     

长段股胭动脉硬化闭塞的腔内治疗

目的 评价血管腔内治疗长段股腘动脉硬化闭塞的临床效果.方法 2006年4月～2009年1月采用血管腔内治疗长段股胭动脉硬化闭塞10例,10条肢体术中同时行股胭动脉血管腔内球囊扩张成及支架植入术.结果 手术技术成功率是90%,放置10个支架,术后12个月通畅率为70%,术后血管再狭窄率30%.结论 血管腔内成形治疗长段股胭动脉硬化闭塞是一种安全有效的治疗方法.     

Pedal Bypass for Limb Salvage

Background: Pedal bypass grafting is often the only method of limb salvage in patients with chronic critical lower limb ischemia due to atherosclerotic obliteration of the crural arteries, including patients with diabetic foot gangrene. It involves arterial reconstruction with distal anastomosis to one of the pedal arteries.

Material and Methods: Between January 2000 and June 2004, 54 pedal bypasses were performed in 53 patients with chronic critical lower limb ischemia. Forty-seven (87%) patients had gangrene or ischemic ulcer, 36 (68%) had diabetes. In some of the patients (16.7%), previous percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the crural arteries had failed. Preoperative angiographic findings were unsatisfactory in the majority of the patients; the plantar arch was not visualized in 36 (66.7%) limbs.

Results: In the period investigated (54 months) 11 grafts (20.4%) failed. Early thrombectomy resulting in long-term graft patency salvaged five limbs. One limb with graft occlusion occurring after foot ulcer healing was also salvaged. However, one amputation had to be performed despite a patent graft. The perioperative mortality rate was 3.8%. Cumulative primary and secondary graft patency rates and limb-salvage rates at 54 months were 76%, 78% and 81%, respectively.

Conclusion: Pedal bypass grafting is a safe method with very good long-term outcomes. The absence of the pedal arteries or plantar arch on preoperative angiograms need not be taken as a contraindication to pedal vascular reconstruction. In discussions on the plantar arch it is recommended to discriminate between its actual absence and a mere “angiographic” absence.     

Combined iliac angioplasty and infrainguinal revascularization surgery are effective in diabetic patients with multilevel arterial disease

The success of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of common and external iliac atherosclerotic lesions has been established for the general population. However, several studies have suggested that the presence of diabetes may reduce the effectiveness of iliac angioplasty, particularly in the setting of limb-threatening ischemia requiring concomitant lower extremity revascularization. This study compared the results of iliac artery PTA performed in conjunction with infrainguinal bypass for limb-threatening ischemia for diabetic (DM) and nondiabetic (non-DM) patients. Between 1991 and 2000, 159 PTA were performed in 126 patients (DM = 99/79%, non-DM = 27/21%) in conjunction with subsequent infrainguinal bypass for limb-threatening ischemia (gangrene = 42%, ulcer = 36%, rest pain = 22%). These patients were followed prospectively using a computerized vascular registry. Stents were placed in 34 (21.4%) cases for suboptimal angioplasty results. In this study the combined use of standard surgical and endoluminal modalities for the treatment of multilevel arterial occlusive disease resulted in excellent cumulative patency and limb salvage rates. The presence of diabetes did not alter these favorable results. Multimodal vascular therapy may be used effectively in diabetic patients with limb-threatening ischemia due to multiple levels of arterial occlusion. Presented at the Twenty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, June 10, 2000.     

Long-term Outcomes after Angioplasty of Isolated,Below-the-knee Arteries in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischaemia

BackgroundIt has been shown that concomitant percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of above-the-knee (ATK) and below-the-knee (BTK) arteries is highly beneficial for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischaemia (CLI), but few published studies have specifically investigated outcomes in diabetic patients with CLI associated with isolated small BTK-vessel disease. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of successful PTA for limb salvage in such patients.Materials and methodsFrom among the 634 patients with CLI in our database, we retrospectively selected a consecutive series of 101 diabetics (16%) with 107 critically ischaemic limbs (33 Rutherford 5 and 74 Rutherford 6) and no critical ATK lesion, who underwent PTA on isolated BTK lesions.ResultsThe limb salvage rate was 93% after a mean follow-up of 1048 ± 525 days (2.9 ± 1.4 years). Transcutaneous oxygen tension significantly increased after 1 month (18.1 ± 11.2 vs. 39.6 ± 15.1; p < 0.05). After 1 year, target-vessel re-stenosis had occurred in 42% of the non-amputated limbs, nine patients (9%) had died because of medical conditions unrelated to PTA and three patients had undergone repeat PTA for recurrent CLI.ConclusionsIn our selected patient population with ischaemic diabetic foot and isolated BTK lesions, a successful endovascular procedure led to a high percentage of limb salvage at long-term follow-up.     

Endovascular therapy as the primary approach for limb salvage in patients with critical limb ischemia: experience with 443 infrapopliteal procedures

Endovascular strategies for the treatment of critical infrageniculate peripheral arterial occlusive disease exist and are becoming the primary methodology for such lesions at many centers. Although technically feasible for experienced operators, the evidence to support this strategy for below the knee (BTK) interventions is still evolving. We studied the 6-month and 1-year outcomes of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone, PTA with stenting, and excimer laser recanalization for BTK lesions in patients with critical limb ischemia. Between September 2002 and June 2005, 443 patients (355 Rutherford category 4, 82 category 5, 6 category 6) underwent intervention for 681 BTK lesions. Follow-up was performed at 6-month intervals after index intervention: limb salvage data were recorded and duplex ultrasonography was performed to measure the patency of treated areas. The primary patency and limb salvage rates of the entire population were 85.2% and 97.0% and 74.2% and 96.6% at 6 months and 1 year, respectively. Stratified for the treatment strategy (PTA alone in 79, PTA with stenting in 300 patients, and excimer laser in 64), 1-year primary patency rates were 68.6%, 75.5%, and 75.4%, whereas the limb salvage rates were 96.7%, 98.6%, and 87.9% for each modality, respectively. Endovascular intervention will become the primary treatment for BTK lesions in patients with critical limb ischemia, with 1-year primary patency and limb salvage rates that compare favorably with published surgical data. Prospective, randomized, multicenter trials will be needed to further establish the role of endovascular intervention in this challenging patient group.     

经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病足血管病变90例分析

目的 总结经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病足血管病变的经验.方法 回顾性分析自2006年10月至2008年5月经皮血管腔内成形术(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)治疗糖尿病足膝下血管病变80例患者(90条患肢,共计累及230条膝下动脉)的临床资料.结果 90条患肢中有78条血管(87%)获得技术成功,术中并发症8.9%(8/90),术后并发症12.2%(11/90),围手术期死亡率2.5%(2/80),1年保肢率90%(81/90),术后疼痛症状明显改善,溃疡创口愈合,平均住院(10.0 ±2.8)d.术后1、2年的患肢膝下动脉再狭窄率分别为38.1%(35/90)、50%(45/90);术后1、2年的患肢疼痛,溃疡复发率分别为10%(9/90)、12.2%(11/90);截肢率分别为10%(9/90)、15.3%(14/90).Fontain Ⅳ期的患肢膝下动脉再狭窄或闭塞,再手术及截肢率明显差于Fontain Ⅰ～Ⅲ期的结果 (P＜0.05).结论 PTA治疗糖尿病足血管病变是一种有效的治疗方法.Fontain分期是预测PTA治疗效果的一个重要指标.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( PTA) for stenosed arteries of the lower extremities in patients with ischaemic diabetic foot. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of using PTA to treat diseased infrapopliteal arteries in diabetic patients who were hospitalized from Oct,2006 to May,2008. Results Technical success rate was 87% , procedure related complications developed in 8. 9% of patients, postoperative complications were 11. 1% , perioperative mortality was 2. 5% , limb salvage rate was 90% , pain symptom was significantly mitigated or relieved, ulcer healed well. The median hospitalstay was 10 days. Restenosis rates were 38. 1 % , 50% respectively at 1 year and 2 years. Rest pain and ulcer recurrence rates were 10% and 12% at 1 year and 2 years respectively; Amputation rates were 10% and 15. 3% at 1 year and 2 years. Restenosis ( or occlusion) , rest pain or ulcer recurrence and amputation rate in Fontain Ⅳ group is significantly poorer than that in Fontain Ⅰ - Ⅲ group (P ＜0. 05). Conclusions Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for critical limb ischeamia in patients with ischaemic diabetic foot are feasible, with minimal invasiveness, low complications. Fontain classification predicts PTA thrapeutic results.