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1.
目的利用CT测量数据,为跨骶骨的髂一髂拉力螺钉技术在骨盆后环损伤中的应用提供理论依据。方法选取2008--2012年问在我院行骨盆cT检查的患者资料,男、女各60例,分别测量骨盆后环在髂后上棘水平双侧髂骨最佳进针点之间连线的距离以及该连线距离骶管后缘和髂后上棘高点的距离,通过SPSS14.0软件对数据进行分析,计量数据以(x±s)来表示,以获得最佳进针范围。结果髂后上棘高点距离最佳进针点连线的垂直距离男性为(1.66±0.358)cm,女性为(1.38±0.267)cm;最佳进针点连线距离骶管后缘的垂直距离男性为(0.76±0.204)cm,女性为(1.34±0.328)cm;髂后上棘水平在安全进针范围内双侧髂骨外板之间的距离的平均数值,男性为(11.56±0.652)cm,女性为(12.36±0.968)cm。结论跨骶骨的髂一髂拉力螺钉技术在骨盆后环损伤中的应用安全。  相似文献   

2.
目的为经髋臼前柱螺钉固定提供解剖学依据。方法对22只成人尸体骨盆标本,共44侧髋臼进行解剖学研究,观测髋臼前柱横断面形状,测量髋臼前柱螺钉固定在髂骨翼外侧面的进针点、进针方向、钉道直径、进针点至闭孔沟的距离。结果髋臼前柱横断面呈近似直角三角形,钉道直径10.5±0.8mm;螺钉进针点位于髂骨翼后外侧面坐骨大切迹和髂前上棘连线上方9.2±2.4mm,距坐骨大切迹38.5±3.8mm;螺钉进针方向于水平面与中心线夹角为40.7±3.8°,矢状面向尾端成角54.2±5.5°。钉道长度84.1±6.2mm。并设计出髋臼前柱螺钉固定导向器。结论髋臼前柱可接受1枚直径6.5mm、长70mm的螺钉,螺钉进针点位于髂骨翼后外侧面坐骨大切迹和髂前上棘连线上方10mm,距坐骨大切迹40mm。螺钉进针方向于水平面与中心线夹角40°,矢状面向尾端成角55°。髋臼前柱螺钉固定导向器将提高前柱螺钉固定的安全性。  相似文献   

3.
寰椎椎弓根形态分类与椎弓根螺钉植钉方法研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
目的探讨寰椎椎弓根形态分类及椎弓根螺钉固定的植钉方法。方法寰椎椎弓根形态分类研究:取成人干燥寰椎标本48个,行CT三维重建,建立经过椎动脉沟底部下2mm处横切面和椎弓根中外1/3矢状面的切面图:以螺钉直径3.50mm,半径1.75mm为标准,根据通过椎弓根中外1/3矢状面的椎动脉沟底部骨质厚度,将寰椎椎弓根解剖形态分为3型:普通型40个(83%),轻度变异型6个(13%),重度变异型2个(4%)。以通过寰椎椎弓根中外1/3矢状面与通过椎动脉沟底部下方约2mm处横断面的交线为进钉通道,以进钉通道在后弓后方骨皮质上的投影点为进钉点,采用电子游标卡尺在干燥寰椎骨标本上测量以下指标:进钉点与侧块后缘的距离(L1),进钉处寰椎椎弓根高度(L2),进钉点至侧块下关节面的垂直距离(L3),进钉处侧块高度(L4),进钉处侧块宽度(L5),进钉处寰椎椎弓根宽度(L6),钉道处椎动脉沟底椎弓根厚度(H1)。寰椎椎弓根螺钉植钉方法的研究:取12个新鲜成人冷冻寰椎标本,左右侧钉道处椎动脉沟底部骨质厚度分别打磨为:1.5mm和2.5mm,1.5mm和4.0mm,2.5mm和4.0mm,每种厚度4个标本;以通过寰椎椎弓根的中外1/3矢状面与通过椎动脉沟底部下约2mm处横断面的交线为进钉通道植钉。结果左侧L1(5.79±1.24)mm,L2(4.55±1.29)mm,L3(5.12±1.06)mm,L4(12.43±1.01)mm,L5(12.66±1.37)mm,L6(7.86±0.77)mm,H1(4.11±1.25)mm;右侧0L1(5.81±1.26)mm,L2(4.49±1.22)mm,L3(5.15±1.05)mm,L4(12.49±0.98)mm,L5(12.65±1.38)mm,L6(7.84±0.78)mm,H1(4.13±1.29)mm;两侧比较差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。模拟植钉后所有标本无螺钉向上突破椎动脉沟底骨质。结论对于寰椎后弓高度偏小的患者,可部分经寰椎后弓或跨越寰椎后弓实现寰椎的椎弓根螺钉固定,进钉位置应以术前三维CT重建和术中探查结合考虑。  相似文献   

4.
不同路径髂骨钉钉道的CT影像学研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的:研究髂骨钉的最佳路径,为腰骶骨盆重建手术提供参考依据。方法:2009年2月至8月,选门诊或住院因各种原因进行骨盆CT扫描及三维重建并且无阳性表现的50例患者影像学资料进行研究,男28例,女22例;年龄19~65岁,平均41.2岁。设计4条路径,A、B、C路径均以CLIC点(Chiotic线与后髂嵴的交叉点,位于髂后上棘上方24mm处)为起点,方向分别为髋臼上缘、髂前下棘、髋臼中心;D路径以髂后上棘起点,指向髂前下棘。对每条路径中不同钉道的长度及钉道中两处狭窄点的骨板厚度进行数据分析。结果:A(CLIC点到髋臼上缘)、B(CLIC点到髂前下棘)、D(髂后上棘与髂前下棘)路径钉道长度相当,但A路径髂骨板厚度明显较B、D路径大。A、C(CLIC点到髋臼中心)路径髂骨板厚度无明显差异,但A路径通道长度明显大于C路径。结论:A路径即从CLIC点到髋臼上缘方向的髂骨钉钉道路径最长且髂骨板最厚,能够容纳相对最长最粗的髂骨钉,又能承受的拉力最大,是最理想的髂骨钉钉道。  相似文献   

5.
目的:为颧骨缩小整复术提供解剖学基础。方法:对30例成年女性颅骨标本的颧骨结构进行观测。结果:①颧突位于颧骨的中下1/3交界处;②颧突点处颧骨的厚度,左侧:(6.68±1.64)mm;右侧:(6.77±1.43)mm,左右两侧无显著性差异(P〉0.05);③眶下孔距同侧眶下缘和颅正中线的距离分别为左侧:(8.33±1.48)mm、(25.01±1.32)mm;右侧:(7.77±1.56)mm、(25.20±1.07)mm;左右两侧均无显著性差异(P〉0.05);④颧骨额突至上颌窦外上角的距离和上颌窦前壁的厚度分别为左侧:(42.57±5.8)mm、(0.50±0.03)mm;右侧:(43.02±6.4)mm、(0.49±0.05)mm;左右两侧均无显著性差异(P□0.05)。结论:颧骨结构的细致观测对更好的开展颧骨缩小术减少其并发症具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
目的 通过成人尸体髂骨形态解剖学及影像学相关数据的测量与分析,探讨Galveston 固定中最理想的髂骨钉置入路径.方法 保存完好的5具10侧新鲜尸体半骨盆,性别不限.于髂骨Chiotic线上方15 mm处每5 mm平行于该线截骨,直至髋臼上缘.分别测量截骨面髂骨钉置入有效路径长度、峡部位置及内径宽度.50例成人患者(性别不限)行骨盆CT三维重建.分别测量Click点至髂前下棘下缘(A)、髂后上棘至髂前下棘下缘(B)、髂后上棘至髋臼上壁(C)三条路径的有效路径长度,以及峡部内径宽度及峡部与进钉点的距离.结果 与尸体髂骨测量结论一致,影像学测量结果示路径A拥有最长的有效路径长度,男性平均(137±8)mm,女性(130±11)mm.经由路径A、B可支持两枚髂骨钉的置入,两路径均允许置入男性长度100 mm,直径8 mm,女性长度80 mm,直径6~7 mm髂骨钉.结论 相对于传统髂骨钉置入路径,Click点至髂前下棘下缘允许更长髂骨钉的置入而穿破髋臼的风险更小,为Galveston固定中髂骨钉置入最理想路径.  相似文献   

7.
少年儿童皮肤厚度的超声学测量   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的用无创的方法获得少年儿童皮肤厚度资料。方法选择221例1~18岁皮肤健康的少年儿童,按年龄分为幼儿组(1~2岁)、学龄前期组(3~6岁)、学龄期组(男7~12岁、女7~11岁)、青春期组(男13~18岁、女12~18岁),各年龄组下分男、女2个性别组。应用13MHz高频超声,检测上述人员面部、胸部、腹部、背部、前臂、臀部、大腿7个部位的皮肤表皮、真皮与全层皮肤厚度。结果221例少年儿童的皮肤以面部较薄,背部及臀部较厚。(1)各年龄组的同一部位以及同一年龄组中男、女同一部位的表皮厚度相近(P〉0.05)。(2)幼儿组、学龄前期组与学龄期组同一部位组间比较,以及组内不同性别同一部位比较,真皮和皮肤全层厚度相近(P〉0.05)。与其余3组比较,青春期组此2项指标均明显偏高(P〈0、05),男性真皮厚度为(1.16±0.04)~(1.98±0.47)mm、皮肤全层厚度为(1.27±0.12)~(2.20±0.45)mm,女性真皮厚度为(1.00±0.18)~(1.60±0.30)mm、皮肤全层厚度为(1.10±0.17)~(1、83±0.29)mm。结论13MHz高频超声是无创测量少年儿童皮肤厚度的有效方法。青春期少年全层皮肤厚度增加的主要因素系真皮厚度明显增加,且男性较女性更为显著。面部与背部、臀部皮肤厚度的明显差异,对皮肤移植术具有指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
目的对髂前下棘及其体表投影进行应用解剖学研究,为骨盆骨折微创置入外固定钉提供参考依据。方法观察15具尸体30侧骨盆髂前下棘及体表投影,测量髂前下棘横径、矢状径和体表投影,按性别分组进行统计学处理。结果男性髂前下棘矢状径和横径分别为(26.51±2.86)mm和(11.64±1.15)mm;女性分别为(25.46±3.92)mm和(9.20±1.14)mm。男性髂前上棘到髂前下棘体表投影的距离对髂前上棘与耻骨结节间距离的回归系数为0.252;女性为0.262。结论髂前下棘的体表投影点位于髂前上棘与耻骨结节连线的外上1/4处,了解这一特点有助于准确置入骨盆外固定钉。  相似文献   

9.
目的探讨成人超重及肥胖患者臀部肌内注射的适宜深度。方法抽取超重及肥胖者200例(男、女各100例),测量身高、体质量,计算体重指数(BMI),根据BMI判断超重与肥胖;采用B超测定其臀部肌内注射部位皮下脂肪厚度。结果男性皮下脂肪厚度为(25.7±4.3)mm,女性为(25.8±3.9)mm;男、女性皮下脂肪厚度≥21.3mm(常规肌内注射的深度)者分别为92.0%、95.0%。男性、女性超重与肥胖者皮下脂肪厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(均P〉0.05)。结论常规肌内注射的深度对超重或肥胖者已不适用,注射时针头仅能到达皮下脂肪层而未达臀大肌,存在医疗隐患,需积极寻求解决方法。  相似文献   

10.
目的研究内镜辅助经鼻蝶入路至斜坡区的显微解剖和显露范围,为临床提供解剖学参数。方法测量40例颅骨干标本的骨性结构,10例福尔马林固定的成人尸头标本模拟手术入路,用内镜和显微镜观察斜坡区显露范围,并进行解剖测量。结果前鼻棘至蝶窦口、鞍底、鞍结节中心、鞍背中点、枕骨大孔前端的距离分别为(55.62±4.23)mm、(71.50±6.21)mm、(79.02±4.97)mm、(81.04±8.02)mm、(91.08±5.20)mm;视神经管、颈内动脉隆起、颈动脉管外口、舌下神经管外口离正中线的距离分别为(5.78±1.94)mm、(5.44±2.02)mm、(25.07±2.77)mm、(16.98±1.99)mm;斜坡的长、高分别为(32.43±5.46)mm、(35.01±4.12)mm;上、中、下部的厚度分别为(17.23±3.12)mm、(9.96±3.10)mm、(6.35±2.95)mm。在内镜辅助下,经鼻蝶入路可以通过适当去除相应结构增加显露鞍后.斜坡区的解剖结构。结论内镜辅助经蝶入路可以通过良好的视角显露鞍后.斜坡等显微解剖结构,适用于鞍后.斜坡等颅底中央区病变的手术治疗。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

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Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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