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1.
胸椎后路经关节螺钉固定的可行性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
目的:明确胸椎后路经关节螺钉固定的解剖学可行性和技术参数,为临床应用提供参考。方法:2009年9月至2009年12月,取20具胸椎标本,男12具,女8具,仔细解剖颈部的后侧和前侧方,以清楚地暴露胸椎椎板和椎弓根。以椎板下缘向上,外缘向内各7mm为进钉点,在T1,2,T5,6,T9,10直视下置入经关节螺钉,通过CT重建,测量经关节螺钉内固定进钉角度和钉道长度。结果:胸椎后路经关节螺钉均成功置入,螺钉固定方向在矢状面呈尾倾,冠状面呈外倾。经关节螺钉固定的平均角度在矢状面尾倾(52.6±5.9)°,在冠状面外倾(12.4±2.9)°。螺钉钉道长度(22.5±1.9)mm,各固定节段间角度略有不同,差异无统计学意义(P〉0.5),但上、中、下不同胸椎节段之间的钉道长度差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。结论:胸椎后路经关节螺钉具有解剖学可行性,可以作为胸椎椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充内固定方法,但置钉时要求较高的准确性。  相似文献   

2.
下颈椎经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的:探讨下颈椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定的可行性和技术参数,为临床应用提供参考。方法:取20具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后侧和前侧方,清楚显露颈椎侧块和椎弓根。以侧块外下象限的中心点为进钉点,从C3/4~C6/7直视下经关节突关节置入椎弓根螺钉,通过CT重建,测量经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉内固定进钉角度和钉道长度。结果:经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉均成功置入,螺钉固定方向在矢状面呈尾倾,冠状面呈内倾,理想角度为在矢状面尾倾50.3°±4.9°,在冠状面内倾42.8°±4.0°。螺钉钉道长度为(34.1±1.4)mm,各固定节段间略有不同,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:下颈椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定是可行的,但置钉时要求较高的准确性,可以作为颈椎侧块螺钉和椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充方法。  相似文献   

3.
【摘要】 目的 通过解剖学研究,获得下颈椎经关节螺钉的安全置钉方法。 方法 取18具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后方和前侧方,以清楚地暴露颈椎侧块,保护好脊神经前、后支(C2~8)及与周围结构的关系。确定安全进、出钉:以侧块背面中心点内侧1 mm为进钉点;下位椎体上关节突的侧前方,横突与关节突相交处为出钉点。从C2/C3~C5/C6直视下通过以上2点置入克氏针,通过正侧位X线片测量克氏针在矢状面上的尾倾角、在冠状面上的外倾角及进钉深度,以确定经关节螺钉固定的进钉角度和螺钉长度,并测量经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前、后支和椎动脉的距离。 结果 实验中所有克氏针均成功置入。经关节螺钉的外倾角度为16.5°±5.1°,尾倾角度为36.6°±5.1°,钉道长度为19.0 mm±1.2 mm。经关节螺钉的外倾角度和尾倾角度在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但钉道长度在C2/C3与C3/C4 /C5 /C6 间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前支距离为18.2 mm±2.3 mm,与后支距离为7.3 mm±1.4 mm,与椎动脉距离为5.8 mm±1.5 mm,在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 使用下颈椎经关节螺钉固定技术时建议以侧块背侧中心点内侧1 mm为进钉点,在矢状面上尾倾35°~40°,在冠状面上外倾15°~20°,尽量将螺钉从下位椎体上关节突的侧前方、横突后嵴与关节突连接处出钉。  相似文献   

4.
后路经寰枕关节螺钉内固定的解剖学研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
目的明确后路经寰枕关节螺钉固定的技术参数,为临床治疗提供参考。方法20具包含完整寰枕关节的干燥骨标本,于直视下经寰枕关节置入克氏针固定后拍摄X线片,在X线片上测量经寰枕关节螺钉固定的螺钉角度和长度。对30名健康成年人的寰枕关节行三维CT重建,测量后路经寰枕关节螺钉内固定螺钉角度的可调范围。对12具新鲜枕颈部标本行后路枕寰枢经关节螺钉内固定,然后拍摄X线片并行三维CT重建,以明确螺钉位置。结果经寰枕关节固定螺钉方向在矢状面呈上倾,冠状面呈内倾,左右两侧略有不同,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。后路经寰枕关节螺钉固定的理想角度在矢状面的上倾角为53.3°±3.4°,在冠状面的内倾角为20.0°±2.6°,钉道长度为(29.28±2.46)mm。三维CT重建显示上倾角的可调范围为24.9°~74.6°,内倾角的可调范围为0.7°~40.5°。在新鲜标本上按照上述角度进行后路枕寰枢经关节螺钉内固定,影像学检查结果显示,螺钉钉道均经过寰枕关节,无进入神经管者。结论后路经寰枕关节螺钉固定时对准确性要求较高,结合后路C1,2经关节螺钉固定可视为能满足当前临床需要的一种较好的枕颈融合方法。  相似文献   

5.
目的通过解剖学研究,获得下颈椎经关节螺钉的安全置钉方法。方法取18具颈椎标本,仔细解剖颈部的后方和前侧方,以清楚地暴露颈椎侧块,保护好脊神经前、后支(C2~8)及与周围结构的关系。确定安全进、出钉:以侧块背面中心点内侧1mm为进钉点;下位椎体上关节突的侧前方,横突与关节突相交处为出钉点。从C2/C3~C5/C6直视下通过以上2点置入克氏针,通过正侧位X线片测量克氏针在矢状面上的尾倾角、在冠状面上的外倾角及进钉深度,以确定经关节螺钉固定的进钉角度和螺钉长度,并测量经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前、后支和椎动脉的距离。结果实验中所有克氏针均成功置入。经关节螺钉的外倾角度为16.5°±5.1°,尾倾角度为36.6°±5.1°,钉道长度为19.0mm±1.2mm。经关节螺钉的外倾角度和尾倾角度在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05),但钉道长度在C2/C3与C3/C4/C5/C6间差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。经关节螺钉出钉点与脊神经前支距离为18.2mm±2.3mm,与后支距离为7.3mm±1.4mm,与椎动脉距离为5.8mm±1.5mm,在各节段间略有不同,但差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论使用下颈椎经关节螺钉固定技术时建议以侧块背侧中心点内侧1mm为进钉点,在矢状面上尾倾35°~40°,在冠状面上外倾15°~20°,尽量将螺钉从下位椎体上关节突的侧前方、横突后嵴与关节突连接处出钉。  相似文献   

6.
下颈椎经关节螺钉钉棒系统形式固定的临床研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
目的:探讨下颈椎经颈后正中入路采用经关节螺钉钉棒形式固定的应用。方法:自2005年7月至2009年7月,在11例下颈椎创伤性骨折脱位,9例颈椎管狭窄的后路固定中应用经关节螺钉以Vertex钉棒系统形式固定。其中男16例,女4例;年龄29~76岁,平均51岁,均行颈椎后路经关节螺钉内固定植骨融合、减压(其中3例结合前路手术)。经关节螺钉置钉方法:以侧块中心点内侧1mm为进钉点,进钉角度在矢状面上尾倾35°~40°,在冠状面上外倾15°~20°。术后摄颈椎X线片,评价螺钉位置和颈椎的序列和植骨融合情况。结果:共置入经关节螺钉88枚,其中10枚于C3,4,20枚于C4,5,32枚于C5,6,26枚于C6,7。术中所有螺钉均成功置入,未出现椎动脉、神经根和脊髓损伤等置钉相关并发症且均获得植骨融合,无内固定断裂失败。JOA评分:术后1周平均改善率55.8%,其中优5例,良7例,可7例,差1例,优良率为60%;术后3个月平均改善率为74.5%,其中优6例,良8例,可6例,优良率75%。术前与术后3个月JOA评分比较有统计学差异。结论:后路经关节螺钉钉棒形式内固定是一种有效的下颈椎固定形式,经过初步临床应用发现具有固定可靠,操作简单等优点。但这一新的固定形式,尚需长期的临床随访和观察。  相似文献   

7.
下颈椎经关节螺钉固定的生物力学研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
目的比较下颈椎经关节螺钉3层皮质和4层皮质固定的生物力学拔出力的区别。方法10具新鲜尸体颈椎标本(C3-T1),游离成3个颈椎运动节段(C3~C4、C5~C6、C7~T1),在椎体两侧随机进行经关节螺钉3层皮质和4层皮质固定,置入直径为3.5mm的皮质骨螺钉。置入经关节螺钉行拔出力试验,比较经关节螺钉2种固定方式的最大轴向拔出力。结果下颈椎经关节螺钉4层皮质固定的平均拔出力为430N,而3层皮质固定的平均拔出力为412N,但两者间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。经关节螺钉两种固定方式在颈椎各节段间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论下颈椎后路经关节螺钉3层皮质固定的力学性能与4层皮质固定差异并不明显。经关节螺钉3层皮质固定可能在减少和避免置钉相关的神经血管损伤并发症方面有着重要的临床意义。  相似文献   

8.
 目的明确胸椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉固定的解剖学可行性和技术参数.为临床应用提供参考。方法取 20具胸椎标本.仔细解剖胸椎的后侧和前侧方.以清楚地暴露胸椎椎板和椎弓根。以椎板下缘向上、外缘向内各 7 mm为进钉点.在 T1.2、T5.6、T9.10直视下置入经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉.通过直接的置钉和 CT重建.观察胸椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉实际置钉的可行性.测量经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉内固定进钉角度和钉道长度。结果所有胸椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉均由上位胸椎下关节突经关节突关节.进入下位胸椎的椎弓根.成功置入下位胸椎的椎体内。重建 CT测量发现螺钉在横断面的外倾角度为 2.1°±0.7°.在矢状面的尾倾角度为 41.4°±3.2°.在各节段间略有不同.但差异无统计学意义。平均的螺钉钉道长度为(40.6±4.9) mm.钉道长度由上胸椎向中、下胸椎呈逐渐增加趋势.差异有统计学意义(F=74.09, P<0.01)。结论胸椎后路经关节突关节椎弓根螺钉具有解剖学可行性.可以作为胸椎椎弓根螺钉固定的一种补充内固定方法.但置钉时要求较高的准确性。  相似文献   

9.
[目的]探讨前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉的临床应用解剖学依据。[方法]取30具国人干燥枕颈部标本,测量与经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定术相关的解剖径线及钉道参数;并以此类数据为依据,在所测量的干燥标本上模拟行经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定术,经X线摄片检查内固定位置并测量钉道实际角度。[结果]前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉内固定的钉道在矢状面上呈后倾,在冠状面上呈外倾。左右两侧钉道角度大小差异无统计学差异,理想外倾角为(18.15±3.70)°,理想后倾角为(24.20±4.91)°,理想钉道长度为(34.45±2.9)mm;模拟行内固定验证,术后影像学及直视下检查结果显示,螺钉钉道均经过枕寰枢关节,角度均在此范围内,无穿出骨质者。[结论]采用前路经枕寰枢关节螺钉行枕颈融合内固定在解剖上是可行的。  相似文献   

10.
下颈椎关节突关节的解剖学测量与经关节螺钉固定的关系   总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20  
目的:测量下颈椎关节突关节的相关数据,探讨其与经关节螺钉固定的关系。方法:41具成人颈椎干燥标本,测量其颈椎关节突关节的上、下关节面的高度、宽度和冠状面角度以及下关节面在侧块后方投影的高度,并对侧块进行形态学评定;根据Dalcanto技术对30具颈椎标本行经关节突关节螺钉固定,以侧块中心点下2mm为进钉点,在矢状面上尾倾40°、在冠状面上外倾20°置入螺钉,测量螺钉的长度,观察螺钉位置。结果:C3~C7下关节面在侧块后方投影的高度为7.4~9.0mm,侧块的中心点约在下关节面后方投影的上界下方2mm。C6和C7上、下关节面的倾斜角度相对更大,侧块厚度相对较薄。采用Dalcanto技术经关节突关节螺钉固定,螺钉长度从C3/4向C7/T1呈下降趋势,由16.9mm降至15.7mm,其中在C7/T1水平螺钉最短。螺钉由头侧向尾侧经关节突关节复合体,大体上从关节面的中心点穿过;在矢状面上几乎与关节面垂直;无一例损伤到横突孔,螺钉从下位椎体的上关节突基底部的侧前方穿出,钉道指向侧前下方。结论:下颈椎关节突关节复合体可为经此关节螺钉固定提供足够的皮质骨。Dalcanto技术经关节突关节螺钉不仅具有可行性,而且可以避开横突孔,钉道方向几乎与横突沟平行,安全空间较大。由于C6、C7侧块的厚度较薄,在C6/7和C7/T1行经关节固定时不宜使用16mm以上长度的螺钉。  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

18.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.  相似文献   

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