吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

目的：评价吡柔比星（THP）膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的近期疗效。方法：对34例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术（TURBt)或膀胱部分切除术，术后定期用THP（30mg/40ml）作膀胱内灌注，每周1次共8次，以后每月1次共1年。每次药物在膀胱内保留40min。结果：经10－12个月随访，无肿瘤复发32例，复发2例，复发率为5．9％；未见全身性药物不良反应，仅5例患者出现轻度膀胱刺激症状。结论：THP膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后得发近期疗效满意，副作用轻，耐受性良好。     

浅表性膀胱癌的灌注疗法

浅表性膀胱癌的标准治疗包括经尿道切除(TURB1)和术后的灌注治疗，灌注治疗药物包括免疫制剂和化疗药物。本文将就常用的免疫制剂和化疗药物膀胱灌注治疗时的用法、不良反应及免疫制剂和化疗药物各自的适应证、序联灌注等进行综述。     

丝裂霉素C膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

对50例病人长期用丝裂霉素C膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发,随访16～94个月,总有效率为76%。丝裂霉素C无骨髓抑制的全身副作用,持续应用证明安全有效。     

浅表性膀胱癌的灌注疗法

浅表性膀胱癌的标准治疗包括经尿道切除 (TURBt)和术后的灌注治疗 ,灌注治疗药物包括免疫制剂和化疗药物。本文将就常用的免疫制剂和化疗药物膀胱灌注治疗时的用法、不良反应及免疫制剂和化疗药物各自的适应证、序联灌注等进行综述。     

吡喃阿霉素膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发

目的　评价吡喃阿霉素 (THP)膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效和安全性。　方法　对 45例浅表性膀胱癌患者行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术 (TURBt)或膀胱部分切除术 ,术后定期应用THP(4 0mg/ 40ml)膀胱内灌注 ,每次药物在膀胱内保留 30min。　结果　 45例患者随访 9～ 12个月 ,无肿瘤复发 44例 (97.8% ) ,复发 1例。未见有全身性药物不良反应 ,仅 2例膀胱灌药后出现短时间轻度膀胱刺激症状。　结论　THP膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效满意 ,病人耐受性好 ,副作用小     

短期与长期腔内灌注吡柔比星预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的比较

目的 :比较短期和长期腔内灌注吡柔比星对预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的效果。方法 :将 5 6例浅表性膀胱癌患者术后随机分为两组 ,A组 (2 8例 )行吡柔比星 30mg膀胱灌注 ,每周 1次 ,共 8次 ;B组 (2 8例 )前 8次灌注同A组 ,以后改为每月 1次至术后 1年。随访 2年 ,观察肿瘤复发率和副反应发生情况。结果 :1年肿瘤复发率 :A组 2例 (7.2 % ) ,B组 1例 (3.7% ) ,差异无统计学意义 (χ2 =0 .5 76 ,P >0 .0 5 )。 2年肿瘤复发率 :A组 3例 (10 .7% ) ,B组 4例 (14 .3% ) ,差异亦无统计学意义 (χ2 =0 .384 ,P >0 .0 5 )。副反应发生情况 :A组 3例(10 .7% ) ,B组 8例 (2 8.6 % ) ,A组不良反应发生率低于B组 (χ2 =12 .36 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :吡柔比星短期腔内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效肯定 ,副作用小。     

沙培林膀胱灌注对浅表性膀胱癌患者术后疗效观察

目的 研究沙堵林(OK-423)膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后的疗效及安全性.方法 将78例浅表型膀胱癌患者随机分成两组.沙培林组(40例)术后1周开始常规灌注沙培林5KE,膀胱内灌注保留2h,每周1次连续6周,之后每月1次连续8个月.对照组(38例)灌注吡柔比星30mg,灌注方法 同沙墙林组.结果随访6～36个月.原发...     

表阿霉素膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的　探讨表阿霉素膀胱灌注防治浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。　方法　应用表阿霉素对 32例浅表性膀胱癌行经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术或膀胱部分切除术后患者早期一次性膀胱腔内灌注 ,定期膀胱镜检查和随访。　结果　 32例术后随访 12～ 2 4个月 ,平均 18个月 ,4例于术后 3～ 8个月复发 ,复发率 13% ,无药物反应和并发症发生。　结论　表阿霉素早期单次膀胱腔内灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发疗效肯定、毒副反应小 ,有较高的临床价值。     

苯扎溴铵和吡柔比星膀胱灌注预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效比较

目的:比较苯扎溴铵(BB)和吡柔比星(THP)膀胱内灌注预防浅表性膀胱移行细胞癌(SBTCC)术后复发的有效性及安全性.方法:将120例SBTCC患者术后随机分成2组,BB组60例,术后立即膀胱内灌注1‰BB 300ml,并保留灌注液15分钟,共1次.THP组60例,THP30 mg溶于50 mL生理盐水中,膀胱灌注,每周1次,共8次,然后改为每月1次,持续1年.定期膀胱镜检查进行随访.结果:随访24个月,BB、THP组的复发率分别为6.6%和20.0%,BB组明显低于THP组(P＜0.05),其中高分化、单发、初发肿瘤、BB膀胱灌注较低分化、多发、复发肿瘤以及THP膀胱灌注的复发率低.而肿瘤大小和手术方式对患者的复发率的影响无差异.BB组的尿路刺激症状、血尿和WBC＜4×109/L发生率分别为5.0%、1.7%和0,THP分别为16.7%、11.7%和8.3%,BB组低于THP组(P＜0.05).2组肝肾功能受损发生率无差异.结论:BB膀胱灌注预防SBTCC术后复发的效果明确,疗效较THP好,费用低廉,无明显全身毒副作用,患者耐受性好.由于观察病例数较少,随访时间不长,远期疗效如何有待进一步积累临床资料和长期随访.     

Prognostic factors for progression of superficial bladder cancer]

To clarify prognostic factors for progression of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (Ta, T1 and G1, G2), 159 patients, treated by transurethral resection from 1975 to 1988, were analysed concerning clinical findings, laboratory data, endoscopic findings and histopathological findings of the tumor. Histopathological findings included ABH blood group isoantigen (ABH) and Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-ag) as well as other result. Twenty two cases in the series showed progression; 10 with up-grading and up-staging, 12 with either one of them. Advanced age, positive urinary cytology, multiple or broad base tumor, G2 or T1 tumor, negative ABH and abnormal T-ag were closely associated with progression. By multivariate analysis of these factors, ABH, stage of the tumor, T-ag and form were shown to be important prognostic factors in this order. ABH and T-ag were not correlated with other clinicopathological factors in predicting tumor progression. Therefore we concluded that ABH and T-ag were much important for prediction concerning potential for progression of the superficial bladder cancer.     

A re-staging transurethral resection predicts early progression of superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether pathology on a re-staging transurethral resection (TUR) predicts the early progression of superficial bladder cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 710 patients presenting with multiple superficial bladder cancers were evaluated by re-staging TUR and followed for 5 years. Tumours were classified by stage as confined to mucosa (Ta) or invading submucosa (T1), and by grade (low- or high-grade). Pathology on re-staging TUR was correlated with the endpoints of tumour recurrence and stage progression. RESULTS: Of the 710 patients, 490 (69%) had a recurrence and 149 (21%) progressed over 5 years. Eighty patients had high-grade invasive (T1G3) cancer on re-staging TUR and 61 (76%) progressed to muscle invasion (median time to progression 15 months), compared with 88 of 630 (14%) who had no evidence of tumour (T0) or other than T1 tumours detected on re-staging TUR. CONCLUSION: A re-staging TUR identifies patients with superficial bladder cancer who are at high risk of early tumour progression.     

The management of superficial bladder cancer

From review of the currently available trial evidence, several clinical recommendations for bladder tumor management become apparent. Transurethral resection should be done, but this procedure is prone to both overestimating and underestimating staging. Restaging transurethral resection for patients with T1 tumors should, therefore, be performed. Data support the immediate postoperative instillation of a chemotherapeutic agent for patients with solitary, low-grade papillary tumors, whereas patients with multiple lesions might benefit from a more intensive adjuvant regimen. Although the use of intravesical immunotherapy for reducing tumor progression or as maintenance therapy is controversial, bacillus Calmette-Guérin has demonstrated significant benefit for tumor prophylaxis when no obvious residual disease is present. Early radical cystectomy can be beneficial and should be performed in patients with refractory T1 tumors or carcinoma in situ before progression to muscle invasion. In this Review I present an overview of the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. The most common intravesical chemotherapeutic agents are described as well as the impact of chemotherapy on the recurrence and progression of tumors. The effect of intravesical immunotherapy in bladder cancer is explored as well as the role of early cystectomy.     

浅表性膀胱肿瘤对化疗药物的敏感性研究

目的:探讨敏感化疗药物预防浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的作用。方法:对30例表浅性膀胱癌体外原代细胞培养,用表阿霉素、羟基喜树碱、吡柔比星、丝裂霉素和盐酸米托蒽醌进行MTT法药物敏感实验(敏感实验组),用最敏感药物行膀胱灌注;同期选择30例患者用吡柔比星灌注作为对照(对照组)。结果:敏感实验组17例对吡柔比星最敏感,6例对盐酸米托蒽醌最敏感,3例对丝裂霉素最敏感,1例对羟基喜树碱最敏感,1例对表阿霉素最敏感,2例对5种化疗药物都不敏感。28例患者分别选择最敏感药物灌注后随访2年,2例复发(7.1%)。对照组吡柔比星灌注后随访2年,有8例复发(26.7%)。两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:5种化疗药物对膀胱肿瘤的体外细胞毒作用不同,其中吡柔比星的抑制作用最强。根据药物敏感实验对浅表性膀胱肿瘤行灌注治疗,对预防肿瘤复发有较好效果。     

Reduced thrombospondin-1 at presentation predicts disease progression in superficial bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: Superficial bladder cancer (SBC) presents a difficult clinical dilemma at diagnosis as only a small subgroup of patients will subsequently develop invasive disease. Study of cancer biology has found that angiogenesis is central to growth and spread. This study examines the relationship between the angiogenic inhibitory factor Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) at initial presentation and subsequent progression of SBC. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, 220 cases of SBC were examined for pattern and extent of expression of TSP-1 at initial presentation. RESULTS: TSP-1 was detected in perivascular tissue, at the epithelial-stromal junction, in the stroma and in tumour cells and reduced perivascular TSP-1 staining at presentation was an independent predictive factor for the subsequent development of muscle invasive or metastatic disease. CONCLUSION: This adds further weight to the theory that TSP-1 plays a major part in the biology of bladder cancer possibly through the control of angiogenesis.     

The significance of random bladder biopsies in superficial bladder cancer

Introduction: Today, there is no consensus about taking random bladder biopsies during transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors for staging and to determine the urothelial abnormalities like dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results and indications of random bladder biopsies for primary superficial bladder cancer.Patients and methods: Random bladder biopsies were taken from 84 patients with primary superficial bladder cancer after transurethral resection. 40 patients had Ta and 44 had T1 tumor. The random biopsies were taken from right and left bladder walls, anterior and posterior walls, dome, trigone and prostatic urethra. The incidence of urothelial abnormalities were evaluated according to the stage and grade of the tumor.Results: None of the patients had carcinoma in situ or dysplasia with Ta tumor. In T1 group, 4 patients (9.1%) had carcinoma in situ and 3 patients (6.8%) had dysplasia. There was a statistically significant difference with regard to urothelial abnormalities between groups Ta and T1. The same difference was also seen between low and high grade tumors.Conclusion: In our study, only 7/84 (8.3%) of patients with primary superficial bladder cancer had urothelial abnormalities like carcinoma in situ or dysplasia. All of these pathologies were seen in T1 tumors. According to our results, we believe that random biopsies are not useful in superficial bladder cancers to detect urothelial abnormalities and also do not help for the planning of further treatment.     

Prediction of tumour progression in superficial bladder carcinoma

In a retrospective study, prognostic factors have been analyzed in 45 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma (Tis, Ta, T1) with subsequent progression to invasive (T2, T3, T4) and/or metastatic (M+) disease. The findings are compared with those from a control group of 17 patients with no subsequent invasive or metastatic disease. In a single-parameter analysis the following parameters were significantly associated with a high risk of developing invasive disease: tumour multiplicity; tumour invasion of blood and/or lymph vessels; increasing histological grade, and the history of previous surgical treatment. In a multivariate analysis, multifocality, small vessel infiltration and previous treatment per time (TPT factor) were significantly related to the risk of subsequent progression. An arbitrary score system revealed that progression could be predicted significantly in patients with a high score.