桡骨远端骨折成角改变对桡腕关节影响的生物力学研究

目的:研究桡骨远端骨折后掌倾角及尺偏角改变对桡腕关节的影响.方法:12只成人上肢标本于距关节面3cm处截骨去除1cm骨块,制作桡骨远端骨折成角畸形模型.利用压敏片测试桡腕关节面的应力分布和受力面积改变情况.结果:随着桡腕关节面背倾加大,舟骨和月骨接触面向关节面背侧移位,随着背倾角度和桡偏角度的加大,舟骨的接触面积、接触应力显著减少(P＜0.01),月骨的接触面积、接触应力显著增大(P＜0.01).结论:桡腕关节面背倾10°以上时,桡偏10°以上时,舟骨和月骨的接触面积及接触应力有显著变化,影响腕关节功能.     

桡骨远端骨折对腕关节稳定性的影响

目的研究各型桡骨远端骨折导致的腕关节不稳手术与非手术治疗的临床疗效及对腕关节稳定性的影响。方法1999年1月至2006年9月桡骨远端骨折患者200例,采用AO分型,标准腕关节正侧位片测量桡月角、舟月角、桡骨远端长度、关节面落差、舟月近远侧间距。手法复位石膏外固定患者和桡骨远端切开复位内固定治疗患者进行比较,采用改良Gartland和Werley评分标准评定腕关节功能恢复情况,并进行统计学分析。结果临床平均随访时间5年2个月,结果发现舟月分离、背屈不稳、掌屈不稳、背侧偏移和掌侧偏移5种腕关节不稳;优良率为78％。桡骨远端长度缩短≥2．5mm与〈2．5mm的桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节不稳发生率比较,Fisher确切概率P〈0．01;桡骨远端关节面的落差≥2mm与〈2mm的桡骨远端骨折患者腕关节不稳发生率比较,Fisher确切概率P〈0．01。结论桡骨远端骨折对桡腕关节面、桡骨远端长度、掌倾角的恢复与患者的疗效密切相关,腕关节的稳定性依赖于骨性结构和周围韧带的完整性,腕关节不稳将严重影响腕关节功能。对于严重关节内的骨折应手术治疗解剖复位。     

桡骨极远端骨折治疗研究进展

桡骨远端骨折的骨折线累及桡骨远端"分水岭"远侧时就演变为桡骨极远端骨折,传统的低切迹桡骨钢板往往不能有效固定其边缘骨折块,导致骨折移位甚至腕关节掌侧半脱位.桡骨极远端骨折的解剖学基础是桡骨月骨窝凸起,骨折后形成三角形骨块.在此类骨折患者中,可用于固定的月骨窝骨片长度不足15 mm或月骨最初下沉超过5 mm均是骨折固定失...     

舟骨骨折的诊断、分型与治疗

舟骨通过诸多韧带与桡骨远端、月骨、头骨以及大小多角骨构成关节，舟骨在维持腕关节稳定性和力量传导方面起着极为重要的作用。舟骨骨折会导致整个腕关节功能障碍，只有通过及时诊断、有效治疗和相应功能锻炼才能达到最佳疗效.     

掌侧入路斜“T”型钢板固定桡骨远端粉碎骨折

桡骨远端骨折，特别是累及关节面的粉碎性骨折，由于关节面不平整、桡骨短缩、掌侧或背侧移位、掌倾角和尺偏角的改变、腕关节应力改变，导致腕关节功能严重损害。由于桡骨远端骨折易累及关节面的特点，临床治疗较困难，如治疗不当常导致关节疼痛、畸形、创伤性关节炎而引起功能障碍。近年来随着内固定技术及对桡骨远端粉碎性骨折认识的提高，应用手术治疗骨折的主张得到各国学者的认同。我院采用斜“T”型钢板、掌侧入路对桡骨远端粉碎性骨折进行复位内固定，骨缺损时支撑植骨，临床疗效满意。     

桡骨远端关节内骨折治疗进展

桡骨远端关节内骨折治疗进展张抒综述侯春林审校桡骨远端关节内骨折由于其骨折类型复杂，常合并桡腕关节，下桡尺关节及腕周围软组织损伤，目前仍然是腕部损伤中的难题之一。传统的手法复位及石膏外固定很难维持关节面复位的均匀力量，易导致畸形愈合，进而产生桡腕、桡尺...     

腕关节镜技术辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的 探讨腕关节镜技术辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折的疗效.方法 采用腕关节镜技术辅助、结合内外固定治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折患者13例.患者主观症状用疼痛标尺法测量.腕关节功能按Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley 计分法评价.结果 12例获得随访,时间9～24个月.骨折愈合时间为5～8周.患者疼痛计分1.0～3.0(1.5±0.7)分;腕关节功能优6例,良5例,一般1例.结论 应用腕关节镜技术辅助治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折复位可较好地解决维持桡骨关节面高度和恢复关节面平整的问题,最大程度地恢复关节功能.     

经舟骨月骨周围脱位的诊断与治疗

1 应用解剖 腕骨的结构复杂，八块腕骨分为近、远两排，从桡侧向尺侧远排为大多角骨、小多角骨、头状骨和钩骨，远端与掌骨基底部形成腕掌关节，其近端与近排腕骨形成腕骨间关节。近排依次为舟骨、月骨、三角骨和豌豆骨，前三块腕骨与桡骨远端形成桡腕关节。桡腕关节是典型的椭圆关节，由桡骨腕关节面和关节盘的下面构成关节窝，舟、月、三角骨构成关节头，关节囊松弛，关节腔较宽，其外有韧带增强。     

腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折

目的采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折,并初步评价其治疗效果。方法15例桡骨远端关节内骨折患者,采用腕关节镜辅助可动力化外固定器技术治疗。常规X线片检查结合腕关节镜观察,测量手术前后尺偏角、掌倾角、桡骨短缩、关节面“台阶”和关节内骨折缝隙。患者主观症状用疼痛标尺法测量,腕关节功能按Sarmiento改良的Gartland-Werley计分法评价。结果术后患肢掌倾角、尺偏角、桡骨短缩和关节内骨折复位情况除2例关节内骨折缝隙大于2mm外,均获得满意效果;患者疼痛计分平均1.2分;腕关节功能优10例,良4例,一般1例。结论通过本组病例观察,可动力化外固定器技术可以较好地维持桡骨远端关节内骨折的稳定。腕关节镜手术有助于精确恢复关节面的平整。两项技术的结合使用较好地解决了维持桡骨关节面高度和恢复关节面平整的问题。     

钢板预置关节镜复位技术(PART)治疗桡骨远端骨折

目的 研究使用钢板预置关节镜复位技术(PART)治疗桡骨远端骨折,将腕掌侧锁定钢板技术与腕关节镜有效结合,提高C型桡骨远端骨折(AO分型)的治疗效果.方法 自2009年2月～2011年7月使用PART技术对13例桡骨远端C型骨折进行手术治疗,行桡骨远端骨折切开复位后予克氏针及预置掌侧锁定钢板临时固定骨折,在腕关节镜下对关节面处骨折行进一步复位,满意后用钢板螺钉将骨折完全固定.结果 桡骨远端关节面台阶移位及水平移位均在2 mm内.掌倾角0～15°,平均13.4°,尺偏角17～26°,平均22.3°.桡骨远端高度无短缩.采用Gartland和Werley评分标准对腕关节功能进行评价:优8例,良4例,中1例.结论 PART技术治疗桡骨远端C型骨折,将腕掌侧锁定钢板技术与腕关节镜有效简便结合,提高了关节面骨折复位水平,骨折固定坚强,可早期进行腕关节功能锻炼,临床效果优异.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

复合小剂量阿曲库铵对顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵起效时间的影响

目的观察顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵同时复合阿曲库铵用于全凭静脉诱导的起效时间。方法择期全麻手术患者80例,随机均分为A、B、C、D四组。A组单用3ED95(0.15 mg/kg)顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵作为对照组;另三组分别用3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵复合阿曲库铵0.05 mg/kg(B组)、0.10 mg/kg(C组)或0.15 mg/kg(D组)。采用TOF-Watch SX肌松监测。静注咪唑安定0.05mg/kg、芬太尼5μg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg及相应剂量肌松药,记录起效时间,进行气管插管条件评级。结果B、C、D组肌松起效时间依次加快,均明显短于A组(P<0.01),但B、C、D组之间差异无统计学意义。结论复合小剂量阿曲库铵能缩短3ED95顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵的起效时间。     

An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of enuresis nocturna on quality of life of the mothers. Mothers who have a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (n = 28) and mothers who have a child without any health problems (n = 38) were enrolled in the study. Groups were in balance for background variables (child’s age, gender, and number of siblings; mother’s age, marital status, highest year of education completed, and occupation; presence of health insurance; and type of residence). Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Spielberg’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were applied to all mothers. The mothers of children with enuresis had significantly lower quality-of-life scores in the SF-36 for the bodily pain (p = 0.015) and role emotional (p = 0.014) subscales. We observed significant difference between groups according to BDI; mean score was higher in mothers who have a child with enuresis nocturna (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference between groups according to the STAI. Significant differences according to bodily pain and role emotional subscales of SF-36, and the BDI scores, show that the mothers were negatively affected by having a child with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

胰头癌63例临床病理分析

目的:探讨接受外科治疗的胰头癌患者的临床病理特点。方法:回顾性将根治性切除与姑息性切除手术病例进行对照,对其年龄、性别、症状、体征、围手术期情况、肿瘤标记物检查、临床病理、手术并发症、手术切除率、生存率及其影响因素进行分析。结果:63例中,52例(91.2%)获得随访,根治组中位生存时间(13.8个月)明显高于姑息组(6.2个月)(P0.05),姑息组(6.2个月)与非手术组(5.4个月)无明显差异(P0.05);根治组患者导管腺癌发生率与姑息组比较有显著差异(P0.05);T1期患者切除率高于T4期(P0.01),CA19-9数值与胰头癌可切除率无明显相关(P0.05)。结论:手术是提高胰头癌患者生存率的重要手段,具有不同临床分期的胰头癌病人手术切除率及术后生存期具有显著差异。CA19-9可作为胰头癌常规的筛查方法,但与疾病进展程度无关。