基于自我效能理论框架的营养教育在直肠癌预防性回肠造口者中的应用效果分析

目的:探讨基于自我效能框架的营养教育在直肠癌预防性回肠造口患者中的应用效果。方法:选择2021年2月至2022年1月于我院拟接受预防性回肠造口的70例直肠癌患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为研究组和对照组,各35例。对照组接受常规健康教育,研究组在对照组基础上接受基于自我效能理论框架的营养教育。比较2组干预前、出院前1 d、出院后1个月和3个月患者的BMI、白蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数,以及干预前、出院后3个月患者的自我效能评分及整体营养状况。结果:干预前、出院前1 d、出院后1个月,2组BMI比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;出院后3个月,研究组患者BMI明显高于对照组,P<0.05。干预前、出院前1 d, 2组患者白蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数指标水平比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;出院后1个月、3个月,研究组白蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数指标水平均高于对照组,P<0.05。干预前2组患者造口自我效能评分、整体营养状况评分比较差异无统计学意义,P>0.05;出院后3个月2组患者自我效能评分均明显升高、整体营养状况均明显改善,且研究组优于对...     

腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术两针式预防性回肠造口的方法和效果

目的探讨腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术两针式预防性回肠造口的方法和效果。方法随机将接受腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术的96例患者分为2组,各48例。A组采用传统预防性回肠造口,B组使用两针固定法行预防性回肠造口。比较两种造口的制作时间、造口相关并发症发生率,以及造口回纳术的用时。结果B组患者造口制作时间明显短于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组术后并发症发生率及造口回纳术的用时差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜直肠癌Dixon术中采取两针式预防性回肠造口,安全、简便。     

12 mm trocar在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨12 mm trocar在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析2014年3月~2021年12月我院60例低位直肠癌的临床资料,2018年1月~2021年12月30例应用12 mm trocar行预防性回肠造口为观察组,2014年3月~2017年12月30例常规造口为对照组,观察2组患者造口手术时间、造口手术出血量、术后24 h造口处疼痛数字评分(Numeric Rating Scale,NRS)、造口相关并发症发生率、住院时间的差异。结果2组手术顺利,未发生严重并发症。观察组造口手术时间(19.5±3.8)min,显著短于对照组(25.7±5.8)min(t=-4.898,P=0.000);造口手术出血量(14.2±4.4)ml,明显少于对照组(18.7±5.6)ml(t=-3.461,P=0.001);术后24 h造口处疼痛NRS(2.2±1.0)分,明显低于对照组(3.2±1.0)分(t=-3.873,P=0.000)。2组造口相关并发症发生率分别为6.7%(2/30)、13.3%(4/30),差异无统计学意义(P=0.667);住院时间分别为(9.6±1.1)d、(9.7±1.0)d,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.368,P=0.714)。结论12 mm trocar应用在腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治术后预防性回肠造口中安全、可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

腹白线一针式预防性回肠双腔造口在腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用

探讨腹白线位置采用一针式进行预防性回肠双腔造口在腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术中的应用价值.回顾性分析2015年3月—2020年6月郓城县人民医院收治的53例低位的直肠癌保肛患者,自腹白线一针式预防性回肠双腔造口的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术的28例(观察组),同期传统三层缝合式预防性回肠双腔造口的腹腔镜直肠癌低位前切除术25例...     

预防性回肠造口在低位直肠癌保肛手术中临床体会

目的 探讨回肠造口术预防直肠癌低位前切除术后的临床价值. 方法 回顾性分析本院近3年来72例低位直肠癌的病例资料,分为预防性回肠造口组35例（试验组）,未造口37例（对照组）.两组患者术后吻合口愈合进行对比分析. 结果 试验组35例吻合口无发生瘘,无医疗纠纷,对照组37例发生吻合口瘘7例（18.92％）,差异有统计学意义. 结论 低位直肠癌在肿瘤达到根治术的基础上可以成功保肛,预防性回肠造口明显降低术后吻合口瘘的发生率,预防医疗纠纷的发生,能在一定程度上提高患者的生活质量.     

健康教练教育对预防性肠造口患者自我护理能力的影响

目的 探讨健康教练教育对提升预防性肠造口患者自我护理能力的作用.方法 将110例直肠癌行预防性肠造口的患者随机分为干预组和对照组各55例.对照组采取个体宣教,每周2次集中授课,1次理论授课,1次实践操作,每月定期随访等常规健康教育;干预组在此基础上采取健康教练教育进行造口管理.比较两组手术前后的肠造口自我护理能力和术后造口并发症发生率.结果 术后第5天、术后1个月末、术后3个月末干预组自我护理能力总分优于同期的对照组(均P＜0.01).术后1个月、术后3个月干预组的刺激性皮炎发生率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 健康教练教育能提高预防性肠造口患者的自我护理能力,降低造口并发症的发生.     

T型预防性回肠造口的临床应用

预防性肠造口是暂时性肠道转流术,其目的是为了保证肠吻合口愈合、防止肠瘘的发生,或改善患者肠道及机体现状、为进一步手术创造时机[1].我院于2005年1月至2010年4月期间,对16例患者采用＂T＂型预防性回肠造口,并对造口关闭和造口回纳方式进行了改良,取得良好效果,现总结报道如下.     

结直肠吻合术后预防性回肠造口与结肠造口比较的Meta分析

目的 比较结直肠吻合术后预防性回肠造口与结肠造口的并发症,探讨何种造口方式更具有优势.方法 检索PubMed,Embase,The Cochrane Library数据库公开发表的比较回肠造口与结肠造口的研究和相关文献.通过采用RevMan 5.0统计软件,合并及比较两者并发症,选择计算相对危险度(95％CI)作为效应尺度指标来评估这两种方式的有效性及安全性.结果 5篇随机对照研究和7篇非随机对照研究符合纳入标准,共计1687例患者.随机对照研究的Meta分析结果表明回肠造口组发生造口脱垂(相对危险度0.15,95％ CI:0.04～0.48,P=0.001)的风险较小,非随机对照研究的Meta分析结果显示回肠造口组发生造口脱垂(相对危险度0.26,95％CI 0.10～0.67,P=0.005)和由造口回纳引起切口感染(相对危险度0.28,95％ CI 0.15 ～0.52,P＜0.0001)的风险较小.对于其他并发症如吻合口瘘、造口旁疝、由造口回纳引起的肠梗阻及造口周围皮炎等,分析结果差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 两种预防性造口方式各有利弊,相对于结肠造口而言,更支持回肠造口.然而,到目前为止仍然没有足够的证据表明何种方式更具优势.因此,大样本的随机对照试验和高质量的研究需要被开展以进一步论证.     

末端回肠造口脱垂1例

低位直肠癌行末端回肠造口可减少吻合口瘘的发生率及吻合口瘘引起的严重并发症,但木端回肠造口也有狭窄、梗阻、造口旁疝、出血、脱垂等并发症,本研究报道1例直肠癌术后末端回肠造口近端肠管严重脱垂的患者。     

回肠造口并发症的护理干预

目的为了处理和预防回肠造口并发症,提高造口病人的生存质量。方法运用护理程序,通过对35例回肠造口术病人术后进行仔细观察和评估,找出病人存在和潜在的问题,制定针对性的护理措施。结果通过一系列对症处理,除一例病人因全身衰竭死亡外,其余所有病例均无并发症发生,全愈出院。结论有目、有计划、有步骤地采取一系列的护理措施,达到防治造口并发症的目的,提高了造口病人的生存质量。     

低位直肠癌Dixon保肛手术联合预防性回肠造口的应用效果观察

目的考察低位直肠切除保肛手术(Dixon)联合预防性回肠造口治疗低位直肠癌的应用效果。 方法选取2012年7月至2016年7月低位直肠癌住院患者62例,按患者手术方式分为单纯保肛组(29例)和联合造口组(33例)。单纯保肛组患者仅接受低位Dixon保肛手术治疗,联合造口组患者在单纯保肛组基础上联合预防性回肠造口治疗。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行统计学处理,术后恢复情况指标、术前、术后3个月及6个月肛门功能和术后生活质量评分等计量资料以 ±s表示,采用独立t检验;术后并发症发生率等计数资料比较采用χ²检验。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果联合造口组的手术时间、恢复排气排便时间、恢复进食时间、下床时间和住院时间均明显少于单纯保肛组(P<0.05);联合造口组的吻合口漏、吻合口狭窄发生率较低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);手术后3个月和6个月,联合造口组的Wexner评分均明显低于单纯保肛组(P<0.05);同单纯保肛组相比,联合造口组术后6个月排尿频率、脓血便、排便频率、排气失禁、排便失禁和焦虑评分均较低(P<0.05)。 结论低位直肠癌Dixon保肛手术联合预防性回肠造口可在加快患者恢复速度的同时,降低术后吻合口漏等并发症发生率,提高术后生活质量,值得在临床推广。     

预防性回肠末端造口术对腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治性保肛手术疗效的影响

目的探讨预防性回肠末端造口术对腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治性保肛手术患者炎性指标与前白蛋白及肛门功能的影响。 方法选取2010年9月至2012年6月在徐州市肿瘤医院接受治疗的腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治性保肛手术患者96例,随机分为对照组（常规方式吻合）与观察组（预防性回肠末端造口）,各48例。比较两组患者围手术期指标,记录两组患者术后0.5~12个月肛门功能情况以及并发症,生存情况采用Kaplan-Meier法和Log-rank检验。 结果术后5 d时,观察组患者前白蛋白水平较术前及同期对照组水平升高,C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）较术前及同期对照组水平降低,差异均有统计学意义（t=9.236、8.335、9.164,均P<0.05）。观察组患者的肛管静息压、肛管最大收缩压以及直肠最大耐受容量在术后6、9、12个月时均高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。观察组患者术后首次肛门排气时间、排便恢复时间、住院时间及并发症发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t=6.323、5.913、6.135,χ²=7.529,均P<0.05）。两组5年生存率、无进展生存时间、平均生存时间比较,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.349,t=2.475、1.616;P=0.560、0.450、0.329）。 结论预防性回肠末端造口术可降低腹腔镜低位直肠癌根治性保肛手术患者的炎性反应,明显改善患者肛门功能。     

Variations of the renal function parameters in rectal cancer patients with a defunctioning loop ileostomy

Purpose

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the temporary loop ileostomy on renal function and also to assess the factors associated with the change in renal function observed between the index surgery (the moment of the radical surgical procedure) and the closure of the ileostomy (the moment of the secondary surgical act of suppression of the ileostomy).

Methods

A total of 69 rectal cancer patients from a single referral surgical unit who had a loop ileostomy during low anterior resection of the rectum were included in this study. Serum creatinine levels were evaluated, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated prior to index surgery and closure of the ileostomy.

Results

During this time interval, there was a significant decrease in eGFR levels (mean difference ??4.5 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% CI ??7.8 to ??1.3 mL/min/1.73 m²), and also a significant increase in the serum creatinine values (mean difference 0.07, 95% CI 0.02–0.12 mg/dL). The eGFR decrease was more pronounced in diabetic patients, in those with a baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index score?≥?1 or in those that received chemotherapy. In a multivariable regression analysis, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was the only variable significantly associated with the change in eGFR levels between the two surgical interventions.

Conclusion

Renal function impairment is an important event that the surgeon has to take into consideration when deciding upon opting for a loop ileostomy to temporarily defunction a colorectal anastomosis.

     

Risk factors for complications after diverting ileostomy closure in patients who have undergone rectal cancer surgery

Purpose

To clarify the risk factors for complications after diverting ileostomy closure in patients who have undergone rectal cancer surgery.

Methods

The study group comprised 240 patients who underwent a diverting ileostomy at the time of lower anterior resection or internal anal sphincter resection, in our department, between 2004 and 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 18 variables were performed to establish which of these are risk factors for postoperative complications.

Results

The most common complications were intestinal obstruction and wound infection. Univariate analysis showed that an age of 72 years or older (p?=?0.0028), an interval between surgery and closure of 6 months or longer (p?=?0.0049), and an operation time of 145 min or longer (p?=?0.0293) were significant risk factors for postoperative complications. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio, 3.4236; p?=?0.0025), the interval between surgery and closure (odds ratio, 3.4780; p?=?0.0039), and operation time (odds 2.5179; p?=?0.0260) were independent risk factors.

Conclusions

Age, interval between surgery and closure, and operation time were independent risk factors for postoperative complications after diverting ileostomy closure. Thus, temporary ileostomy closure should be performed within 6 months after surgery for rectal cancer.

     

Ghost ileostomy after anterior resection for rectal cancer: a preliminary experience

Purpose

The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the feasibility and the eventual advantages of ghost ileostomy (GI) versus covering stoma (CS) in terms of complications, hospital stay and quality of life of patients and their caregivers after anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Methods

In this prospective study, we included patients who had rectal cancer treated with laparotomic anterior resection and confectioning a stoma (GI or CS), in the period comprised between January 2008 and January 2009. Short-term and long-term surgery-related mortality and morbidity after primary surgery (including that stoma-related and colorectal anastomosis-related) and consequent to the intervention of intestinal recanalization (CS group) and GI closure were evaluated. We evaluated hospital stay and quality of life of patients and their caregivers.

Results

Stoma-related morbidity rate was higher in the CS group than in GI group (37% vs. 5.5%, respectively, P?=?0.04). Morbidity rate after intestinal recanalization in the CS group was 25.9% and 0% after GI closure (P?=?0.08). Overall stoma morbidity rate was significantly lower in the GI group with respect to CS group (5.5% vs. 40.7%, respectively, P?=?0.03). CS group was characterized by a significantly longer recovery time (P?=?0.0002). Caregivers and stoma-related quality of life were better in the GI group than in CS group (P?<?0.0001 and P?=?0.0005, respectively).

Conclusions

GI is feasible, characterized by shorter recovery, lesser degree of total, as well as anastomosis-related morbidity and higher quality of life of patients and the caregivers in respect to CS. We suggest that GI (should be evaluated as an alternative to conventional ileostomy) could be indicated in selected patients that do not present risk factors, but require caution for anastomotic leakage for the low level of colorectal anastomosis.     

系统化护理干预模式在低位直肠癌行腹腔镜手术患者中的应用

目的探讨系统化护理干预模式在低位直肠癌行腹腔镜手术患者中的应用效果。方法采用历史对照研究,将2013-01后实行系统护理干预的62例低位直肠癌患者作为干预组,2012-01—2012-12间常规护理59例低位直肠癌患者作为对照组,比较2组患者术后镇痛药物使用率、术后恢复情况、并发症发生率。出院后患者均接受1~3个月随访,采用SF-36量表评价患者生活质量。结果 2组患者均保肛成功,干预组肠功能恢复时间、平均住院时间明显短于对照组,止痛药物使用率为11.26%,并发症发生率3.23%,均低于对照组,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。患者出院后均随访1~3个月,干预组患者在总体评分及生理机能等8个维度评分均高于对照组,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论系统护理干预为患者提供多角度、全方位指导,不仅有利于治疗方案的顺利实施,对术后的康复及生活质量的提高至关重要。     

Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy improves the outcome of selected patients undergoing mastectomy for breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for contralateral breast cancer (CBC) may indicate a benefit for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) at the time of unilateral mastectomy for breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of CPM in preventing CBC. METHODS: sixty-four patients undergoing CPM and a control group of 182 patients not undergoing CPM and matched for age, stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy were retrospectively compared for CBC rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: Thirty-six CBCs occurred in the control group. In the CPM group, 3 CBCs were found at the time of prophylactic mastectomy, but none occurred subsequently (P = 0.005). Disease-free survival at 15 years in the CPM group was 55% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38% to 69%) versus 28% (95% CI 19% to 36%) in the control group (P = 0.01). Overall survival at 15 years was 64% (95% CI 45% to 78%) CPM versus 48% (95% CI 39% to 58%) in controls (P = 0.26). CONCLUSION: CPM prevented CBC and significantly prolonged disease-free survival. Future studies will need to address risk assessment and contralateral breast cancer prevention in patients treated for early breast cancer.     

直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗期间营养状况调查分析

目的了解直肠癌患者新辅助放化疗期间的营养状况及变化规律,为制定有效的管理方案提供参考。方法对66例直肠癌新辅助放化疗患者,采用营养风险筛查量表、患者主观整体评估量表于放疗定位时、开始放疗及放疗第1~5周7个时间点进行测评。结果体质量随治疗进程而下降(P<0.01);33.3%~57.6%患者存在营养风险,中、度重营养不良分别为18.2%~54.5%及0~34.8%;发生体质量丢失51例(77.3%);同步双药化疗者体质量丢失率显著高于单药化疗者(P<0.01);体质量丢失明显者放化疗不耐受率显著高于体质量丢失较轻者(P<0.01)。结论直肠癌患者放化疗前即存在营养风险,随治疗进程重度营养不良者增多,导致其难以耐受治疗。应制定针对性干预方案,改善患者营养状况,确保放化疗的顺利实施。