后腹腔镜下输尿管离断成形术治疗腔静脉后输尿管6例报告

目的探讨腔静脉后输尿管患者行后腹腔镜下输尿管离断成形术的疗效。方法回顾性分析6例腔静脉后输尿管患者的诊断及治疗经过,男性4例,女性2例。所有患者均经B超、逆行肾盂输尿管造影、CTU或MRU检查诊断为右侧腔静脉后输尿管,均伴有右肾积水和上段输尿管扩张。所有患者均行后腹腔镜下输尿管离断成形术。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,无1例中转开放手术,术后所有患者均无明显并发症出现。术后1月拔除双J管,所有患者均恢复良好。平均随访18月,显示右肾积水显著减少。结论本组6例腔静脉后输尿管患者行腹膜后腹腔镜下输尿管离断成形术均获成功,该手术安全性高、疗效肯定、损伤小、术后恢复快,值得进一步推广。     

输尿管镜致输尿管严重损伤的处理

目的探讨输尿管镜致输尿管严重损伤的处理方法。方法回顾性分析我院2 876例输尿管镜诊疗过程中15例输尿管严重损伤的临床资料。15例中,输尿管断裂4例,均行输尿管吻合术;输尿管全层撕脱4例,其中1例行肾下移输尿管膀胱瓣吻合,2例行回肠代输尿管术,1例行肾切除术;输尿管黏膜袖套样剥离7例,其中4例内置双J管引流,1例行输尿管膀胱瓣吻合,2例行回肠代输尿管术。结果所有患者均经随访3个月～3年,1例出现输尿管末端狭窄闭锁,行输尿管膀胱再植术后治愈,1例因反复肾感染行肾切除外,余13例均无异常。结论输尿管镜手术致输尿管严重损伤时,及时发现损伤并按损伤类型不同,分别采用输尿管吻合、输尿管膀胱吻合、回肠代输尿管等方法处理,疗效满意,预后好。     

腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗腔静脉后输尿管（附4例报告）

目的探讨经腹膜后途径行腹腔镜输尿管成形术治疗下腔静脉后输尿管畸形的方法与疗效。方法 4例下腔静脉后输尿管患者均行腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管成形术,于扩张输尿管下端离断输尿管,移至腔静脉腹侧端端吻合,恢复正常解剖结构。结果 4例手术均成功,平均手术时间170（120-200）min,腹腔镜操作平均时间为150（105-180）min。无下腔静脉等邻近器官损伤,术中无明显出血,术后无漏尿发生,腰痛消失,3个月后复查示肾及输尿管上段积水扩张显著减轻,肾功能良好,吻合口无狭窄。结论经腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管成形术具有创伤小、疼痛轻、术后恢复快的优点,是治疗腔静脉后输尿管合并肾积水的首选方法 。     

输尿管镜碎石术并发输尿管损伤临床分析

目的总结输尿管镜碎石术并发输尿管损伤及其防治措施。方法对150例应用输尿管镜碎石术患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,统计术中、术后输尿管损伤发生情况及其处理方法。结果发生输尿管损伤7例,均术中发现,其中输尿管穿孔5例。均成功留置双J管;l例术中输尿管下段完全断裂改开放手术行输尿管膀胱再植术治愈;1例术中发现下段粘膜撕脱约lcm,经抗感染、留置双J管2个月等治疗后恢复。结论应用输尿管镜手术成功率高。输尿管损伤较少见.且绝大多数行保守治疗可得到解决;熟练的手术操作是减少输尿管损伤的关键。     

经膀胱镜输尿管双J管置入治疗小儿上尿路梗阻

目的探讨经膀胱镜留置输尿管双J管在小儿上尿路梗阻中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2014年12月~2018年5月45例膀胱镜输尿管双J管置入治疗上尿路梗阻的资料,其中先天性肾积水20例,急性输尿管结石梗阻23例,肾盂离断成形术后积水复发2例。均经膀胱镜逆行置入F3、F4或F4.7双J管。结果2例先天性肾积水和3例急性输尿管结石梗阻未能置入输尿管双J管,其余40例留置双J管位置良好。先天性肾积水18例均于术后6个月取出双J管,8例随访3~4年积水未加重,10例因积水加重行腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术;急性输尿管结石梗阻20例于1~2周拔除输尿管双J管,二期输尿管镜钬激光碎石成功;肾盂离断成形术后积水复发2例均于术后6个月拔除输尿管双J管,1例随访1年5个月肾积水无再次加重,1例因肾积水再次加重于拔管后20天行腹腔镜肾盂离断成形术。结论输尿管双J管置入可有效缓解小儿上尿路梗阻,达到缓解肾脏压力的目的,可作为婴幼儿和儿童上尿路梗阻的一线治疗方案。     

医原性输尿管膀胱损伤诊治分析

目的 探讨医原性输尿管膀胱损伤发生原因及防治方法.方法 医原性输尿管膀胱损伤患者47例,男7例,女40例.其中妇产科手术损伤38例、泌尿外科5例、普外科4例. 结果 术中发现输尿管损伤16例,其中断裂14例,输尿管壁部分撕裂伤2例;行输尿管断端吻合术13例,肾盂输尿管吻合术1例,1例输尿管镜手术引起输尿管穿孔者予终止手术并留置双J管,1例被迫切除肾脏;术后3～7 d发现输尿管损伤7例,其中输尿管下段被结扎4例.输尿管阴道瘘3例,均于术后2周内行输尿管下段膀胱再植术.术中发现膀胱损伤19例,膀胱壁不规则撕裂长约1～3 cm;行膀胱修补术17例,由腔镜和TVT手术引起膀胱穿孔2例予留置导尿1周;术后1周～1个月发现膀胱阴道瘘5例,均于3个月后行瘘管切除修补术.术后47例随访5个月～11年,平均47个月,患者均治愈,无并发症. 结论 医原性损伤重在预防,术中及时发现、正确处理可避免二次手术;术后出现尿瘘者选择合理治疗方案可提高治愈率.     

螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术修复全程输尿管损伤的疗效分析(附6例报告)

目的:观察螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术修复全程或接近全程输尿管损伤的疗效,探讨膀胱肌瓣修复长段输尿管损伤(20cm)的手术方式。方法:回顾性分析6例因输尿管上段结石行输尿管镜下碎石术并发的全程或接近全程输尿管损伤患者的治疗过程:男4例,女2例;年龄37~59岁,平均49岁;左侧4例,右侧2例。其中输尿管黏膜全程撕脱2例,自肾盂至膀胱连接处输尿管完全离断4例;损伤长度21~25cm,平均22cm。6例均采用螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术。术中注意保护患侧膀胱上动脉的完整性,取瓣要循膀胱上动脉走行裁剪。其中5例术中同行肾脏下降固定术和膀胱腰大肌悬吊术,以缩短患侧肾和膀胱间距,1例切瓣卷管后直接与肾盂端吻合。酌情转移带蒂大网膜组织覆盖重建输尿管。结果:6例手术顺利,手术时间1~2h,平均1.5h。5例成形输尿管旁引流管术后第3天拔除,1例因漏尿于术后第10天拔除。6例切口均一期愈合。术后2周复查血肌酐和尿素氮正常,术后8周在膀胱镜下安全拔除双J管。1例术中未同行肾脏下降固定术和膀胱腰大肌悬吊术的患者术后3个月行静脉尿路造影(IVU)检查,发现重建输尿管明显狭窄且伴肾积水,重新置入双J管行保守治疗,2个月后复查ECT示患侧肾脏功能重度受损,于术后6个月行患肾切除术。1例术后6个月IVU复查时发现手术侧轻度肾积水及输尿管轻度扩张,但总肾功能正常。余4例随访2~4年,未见明显异常,IVU检查显示手术侧成形输尿管形态均正常,显影良好,均未发现明显的膀胱输尿管反流,因膀胱容量缩小导致的下尿路症状(LUTS)不明显。结论:螺旋状带蒂膀胱肌瓣输尿管成形术是长段输尿管损伤修复的理想术式,创伤小,并发症少,恢复快,尤其适用于缺损长度超过20cm乃至全程输尿管损伤的修复治疗,有较高的推广价值。     

医源性输尿管损伤的手术治疗38例报告

目的:总结38例医源性输尿管损伤的手术方法和治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析2010年1月～2017年12月我院收治的38例医源性输尿管损伤患者的临床资料。38例患者中,妇产科手术损伤15例,泌尿外科16例,普外科7例。术中发现25例,术后发现13例。确诊后均积极进行手术治疗。12例行输尿管镜下留置双J管术,8例行输尿管端端吻合术,6例行输尿管膀胱再植术,4例行输尿管膀胱角吻合术,3例行膀胱壁瓣输尿管吻合术,2例行输尿管松解术,2例先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术,3个月后改行回肠代输尿管术,1例行患肾切除术。结果:术后平均随访18(6～36)个月,定期行B超、CT、静脉尿路造影等检查,12例输尿管镜下留置双J管术后输尿管狭窄合并中度肾积水5例,行输尿管膀胱再植术后好转;8例输尿管端端吻合术后输尿管狭窄合并中度肾积水2例,行输尿管镜球囊扩张后好转。其余患者患侧输尿管通畅无狭窄,患侧肾无积水。结论:医源性输尿管损伤的处理应根据输尿管损伤情况、患者的具体情况和医生所掌握的技术采用不同的手术治疗方案。复杂性医源性输尿管损伤行输尿管镜留置双J管和输尿管端端吻合术,术后远期输尿管狭窄发生率较高,需要密切随访,必要时进一步处理。     

腹腔镜下处理输尿管损伤一例报告

2005年3月我院应用腹腔镜一期修复损伤输尿管1例。现报告如下。患者，女，52岁。因乙状结肠癌在腹腔镜下行肠癌根除术。术后第7天腹腔引流管内引流液呈尿样，急查IVU示右输尿管下段断裂。原手术录像显示在后腹膜提起时误将输尿管切断。术后第9天在全麻下经腹腔镜行输尿管再吻合术。从腹壁原切口放入窥镜及操作镜，沿后腹膜切口顺利找到近端输尿管。     

输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石合并息肉后输尿管再狭窄的处理

目的 探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石合并息肉后输尿管再狭窄的治疗策略。方法 2003年12月～2004年8月，我院应用输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管结石67例，其中合并输尿管息肉5例术后1～2个月出现输尿管管腔再狭窄、闭锁，再次开放手术行输尿管部分切除、输尿管端端吻合（4例）或膀胱再植术（1例）。结果 随访1～2个月，4例肾积水消失，1例双侧输尿管狭窄者肾积水减轻，血肌酐由700．3μmol／L降至165μmol／L。结论 对围绕输尿管壁环形生长，广基多发，且生长有息肉的输尿管长度〉1cm的输尿管纤维上皮息肉的处理，不宜应用输尿管镜钬激光汽化，而适宜开放手术切除部分输尿管，行输尿管端端吻合或输尿管膀胱再植手术。     

Retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy for impacted ureteral stone

Retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy was successfully performed in two patients with impacted upper ureteral stone. The retroperitoneal space was extended using a balloon dissector and four ports were established into the retroperitoneal space according to Gaur's procedure (1993). The impacted ureteral stone was removed after the ureter was incised using a hook electrode. An indwelling splint or stent was placed in the ureter. The incised ureter was not sutured and an indwelling drain was placed in the retroperitoneal space. Urine leakage ceased within 3 days postoperatively. With regard to complications, the first patient developed wound infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the second patient had abscess formation in the psoas muscle. Retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy should be useful as an alternative treatment for impacted ureteral stones because it involves minimal postoperative pain.     

Spontaneous rupture of common iliac artery associated with fibromuscular dysplasia presenting with colic pain suggestive of ureteral stone

We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the common iliac artery associated with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). A 21-year-old previously healthy male presented with acute onset of colic pain, suspected to be caused by a ureteral stone. Abdominal computed tomography and angiography revealed a retroperitoneal hematoma caused by rupture of the common iliac artery. In spite of an emergency operation initiated quickly, the patient died. A pathological examination demonstrated FMD of the common iliac artery. Although very rare, it is important to bear in mind that the possibility of retroperitoneal hemorrhage exists in patient with sudden lumbago.     

Percutaneous ureterolithotomy: direct method for removal of impacted ureteral stones

PURPOSE: We report 52 percutaneous urterolithotomies in 51 patients having large, impacted middle ureteral stones. Direct percutaneous stone removal can be performed as successfully as in cases of renal stones treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHODS: The operation is performed under local anesthesia; therefore, the procedure is quicker and simpler than the laparoscopic or retroperitoneoscopic intervention. All patients became stone free. In two patients (4%), ultrasound disintegration was necessary; in the remaining cases, there was no need for any fragmentation: the stone was removed intact. A retroperitoneal drain was always left at the end of the procedure. With the exception of two cases, the ureter was always stented without closure of the ureteral incision. RESULTS: Fever (> or = 38 degrees C) was observed in 15 patients (29%) for 2 days. Retroperitoneal hematoma 5 cm in diameter was seen in one patient. One patient had urine leakage through the retroperitoneal drain in the postoperative period for 18 days. Also, one patient came back 3 days after discharge with urine leakage through the percutaneous retroperitoneal tract. CONCLUSION: Direct percutaneous ureterolithotomy is an effective way to remove impacted middle ureteral stones but is advisable only for endourologists with considerable experience.     

Perforation of the upper ureter: a rare complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Perforation of the upper ureter is a rare but serious complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). Ureteral perforation can cause a series of problems including the retroperitoneal urinoma, urosepsis, abscess formation, infection, and subsequent renal function impairment. We reported here a rare case of SWL-induced upper ureteral rupture resulting in an expanding retroperitoneal urinoma that required percutaneous drainage. Ureteral perforation was treated successfully without major surgical intervention by employing temporary percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. The present case indicates that potential ureter rupture may form in rare cases; especially in patients having infected stones and exposed to a high number of shock waves. This complication further emphasizes the importance of adequate pre-and post-operative evaluation and the precise identification of the cause of the persistent pain after SWL.     

Fibrosis of a renal transplant ureter.

Ureteral obstruction following renal transplantation, although not a common occurrence, is a serious complication because of the single functioning kidney. Obstruction may be caused by ureterovesical stenosis, retroperitoneal fibrosis or adhesions, clot formation, pelvic lymphoceles or kinking of the ureter. A case is presented in which there was progressive partial ureteral obstruction caused by fibrosis and stricture of the transplant ureter, which were probably owing to rejection episodes.     

肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的原因分析

目的:探讨肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的原因。方法:对2008年5月~2012年6月5例肾结石ESWL后肾脏血肿的临床资料进行分析并文献复习。结果:采用上海交通大学JDPN-ⅤB型液电式碎石机治疗后引起肾脏血肿3例,深圳惠康HK.ESWL-109型电磁式碎石机治疗引起2例。体型肥胖并高血压2例(其中1例糖尿病)。2例因输尿管结石梗阻感染行输尿管镜取石术后行同侧肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿,2例行一侧输尿管结石ESWL后行对侧肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿,1例右输尿管上段结石ESWL后部分结石上移肾内行肾结石ESWL后出现肾脏血肿。4例保守治疗痊愈(肾包膜下血肿2例,肾包膜破裂肾周血肿2例);1例肾周大血肿腹膜后扩散,输血3 500ml,行高选择性肾动脉分支栓塞治愈。结论:ESWL并非绝对安全、没有重大并发症,只有掌握合适的适应证才安全可靠,在治疗前后需要仔细观察和评估。导致肾脏血肿的易患因素有凝血功能异常、抗凝药物的使用、糖尿病、高血压、老年患者、心脏病、肥胖等因素。高低能量冲击波的交替使用,有助于提高碎石的成功率及安全性。绝大多数患者可以通过保守治疗治愈,少数需要肾动脉栓塞治疗,个别严重患者需要肾切除来挽救生命。     

Retroperitoneal fibrosis suspected to be ureteral tumor because of its localization at the unilateral distal ureter: a case report]

The patient was a 32-year-old female with the complaint of right flank pain. Drip infusion pyelogram showed right hydronephrosis and retrograde urogram demonstrated a marked stenosis about 2 cm in length at the right distal ureter. The passage of the ureteral catheter and the contrast medium through the narrowing portion of the ureter could not be performed. The abdominal computerized tomographic (CT)-scan disclosed renal subcapsular urinoma, although no abnormal findings which caused ureteral stenosis were revealed. A suspicion of right ureteral tumor was entertained and total nephroureterectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was the idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis, which involved the right ureter. One hundred and fifty five cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis in the Japanese literature were reviewed.     

腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术4例报告

目的 :探讨经腹及经后腹腔腹腔镜输尿管切开取石的效果。方法 :输尿管上段结石 3例 ,双侧输尿管下段结石 1例 ,病程 2个月～ 3年 ,结石直径 1 5～ 2 2cm ,均经ESWL无效 ;用X线体表标志定位 ,输尿管上段 3例 ,用水囊扩张腹膜后间隙 ,经后腹腔操作 ,找到输尿管 ,用尖刀或钩刀切开输尿管 ,取出结石 ,在切口直接插入双J管 ,缝合切口 2～ 3针 ;输尿管下段结石 1例 ,用超声刀切开后腹膜 ,找到输尿管 ,同样处理结石及输尿管。结果 :4例手术均成功 ,手术时间 90～ 190min ,平均 135min ,随诊 2～ 10月 ,无并发症。结论 :腹腔镜经腹及经后腹腔输尿管切开取石术创伤小、恢复快 ,值得推广。     

后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切治疗上尿路尿路上皮癌

目的探讨后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切行上尿路尿路上皮癌（upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma,UUT—UC）根治性切除术的疗效。方法2009年4月～2012年1月,对21例UUT—UC采用后腹腔镜联合经尿道输尿管口电切行肾、输尿管、膀胱袖状切除术。先经尿道行输尿管口电切使输尿管与膀胱完全脱离,后腹腔镜下行肾及上段输尿管的游离和切除,取标本同时游离中下段输尿管以完成全程输尿管的切除。结果21例手术均成功,手术时间80～150min,平均110min,术中出血量60～180ml,平均100ml;无严重并发症发生。术后住院8～14d,平均9．5d。病理检查均为UUT—UC,其中肾盂癌15例,输尿管癌6例,20例T1-2N0M0,1例T3N0M0。21例随访4～36个月,平均20个月,均未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论后腹腔镜手术联合经尿道输尿管口电切治疗低级别肾盂癌和上段输尿管癌安全、有效。