乳腺触觉成像诊断乳腺疾病临床价值研究

目的 探讨乳腺触觉成像（palpation imaging,PI）对乳腺疾病的诊断价值。方法 对2010年10月至2011年3月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院乳腺外科就诊的151例病人共计213个病灶,行PI、B超、钼靶及磁共振成像（MRI）检查,各检查方法独立进行。以病理诊断为金标准,通过受试者工作特征曲线（ROC曲线）评估PI对乳房病灶的诊断价值,并比较不同方法诊断结果的差异。结果 PI对病灶的良恶性具有较好的诊断价值（AUC=0.832,95%CI：0.766～0.898,P<0.001）,敏感度为87.0%,显著高于钼靶（63.5%,P=0.005）,与B超（87.0%）及MRI（94.0%）相比差异无统计学意义。PI的特异度及准确率为69.8%与74.2%,与钼靶相比差异无统计学意义（80.5%,P=0.041,未达到调整后检验水准α’ =0.0083;75.4%,P=0.778）,但显著低于B超（86.2%,P<0.001;86.4%,P=0.002）及MRI（85.7%,P=0.005;88.7%,P<0.001）。结论 PI对于乳房疾病具有良好的诊断价值,有望成为乳腺疾病现有辅助检查外的又一种重要检查方法。     

全数字化X线乳腺钼靶、MRI对乳腺癌的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨全数字化x线乳腺钼靶、MRI检查对乳腺癌的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析35例经手术证实的乳腺癌患者的全数字化x线乳腺钼靶及MRI检查资料,分析其影像学特征,并统计对比钼靶、MRI联合和单独应用的诊断准确率。结果全数字化x线乳腺钼靶表现：单发肿块22例,其中分叶20例,毛刺12例,钙化6例,不规则浸润13例,皮肤增厚、皮下水肿4例,肿大淋巴结10例。MRI表现：形状不规则或分叶,边缘不规则毛刺,T1WI相平扫呈低信号,与周围正常腺体无法区分;T2WI呈不均匀等高信号,边缘欠清,周围见长短毛刺征,增强后明显强化,表现为均匀、不均匀及边缘强化。MRI检查诊断准确率（30／35,85．71％）高于全数字化x线乳腺钼靶检查（22／35,62．85％）,X2=4．786,P=0．029。联合应用诊断准确率（34／35,97．14％）高于两者单独应用,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论乳腺癌全数字化x线乳腺钼靶、MRI表现具有一定的特征性,两者联合应用有助于提高乳腺癌具有特征性的诊断正确率。     

乳腺钼靶、超声、磁共振成像对硅胶假体植入后发生乳腺癌的影像学观察

目的探讨乳腺钼靶、超声、MRI在硅胶假体植入乳房后发生乳腺癌的诊断评估。方法 2014年3月至2021年10月, 郑州大学第一附属医院磁共振科收集具有完整临床及影像学资料的硅胶假体植入后女性乳腺癌患者20例(年龄38～49岁, 平均44岁), 分析乳腺钼靶、超声、MRI对硅胶假体和病变的显示情况, 并比较3种影像学方法对硅胶假体植入后乳腺癌病变的检出率、诊断准确率、漏诊率之间的差异。结果与乳腺钼靶相比, 超声和MRI均能完整显示假体与乳腺病变;钼靶、超声、MRI三者之间病变检出率、诊断准确率、漏诊率之间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05), 其中MRI对硅胶假体植入后乳腺癌病变检出率、诊断准确率比钼靶高, 漏诊率比钼靶低, 差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论超声和MRI对硅胶假体植入后乳腺癌的评估优于乳腺钼靶, MRI在指导临床诊疗方面更具优势。     

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医学影像学是临床医学科学中发展较快的学科之一。在原有X线造影检查基础上，计算机体层成像(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)、超声等断面成像技术应用于腹部之后，使腹部疾病的诊断发生了质的变化。近年来，随着影像技术的迅速发展，如多排螺旋CT、高场强MRI、肝脏功能成像、组织(器官)特异性对比剂、彩超、各种介入技术在临床上的应用，使影像技术在腹部疾病中所发挥的作用已经超越了单纯的定位与定性诊断，并在选择治疗方案、制定详细手术计划、疗效评估以及微创治疗等方面，正在发挥着越来越大的作用。因此，作为普外科医生应重视影像技术的临床应用研究，熟知各种影像技术的特点，掌握其适应证，更加充分地利用影像技术为普外科临床服务。     

少见乳腺炎的影像学诊断

目的 总结分析少见乳腺炎的B超、钼靶及磁共振的影像学特点,结合病理结果及文献复习探讨这三种影像学检查的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析第三军医大学第三附属医院2000年1月至2009年6月所有经病理检查确诊并行影像学检查的24例少见乳腺炎,包括一般资料、影像学检查特点、病理结果、诊断符合率.结果 24例中乳腺导管扩张并慢性炎14例,肉芽肿性小叶炎3例,慢性化脓性炎6例,乳腺结核1例;行B超检查13例,诊断符合率为77%,行钼靶检查12例,诊断符合率25%,行MRI检查3例,诊断符合率100%.结论 少见乳腺炎大多在影像学上无特异性表现,但仍有其异于其他乳腺肿块的特点,MRI检查较B超及钼靶检查更准确,联合多种检查手段可以提高诊断符合率.     

高频彩超和数字化钼靶摄片联合MRI在乳腺癌早期诊断中的价值

乳腺癌是危害妇女身心健康最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来流行病学资料显示其发病率呈不断上升的趋势[1].目前乳腺彩超、乳腺X线钼靶摄片仍然是乳腺癌诊断及普查广泛采用的检查方法,但对于＜2 cm的早期乳腺癌诊断比较困难,具有较高的漏诊率.近年来,随着核磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术的不断发展,MRI特别是增强MRI已成为最有前途的乳腺癌诊断手段,甚至能够检出彩超、钼靶摄片及临床体征阴性的隐匿性早期乳腺癌.为了探讨高频彩超、数字化钼靶摄片联合乳腺MRI在乳腺癌早期诊断中的价值,对224例早期乳腺癌患者的影像资料进行回顾性分析和总结,报道如下.     

高频B超与钼靶X线及不同生物学指标检测对诊断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移准确性探讨

目的:探讨高频B超、钼靶X线摄影联合检测LOX、Ki-67、RSK4蛋白表达水平对诊断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移准确性。方法:对2014年9月—2017年9月收治的80例经手术治疗、病理证实的乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合血液样本进行生化检测,统计检测方法的准确性、敏感性及不同蛋白表达的相关性。结果:高频B超、钼靶X线摄影联合使用对诊断的准确性较两者单独使用明显提高。LOX、Ki-67、RSK4蛋白表达水平与乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。高频B超与钼靶X线摄影联合检查以及LOX、Ki-67、RSK4蛋白水平检测与病理检测结果吻合度均较高(均к0.4,P0.05)。结论:高频B超与钼靶X线摄影联合使用能提高诊断乳腺癌淋巴结转移的准确性,LOX、Ki-67、RSK4蛋白的表达可作为诊断腋窝淋巴结转移的参考指标。     

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目的　研究在乳腺肿瘤增殖过程中端粒酶活性与细胞周期素D1(CyclinD1)表达的相互关系。 方法　10 0例乳腺癌和 5 6例良性乳腺肿瘤 ,采用TRAP银染法检测端粒酶活性 ,以流式细胞术检测CyclinD1水平。 结果　正常乳腺组织中无端粒酶活性表达 ,CyclinD1水平仅为 (1 5 8± 0 4 5 ) ,恶性肿瘤组织中有较高活性的端粒酶表达和较高水平的CyclinD1表达。端粒酶活性随乳腺癌恶性程度的增加而逐渐增高 ,同时CyclinD1水平也随之而逐渐增高。无论是良性乳腺肿瘤还是恶性乳腺肿瘤 ,端粒酶表达阳性组的CyclinD1水平皆显著高于端粒酶表达阴性组。结论　乳腺肿瘤端粒酶的活性与CyclinD1水平相关 ,乳腺肿瘤端粒酶的激活可能与CyclinD1高表达相关。     

乳腺动态增强核磁共振检查的临床应用价值

目的　研究乳腺动态增强MRI在临床的应用价值。方法　5 6例患者接受了乳腺动态增强MRI检查。其中37例、4 5个实性病灶经病理证实。结合手术、病理回顾性分析乳腺MRI的临床价值。结果　除1例为双乳多发囊性肿块外,其余4 5个实性肿块中,良性17个,恶性2 8个。MRI显示了所有肿块,包括2例多发乳腺癌隐性癌灶、1例乳腺癌保乳术后残留、2例导管内癌,其中肿块最小直径为4mm。MRI对病灶的显示率为10 0 % ,诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别是92 %、92 %、90 %。结论　乳腺动态增强MRI,对发现肿瘤病灶具有非常高的敏感性,并且能较为准确的进行定性诊断。     

三阴性乳腺癌的MRI研究进展

目的三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)具有特殊的生物学行为及临床病理学特征,临床缺乏有效治疗方法,预后较差。目前MRI是诊断乳腺癌的最准确的影像学方法。MRI有助于诊断TNBC、制订治疗方案与预后评估,并能加深对其生物学行为的理解。TNBC的MRI特征包括较大的单发病灶,边缘光滑,T2WI呈高信号,增强后环形强化;而动态对比增强MRI(DCE-MRI)、DWI及MRS对于TNBC的临床应用价值有待更深入研究。     

磁共振成像对隆乳材料鉴别及并发症处理的指导意义

目的:分析隆乳材料及术后并发症的MRI表现特点,评估磁共振检查的临床价值。材料和方法:搜集53例经过MRI检查的隆乳术后患者,针对不同的隆乳材料制定合适的扫描序列,分析植入或注射不同类型假体的MRI表现。结果:四种隆胸材料(聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶、硅凝胶、自体脂肪移植、透明质酸)的位置、信号、边界在磁共振图像上有特征性表现,通过扫描序列组合及增强扫描可以准确判断隆胸材料的性质及并发症情况,动态增强扫描还可以发现腺体病变。结论:MRI是鉴别乳腺假体类型及指导术后并发症处理的较好方法。     

多模态乳腺肿瘤图像特征提取与分级诊断的研究进展

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。影像学检查是诊断乳腺肿瘤的重要方法,其主要包括超声、钼靶、核磁共振成像（MRI）检查等。单一医学影像技术存在诸多的局限性,使用多种影像学技术联合诊断能提高分级诊断效率。临床亟需一个高度智能的乳腺肿瘤诊断系统,有望帮助临床医生提高整体诊断效率,降低漏诊误诊率。而图像特征提取是乳腺肿瘤诊断系统研制中的第一步,也是最关键的一步。本文回顾了超声、钼靶和MRI之间联合使用对乳腺癌进行分级诊断的研究方法,就多模态乳腺肿瘤图像特征提取与分级诊断的研究进展进行综述。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of suspicious breast masses seen on one mammographic view

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying lesions unidentified on the craniocaudal projection. The authors reviewed five patients with suspicious mammographic lesions not imaged on the craniocaudal mammogram who were referred for contrast-enhanced MRI and underwent subsequent preoperative needle localization in four of the five cases. Five patients, ages 56 to 69 years, had suspicious lesions identified on mediolateral oblique (MLO) or mediolateral (ML) projections only. Ultrasound did not identify the lesion in any of these cases. MRI identified suspicious breast lesions measuring 5 to 12 mm in size. These were located high on the chest wall or in the upper inner quadrant. Suspicious lesions seen only on the MLO or ML projections may reside high on the chest wall or in the upper inner quadrant. Lesions in these locations may be typically excluded on the craniocaudal projection during mammography. Breast MRI has the advantage of imaging the entire breast and is particularly useful for these lesions. In this series, MRI prevented delay in breast cancer diagnosis.     

多模态影像学术前评估浸润性乳腺癌组织学分级

目的观察多模态影像学术前评估浸润性乳腺癌组织学分级的价值。方法回顾性分析69例术前接受乳腺X射线摄影、超声及MR检查,并经病理证实的单发浸润性乳腺癌女性患者,对比不同组织学分级病灶的影像学表现及相关影像学参数;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估影像学参数对乳腺癌组织学分级的诊断效能。结果 69例浸润性乳腺癌中,组织学分级为Ⅰ级4例、Ⅱ级28例、Ⅲ级37例,均表现为肿块样强化。Ⅰ+Ⅱ级与Ⅲ级浸润性乳腺癌之间,可疑微小钙化及毛刺征、腋窝淋巴结转移及表观弥散系数(ADC)、平均弥散率(MD)、平均峰度(MK)值差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05),其余影像学表现差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。MK、MD及ADC预测浸润性乳腺癌组织学分级的AUC分别为0.93、0.88及0.80(P均0.05)。结论多模态影像学技术可用于术前评估浸润性乳腺癌的组织学分级。     

Interpreting contrast imaging to plan breast surgery

Background

Contrast enhanced mammography (CEM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more accurate than conventional imaging (CI) for breast cancer staging. How adding CEM and MRI to CI might change the surgical plan is understudied.

Methods

Surgical plans (breast conserving surgery (BCS), wider BCS, BCS with diagnostic excision (>1BCS), mastectomy) were devised by mock-MDT (radiologist, surgeon and pathology reports) according to disease extent on CI, CI + CEM and CI + MRI. Differences in the mock-MDT's surgical plans following the addition of CEM or MRI were investigated. Using pre-defined criteria, the appropriateness of the modified plans was assessed by comparing estimated disease extent on imaging with final pathology. Surgery performed was recorded from patient records.

Results

Contrast imaging modified mock-MDT plans for 20 of 61(32.8%) breasts. The addition of CEM changed the plan in 16/20 (80%) and MRI in 17/20 breasts (85%). Identical changes were proposed by both CEM and MRI in 13/20 (65%) breasts. The modified surgical plan based on CI + CEM was possibly appropriate for 6/16 (37.5%), and CI + MRI in 9/17, (52.9%) breasts. The surgery performed was concordant with the mock-MDT plan for all 10 patients where the plans could be compared (BCS 1, >1 BCS 2 and mastectomy 7).

Conclusion

Adding CEM or MRI to CI changed mock-MDT plans in up to one third of women, but not all were appropriate. Changing surgical plans following addition of contrast imaging to CI without biopsy confirmation could lead to over or under-treatment.     

Radial scars of the breast: contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography appearance

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the appearance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance mammography (CE-MRM) in patients with suspected radial scar on mammography. Thirty women with radial opacities or black star findings at mammography, preoperatively underwent CE-MRM. Examinations were performed with a 1.5 T magnet with a bilateral surface coil using a FS T2-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) and three-dimensional (3D) dynamic T1-weighted fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequences. Criteria for lesion evaluation included morphologic patterns and signal intensity curves. Mammography and CE-MRM findings were compared with pathologic findings. CE-MRM suggested the presence of radial scar in 18 of 30 cases and the presence of malignancy in 11 of 30 cases; 1 lesion was classified as borderline. At surgery 22 radial scars (including 4 with associated ductal carcinoma in situ) and 8 carcinomas were detected. CE-MRM provided a specificity of 89%, sensitivity of 83%, and accuracy of 87%. Differently from breast cancer, radial scars are nonenhancing at CE-MRM. Nevertheless, the possibility of nonenhancing carcinomatous foci existing within radial scars implies that surgical excision should be performed in all cases.     

磁共振胆胰管成像在胆胰系统疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价磁共振胰胆管成像（MRCP）在胆胰系疾病中的诊断价值。方法 对22例胆胰系疾病患者进行MRCP检查,所有患者均经手术和病理证实。结果 MRCP在胆胰系疾病中诊断准确率高,各类疾病均有较特征性表现。结论 MRCP因图像质量高,不用造影剂,无相关并发症,无痛苦,在胆胰系疾病诊断中应用越来越广泛。     

Diagnostic and interventional imaging techniques in breast cancer

Imaging plays a critical role in the diagnosis and management of breast cancer. Two-view mammography and ultrasound form the mainstay of breast imaging and are essential components of the triple assessment. Digital mammography is rapidly replacing analogue mammography, and recent advances such as digital tomosynthesis add a third dimension to conventional 2D mammographic images. The versatility of ultrasound allows assessment of the breast and axilla as well as accurately targeted interventions, from the simple diagnostic core biopsy to preoperative tumour localization. It also guides large volume biopsies and excision of certain benign lesions, which in some cases can obviate surgical excision. Newer ultrasound techniques being applied to the breast and axilla include elastography and the use of intradermal microbubbles to guide the radiologist to the sentinel axillary node. Breast MRI is a powerful modality in assessing breast cancer. It can provide accurate information on size and multifocality of lesions, particularly those that are mammographically challenging such as lobular cancers, and it is also used to assess response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and guide surgical management. CT scans, and in selected cases Positron Emission Tomography, play important roles in the assessment of metastatic disease.     

MRI早期诊断脊椎转移癌

目的 评价ＭＲＩ对脊椎转移癌早期诊断的价值。方法 回顾分析１３例脊椎转移癌的ＭＲＩ资料,并与其他影像资料比较。结果 全部患者ＭＲＩ均有明显异常;Ｘ线平片仅６例显示明显骨破坏;４例同时行ＣＴ检查者仅１例明确诊断为转移癌;４例同时行核素骨扫描检查,在两者能同时显示的兴柱区域,骨扫描异常区ＭＲＩ信号均有改变,另２例患者共５个椎体ＭＲＩ信号有局灶改变而骨扫描无异常。结论 ＭＲＩ是诊断脊椎转移癌的一种敏感的