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1.
缺血后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的探讨缺血后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法24只Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组(n=8):正常对照组(C组)、缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、缺血后处理组(IPC组)。采用大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌流模型,C组用K-H液灌注160min;I/R组全心缺血40 min,再灌注120 min; IPC组全心缺血40 min后,再灌注10 s,缺血10 s,反复6次,然后持续再灌注118 min。测定再灌注15、30、120 min时冠脉流量(CF)及冠脉流出液心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度,再灌注120 min时,取心肌组织,测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构。结果缺血再灌注可导致CF降低,冠脉流出液cTnI浓度升高,心肌SOD活性下降,MDA含量升高,心肌细胞超微结构产生病理学改变,缺血后处理可减弱上述改变。结论缺血后处理减轻脂质过氧化反应,对大鼠离体缺血再灌注心脏产生保护作用。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨吗啡预处理-后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠,体重180~200 g,应用Langendorff体外灌流装置,采用全心停灌45 min、再灌注60 min的方法制备大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.取模型制备成功的心脏40个,随机分为5组(n=8):缺血再灌注组(IR组)、吗啡预处理组(M1组)、吗啡后处理组(M2组)、吗啡预处理-后处理组(M1+M2组)、5-羟葵酸(5-HD)混合吗啡后处理组(5-HD+M2组).M1组全心停灌前30 min灌注含3.0 μmol/L吗啡的K-H液20 min,随后灌注K-H液10 min.M2组再灌注即刻灌注含3.0 μmol/L吗啡的K-H液10 min,随后灌注正常K-H液50 min.5-HD+M1组再灌注即刻灌注含3.0 μmol/L吗啡+10-4nunol/L 5-HD的K-H液10 min,随后灌注正常K-H液50 min.于再灌注60 min时,测定心肌肌酸激酶(CK-MB)活性,计算心肌梗死区与缺血危险区的比值(IS/AAR).结果 与IR组相比,其余各组IS/AAR减少,CK-MB活性降低(P<0.05);与M2组比较,5-HD+M2组CK-MB活性及IS/AAR升高(P<0.05);M1组、M2组和M1+M2组上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 吗啡预处理.后处理虽然可减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血冉灌注损伤,但是与单独应用时效果相似,其原因可能是两者单独应用减轻心脏缺血再灌注损伤的机制均与开放线粒体ATP敏感性钾通道有关.  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨丙酮酸乙酯预先给药对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠24只,体重250~320 g,3月龄,制备Langendorff主动脉逆行灌注模型.随机分为3组(n=8),对照组(C组):改良的K-H缓冲液持续灌流120 min;缺血再灌注组(IR组)改良的K-H缓冲液平衡灌注30 min后,全心停灌30 min,再灌注60 min;丙酮酸乙酯组(EP组)改良的K-H缓冲液平衡灌注15 min后,再用含2 mmol/L丙酮酸乙酯的改良K-H缓冲液平衡灌注15 min,全心停灌30 min,最后用含2 mmol/L丙酮酸乙酯的改良K-H缓冲液再灌注60 min.记录各组平衡灌注15 min(基础值)、再灌注10、30、60 min的左室收缩峰压(LVSP)、左心室内压上升/下降最大速率(±dp/dtmax )、冠脉流量(CF),再灌注60 min时测定心肌ATP含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及冠状动脉流出液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、肌酸激酶(CK)的活性.结果 与C组比较,IR组CF、LVSP、±dp/dtmax、SOD活性、ATP含量降低,MDA含量、CK活性、LDH活性升高(P<0.05),EP组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与IR组比较,EP组CF、LVSP、±dp/dtmax、SOD活性、ATP含量升高,MDA含量、CK活性、LDH活性降低(P<0.05).结论 丙酮酸乙酯2 mmol/L预先给药通过提高心肌ATP含量,降低氧化应激反应,可减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨PI3K/AKT信号传导通路在异丙酚减轻离体大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法 成年SD大鼠32只,随机分为4组:缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、异丙酚组(P组)、渥曼青霉素组(W组)和异丙酚+渥曼青霉素组(PW组),每组8只。建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注压10kPa,灌注速率7.10ml/min,I/R组用K-H液灌注,P组用含50μmol/L异丙酚的K-H液灌注,W组用含100nmol/L渥曼青霉素的K-H液灌注;PW组用含50μmol/L异丙酚+100nmol/L渥曼青霉素的K-H液灌注,灌注15min,全心缺血30min,再灌注60min。测定再灌注10、40min时冠脉流出液中心肌肌钙蛋白(cTnI)浓度,再灌注60min时测定心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,电镜下观察心肌细胞超微结构。结果 与I/R组比较,P组再灌注期间cTnI浓度明显降低,心肌组织SOD活性升高,MDA含量降低(P〈0.05),其余2组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);与缺血前比较,P组再灌注40min时cTnI浓度升高,其余各组再灌注期间cTnI浓度均升高(P〈0.05或0.01)。P组电镜下心肌超微结构改变减轻。结论 异丙酚减轻离体大鼠心脏缺血再灌注损伤可能通过PI3K/AKT信号传导通路介导。  相似文献   

5.
吗啡后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响   总被引:10,自引:10,他引:0  
目的 评价吗啡后处理对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠,体重180~200 g,应用Langendorff灌流装置,采用全心停灌45 min、再灌注60 min的方法制备大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注模型.实验一:取模型制备成功的心脏32个,随机分为4组(n=8):Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组不予处理,Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组于再灌注即刻分别灌注含0.3、3.0和30 μmol/L吗啡的K-H液10 min,随后灌注正常K-H液50 min;实验二:根据实验一的结果,选择对离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤影响最强的吗啡浓度,另取模型制备成功的心脏32个,随机分为4组(n=8):Ⅰ组~Ⅳ组,Ⅰ组不予处理,Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组于再灌注即刻分别灌注含吗啡的K-H液5、10和20 min,随后灌注正常K-H液50 min;实验三:根据实验二的结果,选取对离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤影响最强的吗啡后处理方法.另取模型制备成功的心脏37个,随机分为5组:Ⅰ组(n=8)不予处理;Ⅱ组(n=8)、Ⅲ组~Ⅴ组(n=7)于再灌注即刻分别灌注含吗啡、10 μmol/L非选择性阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮和吗啡、5 μmol/L选择性κ受体阻断剂nor-binahorphimine和吗啡、5 μmol/L选择性δ受体阻断剂naltrindole和吗啡的K-H液,各组均再灌注正常K-H液50 min.于再灌注60 min时测定心肌肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)活性,计算心肌缺血危险区/梗塞区(IS/AAR).结果 根据实验一、二的结果于再灌注即刻灌注含3.0 μmol/L吗啡的K-H液10 min行后处理.实验三的结果:与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅴ组心肌IS/AAR和CK-MB活性降低,Ⅳ组心肌CK-MB活性降低(P<0.05或0.01),Ⅲ组以上指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组心肌IS/AAR和CK-MB活性升高(P<0.01),Ⅴ组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 吗啡后处理可减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤,此作用可能与激活心肌κ受体有关.  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨细胞穿透肽PEP-1介导血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 雄性SD大鼠,体重220~280g,制备Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,选取模型制备成功的离体心脏18个,随机分为3组(n=6):假手术组(S组)、缺血再灌注组(IR组)和PEP-1/HO-1处理+缺血再灌注组(HO-1组).IR组K-H液平衡灌注30 min后,采用停灌40 min再灌注50 min的方法制备缺血再灌注模型.HO-1组在停灌前用含50 μmol/L融合蛋白PEP-1/HO-1的K-H液平衡灌注15 min,S组采用K-H液持续灌注120 min.再灌注50 min时,收集冠脉流出液,测定肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性;取心肌组织,采用Western blot法测定HO-1蛋白表达水平,采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定MDA含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定SOD活性.结果 HO-1组心肌组织HO-1蛋白表达水平较IR组升高(P<0.01).与S组比较,IR组和HO-1组冠脉流出液CK和LDH活性及心肌组织MDA含量升高,心肌组织SOD活性降低(P<0.01);与IR组比较,HO-1组冠脉流出液CK和LDH活性及心肌组织MDA含量降低,心肌组织SOD活性升高(P<0.01).结论细胞穿透肽PEP-1可将HO-1蛋白成功导入心肌组织,并减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨缺血后处理(IPo)的心肌保护作用及与心肌线粒体三磷酸腺苷(ATP)敏感性钾通道(mitoKATP)的关系,为药物后处理的研发提供依据。方法40只Wistar大鼠,建立大鼠离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型,采用随机数字表法分为5组,每组8只,正常对照组(NC组):用K-H液持续灌注100min,不做任何处理;缺血-再灌注(I/R)组:全心缺血40min,再灌注60min;IPo组:全心缺血40min,再灌注10s,缺血10s,反复6次,然后持续再灌注58min;5-羟基癸酸(5-HD)组:全心缺血40min后,先用含5-HD(100μmol/L)的K-H液再灌注15min,再用不含5-HD的K-H液再灌注45min;IPo+5-HD组:全心缺血40min后,先用含5-HD(100μmol/L)的K-H液再灌注10s,缺血10s,反复6次,再用含5-HD的K-H液持续灌注13min,然后用不含5-HD的K-H液再灌注45min。观察比较各组心功能、冠状动脉流量(CF)、冠状动脉流出液中心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)含量、心肌梗死(AMI)面积和心肌细胞超微结构改变。结果再灌注末IPo组左心室发展压(74.3±3.3mmHgvs.57.1±3.3mmHg,t=13.00,P=0.000)、+dp/dtmax(1706.6±135.6mmHg/svs.1313.3±96.2mmHg/s,t=6.28,P=0.000)、-dp/dtmax(1132.8±112.1mmHg/svs.575.7±67.7mmHg/s,t=13.48,P=0.000)、CF(6.49±0.30ml/minvs.3.70±0.24ml/min,t=28.60,P=0.000)与I/R组比较均升高;左心室舒张期末内压(10.9±1.7mmHgvs.26.2±1.5mmHg,t=-19.21,P=0.000),冠状动脉流出液中cTnI含量(0.62±0.01ng/mlvs.0.71±0.01ng/ml,t=-12.00,P=0.000)均降低,AMI面积与I/R组比较减少20.8%(P〈0.05)。IPo+5-HD组对心肌的保护作用与IPo组相似,但作用轻于IPo组。电子显微镜观察结果表明,IPo和IPo+5-HD可减轻I/R引起的心肌纤维和线粒体损伤。结论IPo对I/R心肌有保护作用,其作用与mitoKATP的激活有关。  相似文献   

8.
单纯缺血预处理对兔未成熟心脏不足以提供保护作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨单纯缺血预处理(IPC)对兔未成熟心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法利用Langendorff模型灌注幼兔(14-21d)离体心脏,5min缺血、10min再灌的IPC处理后,观察其在生理体温(39℃)下接受30min缺血、40min复灌的血液动力学、冠脉流出液心肌酶及心肌能量的变化.结果复灌后IPC组与对照组在心率(HR)、冠脉流出量(CF)、左室发展压(LVDP)、左室最大上升和下降速率(±dp/dt)恢复率及室性心律失常发生率无明显差别,肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)漏出量有增多趋势.而IPC组在全心停灌后心脏缺血跳动时间明显延长(P<0.01),再灌注末心肌ATP含量显著减少(P<0.001).结论单纯缺血预处理不能保护未成熟心脏免受心肌缺血再灌注损伤,反而可导致心肌细胞的损伤;其原因可能与全心缺血后,心脏不能很快停跳而导致能量消耗过多有关.  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨性别因素对七氟醚后处理减轻大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 SD大鼠60只,雄雌各半,2月龄,雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(MC组)和七氟醚后处理组(MS组),雌性大鼠随机分为对照组(FC组)和七氟醚后处理组(FS组),每组15只.建立大鼠离体心脏灌注模型,采用全心缺血40 min,再灌注2 h的方法制备缺血再灌注模型.对照组心脏再灌注时给予含氧K-H缓冲液,七氟醚后处理组在复灌的前10min灌注经3%七氟醚饱和的含氧K-H缓冲液,余110 min灌注含氧K-H缓冲液.于缺血前、再灌注期间记录HR、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)和左心室发展压(LVDP),再灌注5 min时测定冠状动脉流出液LDH活性和心肌梗死面积,再灌注10 min时测定心肌总蛋白激酶B(t-Akt)、磷酸化蛋白激酶B(p-Akt)的表达,计算p-Akt与t-Akt比值(p-Akt/t-Akt).结果 与MC组比较,MS组和FC组LVDP升高,LVEDP降低,冠状动脉流出液LDH活性降低,心肌梗死面积减小,心肌p-Akt表达上调,p-Akt/t-Akt升高(P<0.05);与MS组比较,FS组LVDP降低,LVEDP和冠状动脉流出液LDH活性升高,心肌梗死面积增大(P<0.05);FC组和FS组LVDP和LVEDP比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 七氟醚后处理减轻大鼠离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤存在性别差异,对雄性大鼠的心肌保护作用强于雌性大鼠,该差异可能与心肌Akt的活化水平有关.  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨小剂量异丙酚联合缺血后处理对豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 24只白色雄性豚鼠,随机分为4组(n=6):缺血再灌注组(I/R组)、异丙酚组(P组)、缺血后处理组(IPC组)和异丙酚+缺血后处理组(P+IPC组).I/R组结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min,再灌注90 min;P组自再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1;IPC组心肌缺血30 min,再灌注15 s,缺血15 s,反复4次,持续再灌注88 min;P+IPC组自再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1,余同IPC组.记录缺血前和再灌注90 min时左室收缩压(LVSP)、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)和左室压力变化速率(±dp/dtmax),计算左室发展压(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP);再灌注90 min时取动脉血,测定血清肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,取血后处死豚鼠,取心肌组织,测定心肌组织丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性.结果 与I/R组比较,P+IPC组再灌注90 min时LVDP和±dp/dtmax升高,LVEDP降低,血清CK、LDH活性及心肌组织MDA含量减少,心肌组织SOD活性增加(P<0.05),P组和IPC组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 再灌注前5 min至再灌注15 min静脉输注异丙酚4 mg·kg-1·h-1联合缺血后处理可通过抑制脂质过氧化反应,减轻豚鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤.  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Don Dame 《Artificial organs》1996,20(5):613-617
Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

14.
Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H2O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.15 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg−1 followed by 0.3 mg · kg−1 · h−1, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.  相似文献   

15.
Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.  相似文献   

16.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

17.
Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract Immunoadsorption (1A) therapy with tryptophan (TR-350) or phenylalanine (PH-350) adsorbents has been used to reduce the concentration of serum antibodies in human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-immunized patients. Other forms of plasma purification have been reported to reduce the level of fibrinogen, which affects the blood properties. In this study we investigated the effects of IA therapy using both adsorbents on plasma fibrinogen and immunoglobulins G and M in 13 patients (8 patients were treated with TR-350, and 5 patients were treated with PH-350). During each session 1 plasma volume (2.8 ± 0.4 L of plasma) was processed through the immunocolumn and then returned to the patient together with the blood cells. Compared with the pretreatment values, the plasma fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM concentrations were significantly reduced after IA therapy (p < 0.01 for TR-350; p < 0.04 for PH-350). There was a positive correlation between the degree of reduction of plasma proteins and the number of IA treatments given. A nonpara-metric test (Wilcoxon's signed-rank test or the Mann-Whitney test) was used for statistical analysis. We conclude from our study that IA therapy effectively lowers the plasma levels of fibrinogen, IgG, and IgM and thus can be considered a valuable alternative to other blood purification methods.  相似文献   

19.
Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg?1 · min?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min?1 · m?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO2I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m2 · m2; VO2I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m2 · m2), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.  相似文献   

20.
Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg?1. The mean ED50s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg?1, 3.9 μg · kg?1 and 0.4 mg · kg?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg?1 and 8 μg · kg?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.  相似文献   

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