64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉病变的临床应用

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉病变的价值。方法:选择2011年6月～2012年6月在我院住院的23例冠心病患者进行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像术,并同传统的选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查结果进行比较。结果:同时行MSCT和CAG检查23例共105支血管,MSCT发现37支冠状动脉狭窄,CAG检查发现35支冠状动脉狭窄,MSCT与CAG结果相符病变血管32支,敏感性为91.4%,特异性为93.7%,阳性预测值为86.4%,阴性预测值为95.6%。结论:多层螺旋CT技术多排螺旋CT可作为冠状动脉狭窄的一种可靠的无创筛选检查方法,对冠状动脉病变的诊断有着重要的临床引用价值。     

64层CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性:与常规血管造影比较

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉明显狭窄诊断准确性和可行性。方法218例冠心病疑似患者在一周内进行了64层CT冠状动脉造影及常规血管造影,对冠状动脉的主干及主要分支进行诊断,以冠状动脉造影结果为金标准评价64层CT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性。结果多层螺旋CT所显示的2592支冠状动脉中冠状动脉狭窄173处,正确诊断166处,漏诊7处,误诊28处,敏感性95.9%,特异性98.6%,阳性预测值90.2%,阴性预测值99.7%,准确率98.4%。结论64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断有较高的准确性,可作为高危人群普查筛选的首选方法之一。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的诊断价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对壁冠状动脉-心肌桥的诊断价值。方法收集2006年12月至2007年5月462例在我院行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像患者的影像资料，分析确诊的壁冠状动脉的影像表现。结果462例受检者中有63例存在73段壁冠状动脉，发生率为13．6％（63／462）。以左前降支中段最多（60．3%，44／73），其次为钝缘支（15．1％，11／73），第一对角支（13．7%，10／73），中间支（2．7％，2／73），第二对角支（2．7％，2／73），左前降支近段、远段、回旋支远段、右冠状动脉中段各1段（1．4%）；心肌桥的平均长度为17．6mm，平均深度为2．7mm。CT表现为冠状动脉在心肌内行走一段距离后又浅露于心肌表面，即“上下台阶”征。结论64层螺旋CT血管造影能准确显示壁冠状动脉与心肌的解剖关系，是确诊壁冠状动脉的首选方法之一。     

64排CT对冠状动脉旁路移植术后桥血管病变的诊断研究

目的 评价64排螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)术后桥血管病变诊断的准确性.方法 2005年7月至2007年4月,共228例患者于CABG术后复查64-MSCTA,其中31例患者(82支桥血管)因有心绞痛或CT结果提示桥血管损害,进一步行冠状动脉造影(CAG).结果 所有桥血管均获得评价.64-MSCTA共发现13支桥血管闭塞,均得到CAG证实.CAG发现15支桥血管严重狭窄,64-MSCTA发现14处,漏诊1处,误诊1处.64-MSCTA诊断冠状动脉桥狭窄的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和与CAG符合率分别为93.3%、98.1%、93.3%、98.1%和97.1%;诊断桥血管病变的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和与CAG符合率分别为96.4%、98.1%、96.4%、98.1%和97.6%.结论 64-MSCTA可以准确评价术后桥血管通畅情况.     

高危患者主动脉内球囊反搏辅助下不停跳冠脉搭桥体会

目的探讨严重冠状动脉三支血管病变（狭窄〉75％）的高危患者在主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）辅助下行非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术的安全性。方法回顾2002年1月至2007年12月间27例高危冠心病患者，在IABP支持下行非体外循环下冠脉搭桥术临床资料。结果本组患者冠状动脉造影均提示严重三支血管病变，15例合并左主干病变（狭窄〉75％），均属高危（EuroSeore〉6分），无术中死亡、术后死亡1例，搭桥2～7支、平均（3．2±1．1）支。结论对于冠脉严重三支血管病变高危病例，在预先置入IABP的辅助下可以安全地施行非体外循环下的冠脉搭桥术。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断心肌桥和壁冠状动脉

目的探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断心肌桥和壁冠状动脉中的应用价值。方法对在我院接受64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查的6123名连续受检者（包括心脏病患者和部分健康体检人群）的影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像发现心肌桥-壁冠状动脉979例（15.99%）,共1030处,其中发生于左前降支的心肌桥-壁冠状动脉为617处,占59.91%（617/1030）,为最常见发生部位。结论64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像是一种能够无创、准确诊断心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的重要手段。     

经胸超声心动图与64排CT心血管造影评价法洛四联症肺动脉狭窄的价值比较

目的探讨经胸超声心动图与64排CT心血管成像对评价法洛四联症肺动脉狭窄的应用价值,64排CT是否优于常规超声心动图。方法 27例法洛四联症患者术前均经过经胸超声心动图与64排CT心血管成像检查,同时观察肺动脉狭窄情况,再与术中病理进行比较。结果经胸超声心动图诊断肺动脉狭窄、右室流出道狭窄、肺动脉瓣狭窄符合率均高于64排CT心血管造影（χ2值分别为15.06、6.13和5.14）,P值均〈0.05,有统计学意义,而对于肺动脉及其分支的发育情况（χ2值为0.50）,P〉0.05,无统计学意义。结论经胸超声心动图检查对法洛四联症肺动脉狭窄特别是右室流出道狭窄和肺动脉瓣狭窄的评估优于64排CT。     

64层与320层CT对比观察冠状动脉支架

目的对比64层与320层螺旋CT显示冠状动脉及诊断冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄的价值。方法回顾性分析62例冠脉支架植入术后患者的64层（64层CT组,20例共38枚支架）和320层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像（320层CT组,42例共64枚支架）资料,对比两组图像质量、患者心率、有效辐射剂量（ED）,并以CAG为＂金标准＂评价64层及320层螺旋CT对冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄的诊断能力。结果两组间图像质量评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;患者心率、ED差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）。64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉支架植入术后再狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为100%（5/5）、92.31%（24/26）、71.43%（5/7）、100%（24/24）及93.55%（29/31）;320层螺旋CT分别为100%（11/11）、95.65%（44/46）、84.62%（11/13）、100%（44/44）及96.49%（55/57）,差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论 64层及320层螺旋CT均可应用于冠状动脉支架植入术后随访,320层螺旋CT对患者心率的要求更低,患者接受的辐射剂量更少。     

左主干病变冠心病的非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的探讨左主干病变冠心病非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术（off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,OPCAB）的可行性和优越性。方法回顾性分析2000年1月-2008年6月392例左主干病变冠心病的冠状动脉旁路移植术临床资料。其中OPCAB组279例（71.2%）,CCABG（体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术）组113例。比较2组术后早期死亡率及并发症的发生情况。结果OPCAB组搭桥（4.17±0.86）支/人,CCABG组搭桥（4.24±0.94）支/人（t=-0.710,P=0.478）。2组新发心房纤颤[31例（11.1%）vs 8例（7.1%）,χ^2=1.459,P=0.227]、围术期心肌梗死[7例（2.5%）vs 3例（2.7%）,χ^2=0.000,P=1.000]、肾功能不全[9例（3.2%）vs 4例（3.5%）,χ^2=0.000,P=1.000]、肺部并发症[15例（5.4%）vs 6例（5.3%）,χ^2=0.000,P=1.000]差异无显著性。OPCAB组手术死亡[2例（0.7%）vs 5例（4.4%）,χ^2=4.368,P=0.037]、呼吸机使用时间[中位数20 h（8-48 h）vs 51 h（14-130 h）,Z=-2.823,P=0.005]、ICU停留时间[51h（38-141）h vs 92 h（42-352）h,Z=-2.618,P=0.009]、术后输血量[500 ml（200-1200）ml vs 800 ml（400-2100）ml,Z=-2.411,P=0.016]、二次开胸[5例（1.8%）vs 10例（8.8%）,χ^2=9.052,P=0.003]、神经系统并发症[3例（1.1%）vs 9例（8.0%）,χ^2=10.647,P=0.001]方面明显优于CCABG组。结论OPCAB在左主干病变冠心病患者中安全可行,临床效果好。     

不同对比剂注射流率下门静脉成像延迟时间的选择及成像质量的对比研究

门静脉病变以往多采用经动脉CT门静脉血管造影（computed tomography arterial portography，CTAP）进行门静脉造影，属有创检查。多排螺旋CT具有快速、薄层大范围容积采集的优势，门静脉成像能显示4～6级分支血管的走行、形状及分布，直观地评价其位置、轮廓以及管腔、管壁的改变，具有无创、快速、经济及三维多角度观察的优点。本研究使用64排螺旋CT行门静脉造影，探讨不同对比剂注射流率下门静脉最佳成像延迟时间的选择，并分析比较不同对比剂注射流率对门静脉成像质量的影响。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在心瓣膜置换术前的应用

目的探讨无创64排螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(CTA)在心瓣膜置换术前诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性、特异性。方法50岁以上的心脏瓣膜疾病患者152例,其中单纯二尖瓣病变78例,单纯主动脉瓣病变49例,联合瓣膜病变25例,合并心房颤动93例。所有患者均行CTA和有创冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,根据两者的检查结果计算CTA诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性、特异性。结果直径>1mm的冠状动脉、窦性心律、心率≤70次/分患者的CTA显像清晰,诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性均为100%;合并心房颤动或心率控制不佳患者的CTA显像诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性明显降低,且因冠状动脉病变的部位不同,其诊断的敏感性和特异性亦不相同,对左主干、左前降支、对角支病变诊断的敏感性和特异性分别为87%、89%,右冠状动脉、后降支为80%、76%,回旋支、钝缘支为67%、71%。对直径≤1mm的冠状动脉,CTA尚难成像。结论CTA作为无创、快速和价廉的检查方法,在心脏瓣膜置换术前对冠状动脉病变有一定的诊断价值,但目前尚不能完全替代有创CAG检查。     

Real-time patency control with thermal coronary angiography in 1401 coronary artery bypass grafting patients

Objective: Intraoperative coronary angiography has always been favoured by cardiac surgeons. Thermal coronary angiography (TCA) is a useful method for intraoperative control of graft patency. It detects heat differences between tissues, provides easy-to-interpret angiographic images and even measures the flow of the grafts quantitatively. Methods: Between January 2000 and January 2002, TCA has been used in scheduled coronary bypass operations. Upon completion of each distal anastomosis, the perfusion of the distal arterial tree from the graft was evaluated with a thermal camera. Results: TCA was applied to 1401 patients, mean age 60.97±9.61 years, who underwent simple coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures. A total of 4105 thermal images were obtained including 2161 venous, 1355 single internal thoracic artery (ITA), 56 bilateral ITA and 477 radial artery grafts. Image quality was not sufficient in 34 grafts (1.57%) due to either deep intramyocardial vessels or excessive epicardial fat tissue. Technical failures in three ITA anastomoses were detected and revised before the cross-clamp was removed. Flow-restricting lesions distal to the anastomosis on the left anterior descending artery (LAD) in nine patients were managed with a secondary distal bypass graft (five patients) or plaque splitting and anastomotic revision (four patients). Endarterectomy was combined in seven patients since the graft flow and the distal visualization was not satisfactory, although the anastomoses were performed on a good lumen. Angiographically undetected diagonal arteries were revascularized in 11 patients with totally occluded LAD vessels. Conclusion: Thermal imaging provides decisive coronary angiographies, and detects the perfusion area and flow of the implanted graft. It allows real-time detection of technical failures, reveals unexpected occluding plaques or any kind of flow-restricting lesions, and gives the chance of refinement of the anastomosis during the arrest period. We believe that the thermal imaging technique is a safe, noninvasive and feasible method to document the quality of the myocardial revascularization intraoperatively.     

冠状动脉支架植入术后患者320排减影冠状动脉CT血管造影图像质量的影响因素

目的 观察冠状动脉支架植入术后患者320排减影冠状动脉CT血管造影（Sub-CCTA）图像质量的影响因素。方法 前瞻性纳入40例冠状动脉支架植入术后冠心病患者，获取320排冠状动脉血管造影（CCTA）及Sub-CCTA，评估图像质量；观察患者基本信息、心率、心脏解剖结构参数和支架情况与Sub-CCTA图像质量的相关性，分析其影响因素。结果 Sub-CCTA图像质量评分与患者性别（r=－0.326，P<0.01）、平均心率（r=－0.328，P<0.01）、心脏左横径（r=0.319，P<0.01）及支架位置（r=0.410，P<0.01）相关。将上述因素纳入logistic分析，结果显示平均心率、心脏左横径及支架位置为Sub-CCTA图像质量的影响因素；基于上述各项建立的模型评估Sub-CCTA图像质量的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为89.21%、63.34%、76.73%及81.00%。结论 冠状动脉支架植入术后患者平均心率、心脏左横径及支架位置为其Sub-CCTA图像质量的影响因素。     

Fewer centers will increase quality and safety in cardiothoracic transplantation

Objective—It is not clear whether the severity of coronary artery disease as assessed on angiography has an impact on the postoperative outcome after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).

Design—The angiographic status of 15 coronary arteries/segments of 2233 patients who underwent isolated on‐pump CABG was graded according to the following criteria: 1?=?no stenosis; 2?=?stenosis <50%; 3?=?stenosis of 50–69%; 4?=?stenosis of 70–89%; 5?=?stenosis of 90–99%; 6?=?vessel occlusion; and 7?=?vessel is not visualized.

Results—Thirty‐seven patients (1.7%) died during the in‐hospital stay and 108 (4.8%) developed postoperatively low cardiac output syndrome. Multivariate analysis showed that along with other risk factors the overall coronary angiographic score was predictive of postoperative death (p?=?0.03; OR: 1.027, 95% CI: 1.003–1.052) and of low cardiac output syndrome (p?=?0.04; OR: 1.172, 95% CI: 1.010–1.218). The status of the proximal segment of the left circumflex coronary artery, the diagonal arteries and the left obtuse marginal arteries was most closely associated with adverse postoperative outcome.

Conclusion—The angiographic status of coronary arteries has an impact on the immediate outcome after CABG.     

起搏器安置术与冠状动脉造影同时进行的意义及临床安全性探讨

目的：探讨起博器安置术与冠状动脉造影（CAG）同时的临床意义及安全性。方法回顾性分析2012年3月至2013年12月97例植入起搏器患者资料,以是否同时进行CAG分为造影组41例和非造影组56例,观察冠心病在缓慢性心律失常患者中的比例,以及起搏器囊袋出血情况。结果造影组造影检出冠心病25例占59.5%,高于临床诊断的20例（漏诊7例,误诊2例）,占47.6%;造影组发生囊袋出血4例（9.5%）,非造影组发生5例（8.9%）,两组囊袋出血发生率差异无统计学意义（α2=87.46,P＆gt;0.05）。结论起博器安置术与冠状动脉造影同时进行是安全的,且可发现严重的冠脉病变,为下一步治疗提供依据,同时减少住院时间及住院费用,具有一定的临床意义。     

冠状动脉瘤样扩张与弥漫性扩张的血管造影特征及心血管危险因素

目的比较冠状动脉瘤样扩张(CAA)与弥漫性扩张(CAE)血管造影特征及心血管危险因素的差异。方法回顾性分析16 778例冠状动脉造影图像。结果 211例存在冠状动脉扩张,包括132例CAA、79例CAE。CAA发病率、合并冠状动脉疾病发生率及其Gensini评分均明显高于CAE(P均0.05);CAA患者冠状动脉血管平均直径小于CAE (P0.05),心肌梗死溶栓(TIMI)血流分级均低于CAE(P均0.05)。血脂异常、吸烟及冠状动脉病家族史为CAA的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。结论 CAA与CAE在血管造影特征及心血管危险因素方面存在显著差异。     

Return to work after coronary artery bypass surgery. A 10-year follow-up study

Multislice Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography (CTCA) has emerged as a promising non-invasive modality for the detection of coronary artery stenosis. Image quality is still limited when compared to conventional coronary angiography. However, CTCA has been demonstrated to be highly reliable to rule out coronary artery stenosis. Technological improvements and the combination of CTCA with other non-invasive modalities are expected to further increase diagnostic accuracy. Although CTCA has clearly left the research environment, the precise role of CTCA in the diagnostic work-up of coronary artery disease needs further research.     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞

目的 探讨非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)的可行性,总结其临床经验. 方法 1999年8月～2007年10月我院共收治696例CTO患者,共853支冠状动脉完全闭塞(其中冠状动脉造影显示显示无逆显影127支、有逆显影726支),均行OPCAB(术前冠状动脉造影显示无逆显影的CTO患者中术中有26支有血流,而有逆显影的CTO患者中有63支无血流),共移植血管桥2 231支.其中施行内膜剥脱术(CE)后行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)136支,行心中静脉原位静脉动脉化28支.术中有15例因血流动力学不稳定改为体外循环下CABG,其中6例安放主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP). 结果术中无死亡患者;术后住院期间死亡6例,其中2例死于严重低心排血量,2例死于肾功能衰竭,1例死于围术期心肌梗死,1例死于脑血管意外.术后发生应激性溃疡1例,纵隔感染1例,均经对症治疗后痊愈.术后随访1个月～9年,随访686例(99.42%),失访4例;心绞痛缓解率99.85%(685/686),心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ～Ⅱ级. 结论 CTO患者应用OPCAB可以取得良好的治疗效果,手术死亡率及并发症明显降低.冠状动脉造影对评价冠状动脉完全闭塞有一定的局限性,冠状动脉血管内视镜技术和血管内超声心动图可以协助诊断.     

Severity of coronary artery disease and symptoms of erectile dysfunction in males with a positive exercise treadmill test

AIM: The objective of this study is to investigate the significance of erectile dysfunction in males with a positive exercise treadmill test (ETT) to predict the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHOD: With no previous marked CAD, and applying to our clinic with chest pain, 105 male patients (mean age: 56 +/- 8 years) underwent coronary angiography after the ETT. These patients met our criteria and were included in our study. All patients were requested to complete a brief, 5-item form by the International Index of Erectile Function, and the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), and were classified into four groups according to coronary angiography results as follows: normal coronary artery (NCA), single-vessel CAD (1 V), two-vessel CAD (2 V) and three-vessel CAD (3 V). The relation between SHIM scores and the number of arteries with significant lesions was evaluated. RESULTS: The median SHIM score was found to be significantly lower in both the 2 V, 15 (IQR: 12-20) and 3 V, 13 (IQR: 11-16) groups compared to the NCA, 22 (IQR: 17-23) and the 1 V, 22 (IQR: 17-23) groups (P < 0.05). Grouped as group I (NCA + 1 V) and group II (2 V + 3 V), the patients were recompared. The SHIM score is an independent parameter to define the presence of significant lesions in two or more coronary arteries (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97; P = 0.019). CONCLUSION: The fact that the SHIM score is <18 in ETT positive males may suggest that the probability of multivessel CAD should be high.     

Limited usefulness of non-invasive coronary angiography with 16-detector multislice computer tomography at a community hospital

Objectives. To evaluate the usefulness of coronary angiography by 16-detector multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) in community hospital outpatients. Design. MSCT was performed at the community hospital in 157 of 218 consecutive outpatients with suspected significant coronary disease, before referral for invasive coronary angiography. Results. 101 patients had interpretable MSCT angiograms (64 men, age 62±10 years, calcium score 373±678, heart rate 56±7 beats/min, beta-blocker used by 91%). Coronary stenoses >50% were identified by invasive angiography in 49 patients. Only 79% of all segments could be assessed by MSCT due to heavy coronary calcification (12%) and blurred images (9%) in the remaining. By interpreting non-assessable segments as negative results 79 patients were correctly classified by MSCT. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values at patient level was 82%, 75%, 75% and 81%. By interpreting non-assessable segments as positive findings, the corresponding values were 100%, 29%, 57% and 100%, with correct diagnoses in 63% of patients. Conclusions. Limited diagnostic accuracy, non-interpretable scans and radiation exposure restrict the usefulness of coronary MSCT in a community hospital setting.