膝关节镜联合C型臂治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的探讨膝关节镜联合C型臂透视下定位重建内侧髌股韧带等长点治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法自2013年10月至2017年5月收治复发性髌骨脱位58例(63膝),男26例28膝,女32例35膝;年龄16~47岁,平均(21.8±7.16)岁。采用膝关节镜联合C臂机透视下定位内侧髌股韧带等长点,自体半腱肌肌腱移植双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。对其进行影像学评价:Q角、胫骨结节股骨滑车沟(tibia tuberosity-trochlear groove,TT-TG),Insall-Salvati指数、髌股适合角、外侧髌股角、髌骨外移率;临床疗效评价包括国际膝关节评分委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)膝关节功能主观评分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分。结果所有病例均获得随访,随访时间1~40个月,平均21个月。术后恐惧试验均阴性,随访期间无髌骨再脱位及骨折发生。末次随访时髌股适合角(0.20±4.19)°,外侧髌股角(3.52±1.33)°,髌骨外移率(0.35±0.14)。与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);IKDC膝关节功能主观评分(87.46±4.04)分、Lysholm膝关节功能评分(87.28±3.33)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论膝关节镜联合"C"型臂透视下定位重建内侧髌股韧带等长点治疗复发性髌骨脱位的近期效果可靠。     

自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位疗效分析

目的分析关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法对2012—2015年期间我院收治的36例复发性髌骨脱位患者进行关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。手术前后及随访期内定期行CT检查,记录髌骨外移率、髌骨倾斜角及髌股合适角,并做好Tegner、Kujala、Lysholm评分。结果 36例患者随访时间1~3年,平均1.5年。患者术前髌骨外移率、髌骨倾斜角及髌股适合角分别为(49.13±2.37)%、(12.31±2.83)°、(35.86±5.01)°,末次随访时为(8.92±1.67)%、(7.98±1.33)°、(12.07±1.73)°,改善明显(P0.05);Tegner、Kujala、Lysholm术前评分分别为(3.36±0.87)分、(56.91±3.07)分、(57.23±2.83)分,末次随访时为(5.33±1.02)分、(90.18±3.01)分、(92.53±2.81)分,有显著提高(P0.05)。结论关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可有效恢复关节解剖结构,改善膝关节功能。     

关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位及临床疗效。方法我科在2014年4月至2016年7月,通过关节镜辅助下半腱肌解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位17例,术后定期随访,末次随访评估手术前后外侧髌股角、膝关节Kujala、Lysholm评分。结果 17例患者,2例后期失访,平均随访时间19.4个月。复查J-sign(-)、髌骨恐惧试验(-)、髌骨外推移位试验(-),末次随访评估手术前后外侧髌股角、膝关节Kujala、Lysholm评分,行配对t检验,结果显示术后较术前差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜辅助下自体半腱肌肌腱解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位是一种疗效显著的手术方式。     

关节镜监视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

[目的]探讨关节镜临视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建及外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.[方法]对12例复发性髌骨脱位患者采用髌骨双隧道法重建内侧髌股韧带,同时常规行外侧支持带松解.[结果]患者术后均获随访,平均31个月(14～52个月),未见髌骨脱位复发.髌骨轴位X线片显示所有病例外侧髌股角均有所改善.手术前后IKDC膝关节功能主观评分分别为(38.3±5.1)分和(91.1±5.9)分.Lysholm膝关节功能综合评分分别为(72.3±4.6)分和(90.6±4.7)分.[结论]关节镜监视下髌骨双隧道内侧髌股韧带重建及外侧支持带松解是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法.     

关节镜下自体半腱肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨关节镜下自体半腱肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)治疗复发性髌骨脱位的手术方法和疗效.方法 16例(18膝)复发性髌骨脱位行关节镜下半腱肌腱重建MPFL的手术治疗.结果 16例随访6～23个月,术后关节活动度均恢复正常,Lysholm评分为92.8分.结论 关节镜下自体半腱肌腱双束重建MPFL的方法具有创伤小、并发症少等优点,可有效重建膝关节的稳定,恢复膝关节的功能.     

关节镜下重建内侧髌股韧带与射频消融治疗髌骨半脱位的对照研究

目的比较关节镜下半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带与射频消融在治疗髌骨半脱位中的作用。方法自2008—06—2010—06收治髌骨半脱位60例,分别采用关节镜下半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带（A组,30例）与射频消融（B组,30例）治疗,比较2组手术前、后膝关节功能Lysholm评分。结果60例均获得2年随访。A组术前Lysholm评分平均（63．2±5．3）分。末次随访时平均（87．2±5．1）分;B组术前Lysholm评分平均（65．1±6．2）分,末次随访时平均（84．2±5．4）分。A、B组末次随访时Lysholm评分均较术前明显提高;差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;末次随访时A组Lysholm评分高于B组。差异有统计学意义（忙3．112,P=0．003）。结论关节镜下半腱肌肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带相对于射频消融在治疗髌骨半脱位中能取得更好的治疗效果。     

关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建和外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:评价内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果.方法:2011年3月至2013年6月在关节镜下进行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位15例,男5例,女10例;年龄14～32岁,平均19.4岁;髌骨脱位2次及以上.术前常规行X线、CT、MR检查了解髌股关节及内侧髌股韧带情况,关节功能Lysholm评分69.85±11.52,术中镜下查看髌股对合关系及髌骨运动轨迹.术中使用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带同时关节镜下外侧支持带松解.结果:所有患者获随访,时间12～36个月,平均27.6个月,患者无再发髌骨脱位及半脱位,伸直位及屈曲30°位恐惧试验和髌骨外移试验均为阴性,术后12个月患者完全恢复正常活动,膝关节无主观不适,术后Lysholm评分92.60±5.75,较术前提高.结论:关节镜下内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解手术能有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,缓解症状,重建髌骨稳定性.     

内侧髌股韧带解剖重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨关节镜内侧髌股韧带解剖重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的33例复发性髌骨脱位患者行关节镜内侧髌股韧带解剖重建术治疗,术后给予渐进式康复运动锻炼,随访6个月,观察术前、术后6个月髌骨外移率、髌骨倾斜角、髌骨适合角改善,并行Kujala主观评分、Lysholm评分和Tegner运动功能评分等膝关节综合功能评分。结果:33例均获得满意随访,术后6月髌骨合适角[(10.84±1.23)°]、髌骨倾斜角[(8.21±0.74)°]、髌骨外移率[(9.75±1.37)%]均低于术前[分别为(38.26±6.57)°、(15.61±1.33)°、(52.91±7.36)%,P0.05];术后6月Kujala主观评分[(82.19±8.96)分]、Lysholm评分[(86.49±6.27)分]、Tegner运动功能评分[(5.54±1.36)分]均高于术前[分别为(63.27±7.15)分、(54.39±4.52)分、(3.02±0.56)分,P0.05];术后6月髌骨外移不超过50%髌骨宽度,无髌骨再脱位或半脱位发生,J型征、髌骨研磨试验、恐惧试验术后均阴性。结论:关节镜内侧髌股韧带解剖重建术能够有效治疗复发性髌骨脱位,改善膝关节的稳定性并避免脱位复发,利于膝关节功能恢复,疗效满意。     

关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下采用自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法 2005年1月-2010年1月,对22例(22膝)复发性髌骨脱位患者采用关节镜下外侧支持带松解,取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗。男5例,女17例;年龄15～19岁,平均17.3岁。髌骨脱位3～8次,平均4次。主要临床症状为患膝关节疼痛、肿胀、无力,活动受限。髌骨倾斜试验、恐惧试验、内侧髌股韧带止点处压痛、髌骨向外推移时恐惧征均呈阳性。根据国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分标准,膝关节功能主观评分为(36.7±4.7)分,Lysholm评分为(69.3±3.8)分。X线片示患者髌骨向外倾斜。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间18～49个月,平均34个月。术后患者关节疼痛、肿胀、无力等症状较术前明显改善。随访期间患者髌骨脱位无复发。末次随访时,IKDC膝关节功能主观评分为(92.4±5.3)分,Lysholm评分为(91.7±5.2)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下取自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带可明显改善髌骨稳定性,是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的有效方法之一。     

内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 回顾性分析自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床结果.方法 复发性髌骨脱位31例行内侧髌股韧带重建联合外侧支持带松解,并对患者进行影像检查及膝关节功能评分.结果 术后随访24～56个月,31例均无再次脱位;功能评分术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 自体半腱肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带联合外侧支持带松解治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱位效果可靠.     

透射定位法在复发性髌骨脱位重建内侧髌股韧带中的应用

目的通过回顾性分析术中透射定位法(Sch?ttle法)在复发性髌骨脱位重建内侧髌股韧带(MPFL)的应用,对临床疗效进行总结观察,探讨重建MPFL股骨侧解剖止点的定位法。 方法2015年10月至2017年12月间,应用Sch?ttle法确定股骨侧止点19例,男3例,女16例,平均年龄(18.1±0.5)岁(15～20岁)。纳入标准：①膝关节外伤病史,且有反复髌骨外向脱位病史;② X片以及CT测量确定股骨滑车分型属于Dejour B、D型;③髌骨外推实验阳性;④髌骨外推恐惧试验阳性;⑤胫骨结节过度外偏。排除标准：①习惯性髌骨脱位;②骨骺未完全闭合;③膝关节局部存在感染病灶;④对手术期望值过高;⑤膝关节外骨性畸形。所有患者术前均拍摄膝关节正位、屈膝30°髌骨轴位片及CT测量胫骨结节－股骨滑车间距。术中所有病例均进行胫骨结节内移术,直径4.5 mm金属带线缝合锚作为髌骨侧固定,重建韧带选择同种异体肌腱,Sch?ttle法确定股骨侧髓道。在术前和终末随访时对髌股适合角、外侧髌股角、膝关节功能Lysholm评分进行功能评估。采用配对t检验对数据进行统计分析。 结果19例均获得8个月～27个月,平均( 20.1±1.3)个月随访,术后末次随访Lysholm评分明显改善,具有统计学意义( t ＝3.328,P <0.05)。术后恐惧试验均阴性,随访期间无髌骨再脱位。末次随访时患膝关节CT测量值：髌股适合角、外侧髌股角与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t＝12.572、8.334,P<0.05)。术后关节活动度有所改善,但与术前比较差异无统计学意义(t＝1.764,P>0.05)。 结论Sch?ttle法能准确定位MPFL股骨侧止点位置,重建MPFL,结合胫骨结节内移的手术方法能重建髌股关节的稳定性。     

Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for chronic patellar instability

Background:

Disruption of the capsule, medial patellar retinaculum, and/or vastus medialis obliqus has been associated with recurrent patellar instability. Biomechanical studies have shown that the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the main restraint against lateral patella displacement and reconstruction of the MPFL has become an accepted surgical technique to restore patellofemoral stability in patients having recurrent patellar dislocation. We report a prospective series of patients of chronic patellar instability treated by reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament.

Materials and Methods:

Twelve patients (15 knees) with recurrent dislocation of patella, were operated between January 2006 and December 2008. All patients had generalised ligament laxity with none had severe grade of patella alta or trochlear dysplasia. The MPFL was reconstructed with doubled semitendinosus tendon. Patients were followed up with subjective criteria, patellar inclination angle, and Kujala score.

Results:

The mean duration of followup after the operative procedures was an average of 42 months (range 24–60 months) 10 knees showed excellent results, 3 knees gave good results, and 2 knees had a fair result. The average patellar inclination angle decreased from 34.3° to 18.6°. The average preoperative Kujala functional score was 44.8 and the average postoperative score was 91.9.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction using the semitendinosus tendon gives good results in patients with chronic patellar instability without predisposing factors like severe patella alta and high-grade trochlear dysplasia, and for revision cases.     

重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的:探讨重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的中期效果。方法:2007年2月至2010年1月,复发性髌骨脱位65例,男6例,女59例;年龄17～24岁,平均20岁;右膝35例,左膝30例。全部取自体同侧半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带。手术前后采用Lysholm及Tegner进行功能评分,影像学采用Congruence角及Sulcus角评分。结果:全部病例获随访,时间15～23个月,平均20个月,无膝关节髌骨半脱位或脱位。Lysholm膝关节功能评分从术前的(60.6±3.7)分升至(89.8±4.6)分(t=-15.58,P=0.00);IKDC评分从术前的平均(40.0±3.5)分升至(82.0±3.6)分(t=-27.44,P=0.00);Tegner评分从术前的平均(3.6±0.4)分升至(5.6±0.3)(t=-10.84,P=0.00);Congruence角由术前的平均(26.4±3.9)°降至(4.3±1.8)°(t=16.15,P=0.00);Sulcus角由术前的平均(148.8±2.0)°降至术后的(140.5±1.6)°(t=10.51,P=0.00)。结论:重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位能提供足够的张力,维持髌骨稳定性。     

关节镜下双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-07—2018-09诊治的20例骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位,在关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱经大收肌肌腱止点悬吊双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗。结果 20例均获得随访,随访时间平均21.2(12~36)个月。所有患者术后复查均未再发生髌骨脱位或半脱位,膝关节功能恢复满意。末次随访时髌股适合角为(-1.79±3.26)°,髌骨倾斜角为(11.11±1.08)°,较术前明显减小;末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(94.60±2.58)分,髌股关节功能Kujala评分为(91.05±2.33)分,较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位患者,关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗可获得稳定的髌骨滑动轨迹,髌骨脱位矫正良好。     

Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of habitual or recurrent dislocation of the patella in children

We investigated the clinical outcome of a reconstructive procedure of the medial patellofemoral ligament for the treatment of habitual or recurrent dislocation of the patella in four children (6 knees), with a minimum follow-up of four years. The technique involves transfer of the tendon of semitendinosus to the patella using the posterior one-third of the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament as a pulley. There was no recurrence of dislocation after surgery. The mean Kujala score at follow-up was 96.3 points. Radiological assessment showed that the congruence angle, the tilt angle and the lateral shift radio were restored to normal. The lateral and medial stress shift ratios and the Insall-Salvati ratio remained abnormal. We conclude that this technique can be recommended for the treatment of habitual or recurrent patellar dislocation in children, although hypermobility and patella alta are not fully corrected.     

A “sandwich” method of reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using a titanium interference screw for patellar instability in skeletally immature patients

Background

No standard surgical procedure for medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction exists in skeletally immature patients with patellar instability. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a novel reconstruction technique for the MPFL in patients with patellar instability because of non-closure of the epiphyseal line.

Methods

The “sandwich” method was fixation of the patella between a double-stranded semitendinosus tendon through the posterior third of the femoral insertion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) as a pulley with a titanium interference screw in a single patellar tunnel. Five knees in five patients were studied: four with recurrent and one with habitual patellar dislocations. Subjects underwent MPFL reconstruction with or without lateral release. Patients were evaluated using pre-operative and post-operative physical and radiographic examinations, including apprehension testing, assessment of tilting and congruence angles, medial and lateral shift ratios under stress measured using X-ray imaging, and Kujala and Lysholm scores.

Results

No patient experienced recurrent post-operative episodes of dislocation or subluxation. By the final follow-up, patellar apprehension had disappeared in all patients. In addition, all patients showed significant improvement in the following: tilting angle, congruence angle, lateral shift ratio, Kujala score, and Lysholm score.

Conclusions

The MPFL reconstruction methods, using a double-stranded semitendinosus autograft and sparing the femoral physeal line in non-closure of the epiphyseal line, provide acceptable short-term results for the treatment of patellar instability.     

Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for patellar instability using a semitendinosus autograft

Between 1999 and 2001 thirty knees underwent a semitendinosus tendon plasty to recreate the medial patellofemoral ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation. The mean follow-up was 38 months. The mean improvement of the patellofemoral congruence angle after surgery was 14 +/- 7 degrees. All patients ended up with a full range of motion, except one patient, whose flexion was limited to 120 degrees due to superficial wound infections. Dislocation did not recur. According to the Larsen and Lauridsen outcome score the clinical results were excellent in 27 patients, good in 2 and fair in one. In conclusion this procedure is indicated for the chronic dislocation and cases of severe femoral dysplasia with marked laxity. The procedure assures the stabilisation of the patella, although it doesn't restore the patellofemoral congruence angle to normal values.     

Clinical results of isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for recurrent dislocation and subluxation of the patella

Complications and results of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, performed between 2000 and 2003, were studied retrospectively in 24 randomised patients (24 knees). All procedures were performed for recurrent dislocation or subluxation of the patella, using an autogenous semitendinosus tendon. Two different methods of anchoring of the transplant were compared. After a 2-year follow-up, patellar stability was found to be similar, when the transplant was sutured to the fibrous tissue and periosteum overlying the patella or when it was fixed in a bone tunnel through the patella. The majority of the patients who had undergone MPFL reconstruction have returned to their previous level of sports activities. We had two cases of patella fracture and one case of persisting patella apprehension after surgery. Further studies must determine which measures are necessary to prevent these complications.     

Treatment of chronic patellar dislocation with a modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure

Background This paper describes a modification of the Elmslie-Trillat procedure that is usually performed in severe cases of habitual or recurrent patellar instability. Methods Eighteen knees (7 men and 8 women) treated for recurrent or habitual patellar dislocation were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean follow-up of 5 years (range 24 months to 9 years). The mean age at follow-up was 26.3 years (range 17–44 years). The IKDC and Kujala and Tegner scores were used for the clinical evaluation. Anteroposterior, lateral and Merchant views were done for radiographic monitoring. When the patella was still unstable during dynamic evaluation after execution of the Elmslie-Trillat procedure, the medial third of the patellar tendon was isolated and harvested with a corresponding 1 cm long and 0.5 cm wide bone plug, maintaining its insertion to the inferior medial side of the patella. This ligament was medialized and put under tension, trying to find a medial insertion that guaranteed patellar stability throughout the full range of motion. Results IKDC classified 11 knees as A (normal), 4 knees as B (almost normal), 2 knees as C (abnormal) and 1 knee as D (severely abnormal). The Kujala score showed excellent results in 16 knees, 1 fair and 1 poor knee. The mean Tegner score rose from 2 preoperatively to 5 at follow-up. The poor knee presented an over-correction of the congruence angle on radiography. On follow-up radiographs, the parameters were almost completely corrected. Statistical analysis showed a significant correction of radiograph parameters, and significantly worse results in patients who underwent trochleoplasty. Conclusion The technique described tries to achieve a dynamic stability of the patella throughout the full range of motion in severe patellar instability where the Elmslie-Trillat procedure is insufficient. No recurrence of patellar instability has been observed. The stability must be obtained with dynamic control in the initial degrees of flexion, trying to avoid an excessive patellar medialization.     

Die Rekonstruktion des medialen patellofemoralen Ligaments mit der getunnelten Semitendinosussehne

OBJECTIVE: Stabilization of the patella by reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament. INDICATIONS: Chronic recurrent lateral dislocation or subluxation of the patella. Habitual lateral dislocation of the patella. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Primary dislocation of the patella. Genu valgum with a Q-angle > 15 degrees . Status following semitendinosus tendon transfer to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. Joint infection. Neurogenic instability, ischiocrural muscle deficiency. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Division of the distal insertion of the semitendinosus muscle at the pes anserinus. Subligamentous tunneling at the proximal insertion of the medial collateral ligament. The distal end of the semitendinosus tendon is transferred through the subligamentous tunnel to the medial patellar margin. Fixation of the tendon to the medioproximal patellar margin by passing it through an oblique transpatellar drill hole. RESULTS: The patella was stabilized by dynamic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in 14 patients with chronic recurrent or habitual lateral patellar dislocation. Ten patients were available for clinical follow-up assessment at an average of 13 months (8-27 months) postoperatively. The postoperative Kujala Index (maximum 100 points) increased on average from 56 to 95 points.