垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨切开复位内固定治疗垂直不骨盆骨折的疗效。方法：作者２年来采用切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折１５例。固定方法有：前环骨折采用钢板固定;后环骨折分离采用骶骨棒,四孔方形钢板,松质骨螺钉固定。结果：随访时已有１２例下地行走,无腰腿痛,患肢缩短等并发症。结论：垂直不稳定骨盆骨折手术治疗的疗效满意。     

垂直不稳定骨盆骨折内固定垂直稳定性的生物力学研究

目的探讨垂直不稳定骨盆骨折空心螺钉和钢板内固定前后环或后环的垂直方向稳定性差异。方法：将6具尸体骨盆随机取3具做压力测试为正常组，然后制成垂直不稳定骨盆骨折模型，分别行后环空心螺钉结合前环空心钉、后环空心螺钉、后环结合前环钢板、后环钢板内固定。结果在垂直方向，后环空心螺钉内固定强于钢板螺丝钉内固定，增加前环内固定可以显著增加前环的稳定性。结论垂直不稳定骨盆骨折空心螺钉内固定具有较好的生物力学稳定性，前后环内固定要优于单纯后环内固定。     

“π”棒及“T”形钢板治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折

作者三年来后路途径用“π”棒及前路途径用“Ｔ”形钢板治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折２４例，优良率９１．７％。“π”棒由两根ＣＤ棒、一根骶骨棒及两个接头装置组成。生物力学实验表明垂直不稳定骨盆骨折只用“π”棒固定后骨盆，不固定前骨盆，其压缩刚度、弯曲刚度、极限载荷及极限位移均接近正常骨盆。因而术后可早期下地。“π”棒具有复位和固定作用，术中不接触Ｘ线，提升ＣＤ棒达到完全复位，避免损伤骶神经。“π”棒也用于双侧经骶孔纵形骶骨骨折。     

骶髂关节解剖型棒-板内固定系统的生物力学评价

目的：探讨采用新型骶髂关节解剖型棒-板内固定系统（SABP）治疗骨盆骶髂关节骨折脱位的生物力学性能。方法：采集新鲜的冷冻尸体骨盆标本20具,造成骨盆骨折模型,采用实验应力分析方法,对SABP内固定和骶骨螺钉结合Galveston技术内固定、骶骨棒固定、重建钢板固定、骶髂关节螺钉等5种固定作对照比较,分别测定它们的刚度和强度,用以评价骨盆的稳定性。结果：采用新型骶髂关节解剖型棒-板内固定系统治疗骨盆骶髂关节骨折脱位,较骶骨螺钉结合Galveston技术内固定、骶髂关节螺钉、重建钢板固定、骶骨棒固定其骨盆的刚度分别高10%、11%、16%、21%,强度分别高12%、14%、21%、31%;应变分别小13%、14%、22%、25%,位移分别小10%、12%、16%、20%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,并且超过正常人骨盆标本,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：采用新型SABP内固定装置治疗骨盆骨折,其强度、刚度最佳,优于其他内固定方法,是一种理想的新型内固定器械。     

不稳定性骨盆骨折的手术内固定治疗

目的探讨不稳定性骨盆骨折内固定手术治疗的临床疗效.方法41例不稳定性骨盆骨折采用开收复位加内固定手术治疗.前环骨折采用耻骨联合上方弧形切口或经腹股沟入路．应用钛合金重建钢板内固定；后环骨折分别采用骶骨棒、骶髂拉力螺钉固定.结果41例均获随访．时间3～36个月，骨折愈合时间为2．0～3．5（2．5±0．4）个月。疗效评估：优14例，良18例，中8例．差1例.结论不稳定性骨盆骨折采用手术内固定叮以重建有效骨盆稳定性，疗效满意。     

垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的手术治疗(附84例报告)

目的　探讨垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折分型与切开复位内固定的关系 ,为临床内固定的选择提供依据 ,提高垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治愈率。方法　 8年来切开复位内固定治疗 84例垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折。其中 :Ⅰ型 13例、Ⅱ型 2 5例、Ⅲ型 5例、Ⅳ型 13例、Ⅴ型 2 0例、Ⅱ并Ⅳ型 8例。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前入路T形钢板或骨盆重建钢板固定 ,Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型和Ⅱ加Ⅳ型选择后入路π棒、骶骨棒或松质骨空心拉力螺丝钉固定。 18例前环骨折予耻骨上支髓内空心拉力螺丝钉或骨盆重建钢板固定。结果　平均随访 18个月。皆骨性愈合 ,无下肢不等长 ,骨盆畸形基本纠正。治愈率达 92 9%。结论　只有根据骨折分型和患者的具体情况 ,选择适当的手术入路和内固定器械 ,垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治疗方能取得满意效果。对前骨盆骨折尽可能手术固定。     

腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统在C1、2型骨盆骨折中的应用

目的探讨腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统治疗C1、2型骨盆骨折的临床应用效果。方法收治8例C1、2型骨盆骨折,均采用一期前后路手术切开内固定,骨折累及骶椎管予相应减压,前环不稳予重建钢板固定,后环不稳予腰骶-髂骨椎弓根钉内固定。结果无一例发生感染及螺钉松动、断裂等现象,骨盆稳定性得到良好的恢复;7例患者术后能自行下床行走,3例L5神经根受损症状术后均得到明显缓解,1例马尾神经损伤患者术后骨盆稳定性得到良好的恢复,但马尾神经症状恢复不多,大便不能自控。结论一期前后路手术治疗能较好地恢复骨盆的稳定性,腰骶-髂骨脊柱椎弓根钉棒内固定系统治疗合并骶髂关节复合体损伤/骶骨骨折的C1、2型骨盆骨折,能取得足够的复位及内固定稳定性。     

垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的手术治疗（附84例报告）

目的 探讨垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折分型与切开复位内固定的关系，为临床内固定的选择提供依据，提高垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治愈率。方法 8年来切开复位内固定治疗84例垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折。其中：I型13例、Ⅱ型25例、Ⅲ型5例、Ⅳ型13例、V型20例、Ⅱ并Ⅳ型8例。I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前人路T形钢板或骨盆重建钢板固定，Ⅲ、Ⅳ、V型和Ⅱ加Ⅳ型选择后入路π棒、骶骨棒或松质骨空心拉力螺丝钉固定。18例前环骨折予耻骨上支髓内空心拉力螺丝钉或骨盆重建钢板固定。结果 平均随访18个月。皆骨性愈合，无下肢不等长，骨盆畸形基本纠正。治愈率达92.9％。结论 只有根据骨折分型和患者的具体情况，选择适当的手术入路和内固定器械，垂直不稳定型骨盆骨折的治疗方能取得满意效果。对前骨盆骨折尽可能手术固定。     

切开复位内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的：总结不稳定骨盆骨折手术方法和疗效。方法：入路：前环采用横切口或髂腹股沟切门，后环用骶髂前入路或后入路。固定方法：对于髂骨骨折、耻骨联合分离或耻骨上支骨折，采用钢板固定于髂骨内板、耻骨联合上方或前方和耻骨支上方；对于髂骨后部骨折、骶髂关节分离或骶骨骨折采用前路钢板、后路骶骨棒和骶髂关节螺钉固定。结果：87例病人，随访3个月～5年，97％的病人满意。结论：切开复位内固定是不稳定骨盆骨折的可靠治疗方法，术前应特别重视纠正骨盆骨折内出血。     

切开复位内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折

目的 应用切开复位内固定治疗不稳定骨盆骨折。方法 21例骨盆骨折，Tile分类：B型11例，C型10例。分别采取前方髂嵴入路或髂腹股沟入路行切开复位，用钢板螺钉固定骶骨、髂骨及耻骨的骨折或脱位。采取后方髂后上嵴旁入路，用骶骨棒固定骶骨骨折。结果随访1～1．5年，21例均获骨性愈合，恢复原有工作，X线平片评价：17例良好，4例差。结论 切开复位内固定是治疗不稳定骨盆骨折的有效方法。     

Standardized osteosynthesis techniques for the pelvic ring. Analysis of a patient sample and surgical technique]

A total of 1566 patients with fractures of the pelvis were treated at the Department of Traumatology at the Hannover Medical School between 1972 and 1990. Of these, 1350 patients had fractures of the pelvic ring, 216 isolated acetabulum fractures, and 398 combinations of pelvic ring fractures and acetabular involvement. Of these patients, 718 were admitted with severe polytrauma. For 1254 patients complete files were available for clinical and radiological evaluation of fracture distribution, classification (Tile and anatomical location) and concomitant injuries. A significant increase in the severity of trauma, the severity of the pelvic fractures and the rate of internal stabilization, especially of the posterior pelvic ring, was observed during the observation period. The overall mortality after pelvic fracture was 18.1%. This mortality was correlated to the Hannover Polytrauma Score (PTS) and the associated extrapelvic blunt trauma. Internal fixation of pelvic fractures was performed in 195 patients. Our experience led to standardized procedures for the different fracture locations. In fractures type Tile B, an anterior procedure led in all cases to anatomic or near anatomic healing. In unstable pelvic ring fractures (Tile C), external fixation led to a significantly higher rate of posterior dislocations (over 1 cm) than did internal fixation. In these situations a combined posterior and anterior internal fixation procedure improved the result compared to posterior internal stabilizations alone. As a result, internal stabilization using a standardized technique for every fracture location is recommended for all unstable pelvic ring fractures.     

切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折

目的探讨切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折的临床疗效。方法28例垂直不稳定骨盆骨折患者在大重量牵引纠正垂直移位后,全部行切开复位内固定,骨盆前环骨折均用重建钢板内固定。结果随访12~48个月,平均23.2个月,均骨性愈合,无下肢不等长,骨盆畸形基本纠正,按刘利民等功能评定标准,优10例,良13例,可5例。结论切开复位内固定治疗垂直不稳定骨盆骨折可取得满意疗效,对前后环骨盆骨折尽可能手术固定。     

Sacroiliac screw fixation for tile B fractures

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this comparative cadaveric study was to investigate whether the stability of partially unstable pelvic fractures can be improved by combining plate fixation of the symphysis with a posterior sacroiliac screw. METHODS: In six specimens, a Tile B1 (open-book) pelvic fracture was created. We compared the intact situation with isolated anterior plate fixation and plate with sacroiliac screw fixation. Using a three-dimensional video system, we measured the translation and rotation stiffness of the fixations and the load to failure. RESULTS: Neither absolute displacements at the os pubis or at the sacroiliac joint nor stiffness of the ilium with respect to the sacrum were significantly different for the techniques with or without sacroiliac screw or the intact situation. Load to failure was reached in only one of the six cases. In all other cases, the fixation of the pelvis to the frame failed before failure of the fixation itself. In these cases, a load of approximately 1,000 N or more could be applied. CONCLUSION: The addition of a sacroiliac screw in a Tile B1 fracture does not provide significant additional stability. Although cyclic loading was not tested, in these experiments forces could be applied that were similar to full body weight. Clinical experiments into direct postoperative weight bearing are recommended to examine the clinical situation.     

不稳定型骨盆骨折的内固定治疗

目的探讨不稳定型骨盆骨折内固定治疗的疗效。方法对48例骨盆骨折患者采用钢板、螺钉等内固定材料进行骨折复位、固定,恢复骨盆前后环的稳定。结果 43例患者获得随访,时间8～24个月。患者均获得骨性愈合,未出现腰腿痛、肢体缩短和跛行等。根据Matta评分标准:优30例,良8例,可3例,差2例,优良率为88.4%。结论手术复位、内固定治疗不稳定型骨盆骨折可以恢复骨盆的正常结构,重建骨盆的稳定性,临床疗效满意。     

Die retrograde transpubische Schraubenfixation von oberen Schambeinastbrüchen

OBJECTIVE: Reduction and retention of unstable and/or severely displaced fractures of the upper pubic ramus with an associated risk of injury to the pelvic organs with transpubic screw fixation. Restoration of form and function of the pelvis. INDICATIONS: Injuries to the pelvic ring with displaced and/or unstable fractures of the upper pubic ramus. Stabilization of the anterior column of the acetabulum in isolated fractures of the anterior column. Additional internal fixation as part of the management of acetabular fractures with transverse components, combined with stabilization of the posterior column. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Poor general health, local soft-tissue injury. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Pfannenstiel's incision to achieve open reduction and screw fixation of the pubic ramus under image intensification. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Depending on the general condition of the patient and pelvic ring stability, mobilization on forearm crutches with partial weight bearing (one fifth of body weight) of the side with injury to the posterior pelvic ring. RESULTS: Transpubic screw fixation was performed in 16 patients with displaced fractures of the upper pubic ramus as part of pelvic ring injuries (twice type A, six times type B, eight times type C). Intraoperative complications were not observed. Postoperative complications occurred in two cases (one rectus hernia, one screw pullout with manifestation of chronic osteomyelitis of the pubic ramus). All other fractures healed within 3 months.     

Functional outcome of internal fixation for pelvic ring fractures.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the functional outcome after unstable pelvic ring fractures stabilized with internal fixation. METHODS: Between January 1, 1990, and September 1, 1997, 37 patients were treated with internal fixation for unstable pelvic fracture. Demographic data, type of accident, Hospital Trauma Index-Injury Severity Score, and fracture type according to Tile classification were scored. One patient died the day after the accident from neurologic injury. A Short Form-36 health questionnaire and a form regarding functional result after pelvic trauma, adapted from Majeed et al., were returned by 31 of 36 patients (86%). Twenty-eight patients (78%) were seen for physical and radiologic examination. RESULTS: Twenty-six men and 11 women, with an average age of 34.7 years (range, 15-66 years) were included. The mean Injury Severity Score reached 30.4 (range, 16-66). According to the Tile classification, there were 16 type B fractures and 21 type C fractures. Seven patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the pubic arch, 10 patients were treated with a combination of anterior open reduction and internal fixation with additional external fixation to increase the stability of the posterior ring. Nineteen patients underwent internal fixation of both anterior and posterior arch. In the remaining case, percutaneous posterior screw fixation was combined with anterior external fixation, because of estimated infectious risk. The average follow-up time was 35.6 months. Patients scored 78.6 of 100 on the Majeed score. Remarkable was the reported change in sexual intercourse in 12 patients (40%). Only 12 patients (40%) did not have complaints when sitting. On the SF-36 scales physical and social functioning, role limitations due to physical problems and vitality were limited compared with the averages for the Dutch population. Patients treated with combined anterior and posterior internal fixation scored significantly better on both the Majeed score and on the categories physical functioning, pain, general health and social functioning compared with patients with similar fractures treated with a combination of anterior internal fixation with external fixation. At the physical examination, 11 of 28 patients (39%) did not have any abnormality. Nineteen patients (68%) were back at their original job, which was physically demanding in 9 cases. There was a suspicion of nonunion of the posterior arch in two patients, which could be confirmed with a computed tomographic scan. CONCLUSION: In general, limitations in functioning are reported, even after long-term follow-up. In partially unstable fractures, solitary anterior fixation gives good results. In completely unstable fractures, patients treated with combined internal fixation anterior as well as posterior scored a better outcome compared with combined internal and external fixation. Therefore, this technique is recommended as treatment of first choice in completely unstable fractures.     

Fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach

Objective  Stable internal screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring disruptions through a posterior approach. Indications  Complete, unstable sacroiliac dislocations with incompetence of anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments. Sacroiliac fracture dislocations. Displaced vertical sacral fractures. Contraindications  Damage to posterior soft tissues. Acceptable closed reduction of sacrum or sacroiliac joint. Ipsilateral acetabular fractures treated through an anterior approach. Inadequate intraoperative fluoroscopic visualization of posterior pelvis. Surgical Technique  Vertical paramedian incision overlying the sacroiliac joint. Release of origin of gluteus maximus. Inspection and reduction of sacroiliac joint. Stabilization with iliosacral screws under image intensification. Secure repair of gluteal fascia. Results  107 patients with unstable pelvic ring fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of which 83 had an open reduction of posterior ring injuries. Accuracy of reduction: more than 95% of patients had residual displacement of less than 10 mm. Two patients had a deep wound infection postoperatively. Two-thirds of the patients were able to resume their previous occupation. Pain was either absent or occurred only with strenuous activities. 63% had a normal gait.     

切开复位内固定治疗桶柄样骨盆骨折

目的 探讨桶柄样骨盆骨折手术治疗方法,以提高桶柄样骨盆骨折的治愈率。方法切开复位内固定治疗56例桶柄样骨盆骨折。骨盆前环：经Pfannenstiel入路固定24例,其中9例予以1块骨盆重建钢板固定,骨盆重建钢板固定结合耻骨上支髓内螺钉固定9例,6例予以2块骨盆重建钢板固定;Pfannenstiel入路结合部分髂腹股沟入路予以1块骨盆重建钢板固定32例。骨盆后环：39例经患侧髂嵴入路以骨盆重建钢板固定,10例骶骨骨折经皮骶髂关节螺钉固定,7例未行后骨盆固定。结果56例均获随访,时间12—32（18±3．5）个月,骨性愈合时间5～9（6±1．2）个月,无下肢不等长,骨盆畸形基本纠正。按Majeed疗效评定标准：优38例,良14例,可1例,优良率为92．9％。结论前后联合人路,切开复位内固定治疗桶柄样骨盆骨折可以取得满意效果。