生理盐水与75%乙醇护理经皮骨穿针针道效果比较

目的评价生理盐水按需护理经皮骨穿针针道的效果,提高患者治疗舒适度。方法将220例骨科住院行经皮骨穿针外固定或骨牵引的患者按时间段分为对照组100例、观察组120例。对照组按常规护理及于针孔处每天2次外滴75%乙醇,针道口如有渗血渗液,用75%乙醇棉签消毒针道后更换纱条;观察组不予外滴药物或消毒剂,针道口如有渗血渗液,采用生理盐水清洁针道口后更换纱条。结果观察组针道感染率及针道护理时不适度显著低于对照组(均P0.01)。结论对留置经皮骨穿针患者,采用生理盐水清除针道分泌物及按需护理,可降低针道感染率及提高患者治疗舒适度。     

汇涵术泰护创液用于外固定支架钉道护理

目的探讨汇涵术泰护创液预防外固定支架钉道感染的效果。方法将209例行外固定支架固定术患者随机分为观察组(115例)和对照组(94例)。对照组钉道局部采用75%乙醇消毒、无菌敷料覆盖,每天2次;观察组采用汇涵术泰护创液喷洒钉道局部,暴露钉道,每天3～4次,每次约0.125ml。结果对照组2例发生1处针道感染,1例1处、1例2处出现钉道红肿。观察组有3例1处、1例2处发生钉道感染,2例2处出现钉道红肿。两组钉道感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论75%乙醇和汇涵术泰护创液对钉道感染防治均有效,汇涵术泰护创液操作简单,使用方便卫生,可替代乙醇消毒护理钉道。     

局部联合应用氨甲环酸对全髋关节置换失血量的影响

目的观察局部联合应用氨甲环酸(TXA)对全髋关节置换(THA)围手术期失血量的影响。方法将90例初行单侧THA患者随机分为A组(术中20 ml含1.0 g TXA生理盐水,分2次浸润+术后灌注50 ml含1.0 g TXA生理盐水)、B组(术中20 ml含1.0 g TXA生理盐水,分2次浸润+术后灌注50 ml生理盐水)、C组(术中20 ml生理盐水,分2次浸润+术后灌注50 ml含1.0 g TXA生理盐水)各30例,分别在术中局部浸润和术后经引流管逆行灌注。比较3组术中失血量、术后引流量、术后第3天血红蛋白(Hb)以及发生深静脉血栓(DVT)例数。结果术中失血量:A组与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A、B组均少于C组(P0.05)。术后引流量:A组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A、C组均少于B组(P0.05)。术后第3天Hb:A组高于B、C组(P0.05),B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3组均无DVT发生。结论局部应用TXA可减少初次行单侧THA的失血量,术中局部浸润可减少术中失血量,术后灌注可减少术后引流量,联合应用效果更佳。     

外固定支架519枚固定针植入疗效观察

目的介绍外固定支架固定针植入过程中的手术细节,减少外固定支架固定针植入相关并发症的发生。方法自2008年12月至2011年12月植入的519枚外固定支架固定针治疗不同部位粉碎性骨折、开放性骨折、骨髓炎病例107例,注意手术细节和术后的护理,探究减少外固定针感染的方法。结果 519枚外固定针均顺利植入,107例患者均获得随访,时间3～18个月,平均9个月。无外固定针松动病例,无固定针断裂病例,无医源性骨折发生,无医源性神经肌腱损伤。固定针钉道口出现渗液18例,股骨7例,胫骨6例,跟骨2例,掌骨2例,肱骨1例,加强局部伤口护理,每天碘伏滴注三次,清除钉道口血痂等异物,渗液均得到控制。2例出现流脓,为骨髓炎患者,经抗感染局部换药治疗后治愈。结论注意外固定针植入时的细节以及术后护理,可以有效避免外固针的松动以及钉道口感染的发生,外固定支架的使用牢固可靠。     

面部皮肤癌术后两种切口护理方法效果比较

目的探讨不同切口护理方法对面部皮肤癌术后患者切口愈合、舒适度及满意度的影响。方法将100例面部皮肤癌术后患者按入院先后顺序随机分为改良组和传统组各50例;传统组按常规暴露切口,局部用3%过氧化氢去除血痂,生理盐水清洗、75%乙醇擦拭;改良组局部用生理盐水清洗后再用75%双层乙醇纱布持续湿敷。结果两组切口愈合比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);两组术后不同时间疼痛评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);两组患者治疗结束时满意度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良的面部切口护理方法简单易行,可以有效预防切口感染、减轻瘢痕形成,利于皮瓣成活,促进切口一期愈合,提高患者满意度。     

稀碘伏尿道灌注预防TUVP术后尿路感染的效果观察

目的 观察体积分数为0.05％稀碘伏术中尿道灌注预防前列腺气化电切(TUVP)术后尿路感染的临床效果。方法本组100例前列腺增生病人,随机分两组,每组50例。治疗组(才交流中心A组)在手术开始前经尿道灌注0.05％碘伏50ml,对照组(B组)灌注生理盐水50ml。所有患者均于术前及术后拔除尿管后1天行中段尿细菌培养。结果 A组术前中段尿细菌培养阳性21例。阳性率差异无显著性(P>0.05%)。术后拔除尿管后1天中段尿细菌培养阳性A组5例,B组14例。两组差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论 TUVP术开始前经尿道灌注0.05%稀碘伏能有效的预防术后尿路感染。     

伤椎置钉与否对经皮短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效的影响

目的探讨伤椎置钉与否对微创经皮椎弓根钉短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折疗效的影响。方法将40例单节段胸腰椎骨折患者按手术方式分为两组:微创经皮椎弓根钉短节段固定并伤椎置钉组(A组,20例)和单纯微创经皮椎弓根钉短节段固定组(B组,20例)。对两组患者的围手术期指标及术后的治疗效果进行比较。结果所有患者均获得随访,时间6~24个月。手术时间、术中出血量、术后第3天疼痛VAS评分两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后及末次随访伤椎Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值、椎管占位(Wolter指数)A组均优于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.001);末次随访ODI评分A组优于B组(P0.001)。结论微创经皮短节段固定并伤椎置钉治疗胸腰椎骨折较单纯微创经皮短节段固定增加了少量创伤,但有更好的远期疗效。     

氨甲环酸减少股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定手术隐性失血的随机对照试验

目的探讨手术开始前静脉输注氨甲环酸能否减少股骨粗隆间骨折股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定手术患者的隐性失血量。方法纳入自2016-12—2017-07行PFNA内固定治疗的77例股骨粗隆间骨折,随机分为2组,氨甲环酸组(37例)于麻醉后手术开始前静脉输注氨甲环酸1 g(200 ml),生理盐水组(40例)静脉输注200 ml生理盐水。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后第2天引流量、术后输血率、术后早期并发症发生率,术后第1天及第3天Hb、Hct,术后第3天总失血量、显性失血量、隐性失血量。结果与生理盐水组比较,氨甲环酸组术后第3天总失血量及隐性失血量更少,术后输血率更低,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05);而2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后第2天引流量、术后Hb、术后Hct、术后第3天显性失血量、早期并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论麻醉后手术开始前静脉输注1 g氨甲环酸可以有效减少股骨粗隆间骨折PFNA内固定手术患者的隐性失血量,降低术后患者输血率,进而减少贫血导致的严重并发症,同时不增加血栓的发生率。     

陈皮水用于骨科术后患者口腔护理

目的探讨陈皮水应用于骨科术后患者口腔护理的效果。方法将100例骨科手术患者随机分成两组各50例,分别采用生理盐水(对照组)和自制陈皮水(观察组)进行口腔护理。结果口腔护理后,观察组口腔状况显著优于对照组(P0.01)。结论陈皮水用于骨科全麻术后患者口腔护理,能有效提高口腔护理效果。     

不同部位深静脉置管穿刺口细菌感染比较

目的 探讨不同部位深静脉置管后穿刺口局部细菌感染情况,为临床规范护理提供实证依据.方法 将75例深静脉置管患者按置管部位分为颈内静脉组40例、股静脉组35例,分别于置管后第1、3、7、10天行穿刺局部取样细菌培养,拔管时经导管采血5ml,并取导管头端5 cm行细菌培养.结果 股静脉组穿刺口局部细菌培养第3天阳性率及总阳性率显著高于颈内静脉组(均P＜0.05),第1、7、10天两组差异无显著性意义(均P＞0.05);两组穿刺口细菌培养阳性率高峰期均出现在1周内.结论 临床上应根据不同的置管用途及使用时限,选择合适的置管部位,并做好穿刺口感染高发期的护理,以减少置管局部的感染.     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用

目的 评价中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞活化在大鼠神经病理性痛中的作用.方法 雄性SD大鼠176只,体重200 ～ 250 g,9周龄,采用随机数字法,将其分为4组:假手术组(S组,n=40)、神经病理性痛组(NP组,n=40)、生理盐水组(NS组,n=48)和米诺环素组(M组,n=48).NP组、NS组和M组采用慢性坐骨神经缩窄性损伤法制备大鼠神经病理性痛模型;S组仅暴露坐骨神经,而不结扎.术后第7天时,NS组和M组分别于中脑导水管周围灰质的腹外侧区注射生理盐水或米诺环素0.5μl.取8只大鼠,分别于术前1 d(T0)、术后第3天(T1)、第7天给药前30 min(T2)、第7天给药后30 min(T3)、第14天(T4)和第21天(T5)时测定机械痛阈.于T1-5时各处死8只大鼠,取脑组织,行小胶质细胞计数.结果 与S组比较,NP组、NS组和M组T1-5时机械痛阈降低,小胶质细胞计数升高(P＜0.05);NP组和NS组各时点机械痛阈和小胶质细胞计数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与NP组和NS组比较,M组T3时机械痛阈升高,小胶质细胞计数降低(P＜0.05).结论 中脑导水管周围灰质小胶质细胞的活化参与了大鼠神经病理性痛中的形成与维持.     

沈阳男性髋部骨折多于女性原因探讨

为找出沈阳地区髋部骨折发生男性多于女性的原因，探索该病在不发达国家或地区的流行特点，我们再次通过查阅病例记录，对沈阳市１９９４年５０岁以上人口的部分髋部骨折病发生的原因进行了较详细的调查分析。共调查分析２６６髋部骨折病例，其中男１６３例，女１０３例。损伤原因记为单纯摔倒（滑倒或绊倒）、骑自行车摔倒、自行车撞倒、机动车事故和高位跌下（滚楼梯或从较高位置掉下）。结果表明：男女在髋部骨折伤因构成上有差别（Ｐ＝０．００４）。女性髋部骨折的大多数（７０％）是由单纯摔倒引起，而在男性则不足一半（４９％），即男性髋部骨折的一半以上不是由于单纯摔倒而是由各种意外事故造成的（Ｐ＝０．０００８）。在各种意外事故中，男性骑自行车摔倒引起骨折的频率（２８％）明显高于女性（１０％）。除了骑自行车摔倒外，男性由自行车撞倒和高位跌下引起骨折的频率稍高于女性，但无太大差别。机动车事故造成骨折的频率男女基本一致。此结果在一定的程度上说明，１９９４年沈阳５０岁以上的男性髋部骨折发病率高是由于男性发生的各种意外事故多，尤其是骑自行车引起的事故造成的。     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.