3D打印技术辅助陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨3D打印技术在手术治疗陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折中的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2022年2月使用3D打印技术辅助治疗的13例陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折病人的临床资料,其中男9例、女4例。术前应用3D打印技术,按1∶1比例制作病人全骨盆模型,根据模型进行术前决策,模拟骨折复位、截骨、减压,指导术前选择及预弯内固定物。记录手术时间、出血量及术后复位效果。术后复位质量根据Matta评分标准进行评估。末次随访时,采用Merle D''Aubigne和Postel评分、Majeed评分评估疗效。结果 13例病人均顺利完成手术,手术时间为（194.38±79.82） min,术中出血量为（534.62±268.46） mL。按Matta标准,骨折复位优3例,良7例,优良率为76.92%。所有病人均获得随访,按照Merle D''Aubigne和Postel评分标准,髋关节功能优1例,良2例,优良率为75%,Majeed评分为（93.00±4.37）分。结论 3D打印技术辅助治疗陈旧性骨盆髋臼骨折,有助于了解骨折形态、制定合理的手术方案、提高内固定物植入的精度、减少手术时间及术中出血量。     

经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合跟骨异形钢板内固定治疗累及四边体的髋臼骨折

目的: 探讨应用经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合翼形跟骨钢板治疗累及四边体的髋臼骨折和骨盆后柱骨折的疗效。方法: 回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年4月收治的累及四边体的髋臼骨折和骨盆后柱骨折患者21例,其中男12例,女9例;年龄21~73(43.23±6.45)岁。所有患者采用经腹直肌外侧切口入路联合翼形钢板切开复位内固定治疗,其中12例骨盆合并前后柱骨折,7例髋臼骨折并累及四边体,2例髋臼骨折伴中心性脱位。结果: 21例患者均获得随访,时间12~36(18.60±6.45)个月,骨折均愈合。术后根据Matta影像学复位评价:11例骨盆前后柱骨折为解剖复位,1例为满意复位,7例累及四边体的髋臼骨折为解剖复位,1例伴中心型脱位为解剖复位,1例为满意复位。改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel 髋关节评分13~17分。结论: 腹直肌外侧切口入路辅以联合翼形钢板治疗累及四边体的复杂髋臼、骨盆骨折可以获得良好的放射学及临床结果,对复杂骨盆骨折及髋臼四边体骨折的治疗具有优越性。     

单一髂腹股沟入路弹性支撑固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折的效果评估

目的观察并评估单一髂腹股沟入路骨盆缘下钢板弹性支撑固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2015-06采用单一髂腹股沟入路骨盆缘下钢板弹性支撑固定后柱治疗的29例复杂髋臼骨折,术前采用3D打印技术打印骨折模型并预手术,术后评价骨折复位质量及髋关节功能恢复情况。结果骨折复位质量按放射学Matta标准评价:解剖复位14例,复位良好8例,复位不良7例。28例获得随访,随访时间平均36(22~88)个月。28例骨折均愈合,愈合时间平均4.5(4~6)个月。末次随访时27例进行髋关节功能Merle d’Aubigne Postel评分,平均16(10~18)分;优12例,良5例,可5例,差3例,较差2例。结论单一髂腹股沟入路骨盆缘下钢板弹性支撑固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折可对抗骨折移位方向,可同时处理髋臼前壁及关节面压缩骨折,固定效果满意。     

前柱钢板固定结合后柱逆行拉力螺丝钉治疗复杂髋臼骨折16例

[目的]探讨经髂腹股沟入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的手术技巧。[方法]经髂腹股沟入路以重建钢板固定前柱、逆行拉力螺丝钉固定后柱治疗复杂髋臼骨折16例，其中双柱骨折10例，前柱伴后半横行骨折5例，“T”形骨折1例。[结果]解剖复位（移位〈1mm）11例，复位欠佳（移位3mm）4例，复位不满意（移位〉3mm）1例。随访11～37个月，根据改良的Merle d Aubigne及Postel髋关节得分进行功能评价，优9例、良4例、可3例。[结论]前柱钢板固定结合后柱逆行拉力螺丝钉固定，使经髂腹股沟入路治疗大部分髋臼双柱骨折、前柱伴后半横行骨折、T形骨折成为可能，避免了联合应用后方切口，减少了手术创伤。     

高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折

 目的 探讨高位髂腹股沟入路治疗累及四方区髋臼骨折术后疗效、影像学结果及围手术期并发症。方法 回顾性分析 2010 年 10 月至 2012 年 11 月,采用高位髂腹股沟入路治疗 22 例累及四方区的髋臼骨折患者资料,男 12 例,女10例;年龄 16~62岁,平均 35.2岁。根据 Letournel-Judet分型：双柱骨折 6例,前柱骨折 12例,前柱伴后半横行骨折 2例,横行骨折 1例,“T”形骨折 1例。术后骨折复位情况根据 Judet位骨盆 X线片,按照 Matta标准进行评价,髋关节功能按照改良 Merle D'Aubigné评分进行评价。结果 22例患者均获得随访,随访时间 9~28个月,平均 13.5个月。根据骨折复位的 Matta标准：解剖复位 15例（68.18%,15/22）,满意复位 5例（22.73%,5/22）,不满意复位 2例（9.09%,2/22）,满意率为 90.91%。末次随访时,Merle D’Aubigné评分为 10~18分,平均 16.7分,其中优 16例,良 4例,差 2例,优良率为 90.91%（20/22）。无一例形成腹股沟疝或腹壁疝,其中 2例患者出现股外侧皮神经损伤症状,1例出现血管损伤,1例出现伤口脂肪液化。结论 高位髂腹股沟入路是一种治疗复杂骨盆髋臼骨折,特别是累及四方区髋臼骨折的一种新入路,可克服经典髂腹股沟入路和改良 Stoppa 入路的缺点,直视四方区和死亡冠,更好地复位和固定骨折。     

软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折

目的: 探讨软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法: 2015年7月至2019年12月共收治髋臼后壁骨折47例,依据内固定技术方法不同分为对照组23例(单纯外侧钢板螺钉支撑外围阻挡固定)和研究组24例(软骨下阻挡技术联合外侧钢板螺钉支撑双平面固定)。对照组中男15例,女8例,年龄18~68(40.9±7.2)岁,术前准备4~13(7.9±1.5) d。研究组中男14例,女10例,年龄20~71(41.7±7.9)岁,术前准备4~12(7.5±1.9) d。两组均采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路且获得至少1年随访。观察比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后骨折复位质量、术后1年的髋关节改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分及术后并发症发生率等。结果: 两组患者术后均获得至少1年的随访。术后1年研究组患者髋关节功能改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分(16.042±1.517)分,高于对照组(14.696±1.222)分(P<0.05)。两组患者手术时间、术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1年两组患者Matta骨折复位质量评价结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 应用软骨下阻挡技术联合钢板螺钉双平面固定技术治疗复杂髋臼后壁骨折,术后并发症发生率更低,术后髋关节功能恢复更好,临床疗效满意。     

单一腹直肌外侧切口治疗髋臼前后柱骨折

 目的 探讨经单一前方腹直肌外侧切口前柱钢板加后柱顺行拉力螺钉固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2014年6月,采用单一前方腹直肌外侧切口前柱钢板加后柱拉力螺钉固定治疗28例髋臼前后柱骨折患者资料,男12例,女16例;年龄19~61岁,平均41.4岁。髋臼骨折按Letournel-Judet分型：前方伴后半横形骨折18例,双柱骨折10例,骨折均未涉及髋臼后壁;其中15例合并骨盆环骨折,9例合并四肢骨折,6例合并其他脏器损伤;13例为多发损伤。手术经前方腹直肌外侧切口进入,直视下复位髋臼骨折,将预弯的钢板放置于四方体的内侧面固定前柱,通过牵拉、撬拨复位后柱骨折,经小骨盆环上缘向坐骨棘或坐骨结节方向打入直径6.5 mm空心螺钉导针后,沿导针顺行拉力螺钉固定后柱。结果 28例患者均顺利完成手术。术后X线及CT检查均示髋臼前后柱骨折复位固定良好,无一例发生围手术期并发症。按Matta影像学复位标准：优20例,良5例,可3例,优良率89.2%（25/28）。28例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~18个月,髋臼骨折均愈合,愈合时间8~14周,平均12周。根据Matta改良的Merle d’ Aubigne和Postel评分系统评价髋关节功能：优19例,良7例,可2例,优良率为92.8%（26/28）。2例分别于术后6、11个月行走时出现疼痛,影像学表现为髋关节创伤性关节炎,口服氨基葡萄糖片治疗,症状无明显改善。结论 经单一腹直肌外侧切口入路术中能充分显露髋臼前柱及后柱内侧面,并能直视下对髋臼前、后柱骨折进行有效复位与固定,疗效满意。     

单一髂腹股沟入路重建钢板固定前柱结合空心钉固定后柱治疗髋臼双柱骨折

目的探讨经单一髂腹股沟入路重建钢板结合空心钉固定后柱治疗髋臼双柱骨折的近期临床效果。方法笔者自2010-09—2014-06对31例髋臼双柱骨折采用经单一髂腹股沟入路显露髋臼前柱骨折以及四方体,间接复位髋臼后柱,前柱重建钢板固定,后柱空心钉固定。结果所有患者均获得随访6~34个月,平均12个月。术后2周按Matta影像学评估显示解剖复位16例,满意复位14例,不满意复位1例。末次随访疗效按Merle D'Aubigne and Postel评分评定:平均14.22(6~18)分,优7例,良15例,可5例,差4例。结论经单一髂腹股沟入路重建钢板结合空心钉固定治疗髋臼双柱骨折,单一切口复位并固定了髋臼前后柱骨折,减少了手术创伤,降低了坐骨神经损伤的风险,出现髋关节僵硬、异位骨化的概率低;是一种有效、安全的方法,值得推广应用。     

手术治疗髋臼骨折的临床疗效

目的探讨手术治疗髋臼骨折的临床疗效,并对相关因素进行分析。方法分别采用K-L入路、髂腹股沟入路、前后联合入路行切开复位骨盆重建钢板、螺钉内固定治疗48例髋臼骨折患者。结果术后按Matta影像学评分,解剖复位28例,满意复位14例,不满意复位6例。患者均获随访,时间12~58个月。按改良的Merle d'Aubigné和Postel评分标准:优28例,良9例,可7例,差4例。简单骨折和复合骨折临床优良率分别为94.4%和66.7%,解剖复位和非解剖复位的临床优良率分别为96.4%和50%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论手术治疗髋臼骨折可获得满意的疗效,骨折的复位质量、骨折类型与疗效密切相关。     

经腹直肌外侧入路联合3D打印技术治疗老年复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效评价

目的 对经腹直肌外侧入路联合3D打印技术治疗老年复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效进行评价。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年12月于我院行外科手术治疗的74例复杂髋臼骨折老年病人的临床资料，按照治疗方式的不同分为研究组与对照组，研究组38例，对照组36例。对照组采用传统经髂腹股沟入路联合3D打印技术，研究组采用经腹直肌外侧入路联合3D打印技术治疗。记录两组病人切口长度、骨折部位暴露时间、术中出血量、手术时间及术后骨折复位质量情况。比较两组病人术前、术后3个月及6个月时的髋关节改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分变化；分析术前及术后6个月时，两组病人髋关节活动状态（伸展、前屈、内收、外展）变化；比较两组病人在术后1个月内的并发症发生情况差异；术后1周采用Matta影像学评估标准比较两组术后骨折复位质量差异。结果 研究组病人手术切口长度、骨折部位暴露时间、手术用时均短于对照组（P＜0.05），且术中出血量少于对照组（P＜0.05）；术后3个月及6个月，两组病人改良Merle D''Aubigne-Postel评分均较术前升高（P＜0.05），且研究组均高于同一时间对照组（P＜0.05）；术后6个月时，两组病人伸展、前屈、内收、外展度数均较术前增大（P＜0.05），且研究组大于同一时间对照组（P＜0.05）；术后1个月内，两组病人深静脉血栓、切口感染、腹疝以及神经损伤发生率比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；术后1周研究组骨折复位总体优良率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 经腹直肌外侧入路联合3D打印技术能够减轻行复杂髋臼骨折手术的老年病人手术创伤并缩短手术时间，有助于改善其术后髋关节功能与活动状态，有效提高老年复杂髋臼骨折复位质量。     

经腹直肌外侧入路钢板结合后柱拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折

目的探讨经腹直肌外侧切口入路钢板结合后柱拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-03—2015-10采用经腹直肌外侧切口入路前柱钢板加后柱顺行拉力螺钉内固定治疗髋臼前后柱骨折48例的临床资料,术后根据改良的Merle D'Aubigne和Postel评价标准评价患侧髋关节功能。结果本组48例均为单一经腹直肌外侧切口入路完成手术,手术时间45~150 min,平均85 min;术中出血180~1 200 ml,平均330 ml;所有患者均获得随访10~24个月,骨折均愈合,髋臼前后柱骨折均复位良好,髋臼后柱拉力螺钉位置理想。复位标准按照Matta标准进行评估:优34例,良8例,可6例,优良率87.5%。2例出现腹壁伤口皮下脂肪液化,经换药后愈合。末次随访疗效根据改良的Merle D'Aubigne和Postel评分系统评定:优30例,良10例,可8例,优良率83.3%。结论经腹直肌外侧切口入路能从骨盆内侧面充分显露髋臼前柱、四方体及后柱,并直视下复位髋臼前后柱骨折,前柱钢板+后柱顺行拉力螺钉固定能达到稳定的固定效果。     

3D打印技术辅助髂腹股沟入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折

目的探讨3D打印技术辅助髂腹股沟入路治疗髋臼双柱骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年5月,我科应用3D打印技术辅助髂腹股沟入路治疗12例不伴后壁骨折的髋臼双柱骨折患者的临床资料,其中男9例,女3例;年龄24~70岁,平均(46.4±15.1)岁。记录手术时间、出血量、并发症等情况。术前3D打印骨盆模型、模拟手术并预弯钢板。术后以Matta标准评估骨折复位情况,改良的Merle D’Aubigne和Postel评分系统评估髋关节功能情况。结果患者均顺利完成手术。手术时间130~245 min,术中出血量600~1600 mL,自体血回输300~800 mL。随访0.5~2.5年,平均(1.5±0.7)年,患者全部骨性愈合。术后骨折复位质量评估,优6例,良4例,可2例,优良率83.3%;髋关节功能评估:优5例,良4例,可3例,优良率75.0%。结论3D打印技术可辅助髂腹股沟入路精准个性化复位固定髋臼双柱骨折,疗效好,是一种理想的方法。     

髋臼顶压缩骨折的手术技巧

目的探讨切开复位植骨内固定治疗髋臼顶压缩骨折的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾性研究自2008-06—2013-06诊治的14例髋臼顶压缩骨折,经髂腹股沟入路（10例）或髂腹股沟联合Kocher-Langenbeck入路（4例）行切开复位植骨内固定术。结果 14例获得平均36（6-60）个月随访,所有患者均获骨性愈合。术后骨折复位质量按Matta复位标准评估：优6例,良5例,可2例,差1例,优良率78.6%。末次随访时髋关节功能按改良Merle d＇Aubigne和Postel评分标准评估：优5例,良5例,可3例,差1例,优良率71.4%。术后发生创伤性关节炎3例,异位骨化1例。结论正确认识髋臼顶压缩骨折治疗的复杂性,选择恰当的手术入路,掌握熟练的手术技巧,均是获得满意临床疗效的的关键。     

Intelligent robot-assisted minimally invasive reduction system for reduction of unstable pelvic fractures

ObjectiveCurrently, minimally invasive internal fixation is recommended for the surgical treatment of unstable pelvic fractures. The premise and difficulty of minimally invasive internal fixation are minimally invasive reduction of fractures. This review aimed to investigate the indications, surgical strategy and techniques, safety, and efficacy of intelligent robot-assisted fracture reduction (RAFR) system of pelvic ring injuries.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed a case series from March 2021 to November 2021. A total of 22 patients with unstable pelvic fracture injuries underwent minimally invasive internal fixations. All pelvic ring fractures were reduced with our intelligent RAFR system. The robot system intelligently designs the optimal position and reduction path based on the patient's preoperative 3D CT. During the operation, the three-dimensional visualization of the fracture is realized through image registration, and the Robot completes the automatic reduction of the fracture. The global 3D point cloud error between the preoperative planning results and the actual postoperative reduction results was calculated. The postoperative reduction results of residual displacement were graded by the Matta Criteria.ResultsMinimally invasive closed reduction procedures were completed in all 22 cases with our RAFR system. The average global 3D point cloud reduction error between the preoperative planning results and the actual postoperative reduction results was 3.41mm±1.83mm. The mean residual displacement was 4.61mm±3.29mm. Given the Matta criteria, 16 cases were excellent, five were good, and one was fair, with an excellent and good rate of 95.5%.ConclusionOur new pelvic fracture reduction robot system can complete intelligent and minimally invasive fracture reduction for most patients with unstable pelvic fractures. The system has intelligent reduction position and path planning and realizes stable pelvis control through a unique holding arm and a robotic arm. The operation process will not cause additional damage to the patient, which fully meets the clinical requirements. Our study demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of our robotic reduction system and its applicability and usability in clinical practice, thus paving the way towards Robot minimally invasive pelvic fracture surgeries.     

Management of acetabular fractures with modified posterior approach to spare external hip rotators

Introduction

In the present study the quality of reduction and incidence of complications in hip external rotator sparing modified posterior approach was assessed in both simple and complex acetabular fractures.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study includes 37 patients (38 hips) with a mean age of 42.1 years (range 21–60), that had been treated for displaced acetabular fractures from June 2007 through May 2011. They were reviewed at a mean of 3 years (20–67 months).

Results

The fractures were classified according to the Letournel–Judet classification. Anatomic reduction and stable fixation of the fracture with less than 2 mm residual displacement was achieved in 28 of 38 hips. At the final follow up the patients were evaluated clinically according to Merle d’Aubigne and Postel scoring system which had been modified by Matta and radiologically based on the criteria described by Matta. The clinical results were excellent in 20, good in 8, fair in 8, and poor 2 hips. Complications included two superficial local wound infection and 10 heterotopic ossification with 7 of the cases having grade I heterotopic ossification. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was not seen in any of the 38 hips. One patient with preoperative sciatic nerve palsy had complete recovery of neurologic function. There were no cases of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.

Conclusion

The functional outcome was satisfactory in most of the cases and comparable with other larger series. Using the limited part of Henry's sciatic nerve exposure skin incision – working in the plane between gluteus maximus and the tensor fascia lata as in the classical Gibson approach and two portal external rotator hip sparing approach resulted in good fracture reduction without approach related complications.     

Short-term results of surgical treatment of acetabular fractures using the modified Stoppa approach

BackgroundAs the more commonly used ilioinguinal approach is extensive and associated with complications arising from the dissection along the inguinal canal, we attempt to evaluate the efficacy of the modified Stoppa approach as an alternative in the operative management of acetabular fractures.MethodsTwenty-three patients with acetabular fractures, were operated by the modified Stoppa approach. Fractures were classified; operative time and blood loss were recorded; the radiological and clinical outcomes were prospectively analysed. We analysed the radiological results according to the criteria of Matta and the clinical results by the Merle d’Aubigne and Postel score with a mean follow up of 15.13 months.ResultsThe clinical outcomes were excellent or good in nineteen cases, fair and poor in two patients each. In eighteen of our cases the reduction was anatomic, imperfect in two cases, and poor in three cases. The mean pre-operative displacements on axial, sagittal and coronal NCCT sections were 3.8, 3.1 and 3.6 mm, respectively; and mean post-operative displacements were 0.2, 0.3 and 0.2 mm, respectively. The mean pre-operative and post-operative fracture gap were 12.8 mm and 1.1 mm respectively.ConclusionsMinimizing perioperative morbidity and simultaneously allowing access for anatomical reduction are the major benefits of the approach. The modified Stoppa approach can substitute the ilioinguinal approach for the surgical fixation of acetabular fractures.